Biological Effects of Selected Structures and Practices in Galveston Bay System David Buzan, Liz Singhurst, Grace Chen and Wen Lee.
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Biological Effects of Selected Biological Effects of Selected Structures and Practices in Structures and Practices in
Galveston Bay SystemGalveston Bay System
David Buzan, Liz Singhurst, Grace David Buzan, Liz Singhurst, Grace Chen and Wen LeeChen and Wen Lee
Project FlowchartProject Flowchart
Circulation&
Salinity
Habitat&
Species
Delta MarshesOyster Reefs
Blue CrabGulf Menhaden
Change in PAZ ?Structures
Practices
TWDB
TPWD
And We know that:
Not all man-made changes are beneficial to the system
The Six Study CasesThe Six Study Cases(dry and wet year conditions)(dry and wet year conditions)
• EC – Existing ConditionsEC – Existing Conditions
• PPO – Power Plant Thermal ReleasePPO – Power Plant Thermal Release
• TCD – Texas City DykeTCD – Texas City Dyke
• HSC – Houston Ship ChannelHSC – Houston Ship Channel
• FID – Freshwater Inflow DiversionFID – Freshwater Inflow Diversion
• NC – Naturalized ConditionsNC – Naturalized Conditions
Trinity Delta Trinity Delta MarshesMarshes
• In upper bay – the oligohaline zoneIn upper bay – the oligohaline zone• Cover ~ 54 KmCover ~ 54 Km22
• Mixed emergent vegetation - dominated by Mixed emergent vegetation - dominated by --ScirpusScirpus spp. (bulrush) spp. (bulrush)
-Others (arrowheads, alligator weeds…)-Others (arrowheads, alligator weeds…)• Submerged vegetation present - dominated bySubmerged vegetation present - dominated by
-Ruppia maritima-Ruppia maritima--NajasNajas spp. spp. --VallisneriaVallisneria americanaamericana
Trinity Delta Marshes Trinity Delta Marshes (cont’d)(cont’d)• Finfish in delta marshesFinfish in delta marshes
- Sheepshead minnow- Sheepshead minnow
- Gulf killifish- Gulf killifish
- Bay anchovy- Bay anchovy
- Striped mullet- Striped mullet
- Atlantic croaker- Atlantic croaker
Trinity Delta Marshes Trinity Delta Marshes (cont’d)(cont’d)
• Shellfish in delta Shellfish in delta marshesmarshes
- Grass shrimp- Grass shrimp
- Blue crab- Blue crab
- Pink shrimp- Pink shrimp
- Brown shrimp- Brown shrimp
- White shrimp- White shrimp
Mid-Bay Oyster ReefsMid-Bay Oyster Reefs
• 14000 acres in the bay14000 acres in the bay
• Distribution and importanceDistribution and importance
• Salinity ( 12 -19 ppt)Salinity ( 12 -19 ppt)
• Temperature (12 to 30 C)Temperature (12 to 30 C)
• Dominated byDominated by
-American oyster-American oyster
-Bay anchovy-Bay anchovy
-Mud crabs-Mud crabs
-Amphipods-Amphipods
-Capitellids-Capitellids
Blue Crab (Blue Crab (CallinectesCallinectes spidusspidus))• Ecologically and commercially importantEcologically and commercially important
• Estuarine-dependentEstuarine-dependent
• R-selected strategistsR-selected strategists
• Secondary consumerSecondary consumer
• Most abundant in vegetated habitats inMost abundant in vegetated habitats in
mesohaline zonemesohaline zone
• Densities in open waters peak in May-Densities in open waters peak in May-JuneJune
Gulf Menhaden Gulf Menhaden ((BrevoortiaBrevoortia PatronusPatronus))
• Life history/strategy similar to blue crabLife history/strategy similar to blue crab• Primary consumerPrimary consumer• Abundant in open waters with salinitiesAbundant in open waters with salinities of 10 to 15 pptof 10 to 15 ppt• Densities low in summer and high inDensities low in summer and high in early winterearly winter
Analytical ProcedureAnalytical Procedure • Locate the PAZLocate the PAZ
--exploreexplore the historical database the historical database trawl - 1982 to 2000trawl - 1982 to 2000
oyster dredge - 1988 to 2003oyster dredge - 1988 to 2003--find outfind out the PAZ - where the peak abundance occurs and the PAZ - where the peak abundance occurs and what the salinities arewhat the salinities are--assumptionassumption: increase in PAZ value would be beneficial: increase in PAZ value would be beneficial
• Compare PAZCompare PAZ (wet vs. dry year, and among the different (wet vs. dry year, and among the different structures/practices)structures/practices)
- area extent or- area extent or - location- location
Analytical Procedure (cont’d)Analytical Procedure (cont’d)
• How to find the PAZHow to find the PAZ
- CF trawl data- CF trawl data
- Seasons to be included- Seasons to be included
- Spatial distribution in relation to - Spatial distribution in relation to
salinity gradient in the bay (GIS)salinity gradient in the bay (GIS)
- Comparisons of mean CPUE among - Comparisons of mean CPUE among salinity salinity
zones (ANOVA)zones (ANOVA)
Month
Mea
n C
PU
E (
no.
/ha)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Sabine GalvestonAransasU. LagunaL. Laguna
White Shrimp: Relative abundace for selected seasons in Sabine Lake, Galveston, Aransas and Laguna Madre systems
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Oyster Reefs PAZ: 10 – 20 ppt
Blue Crab PAZ: 5 – 15 ppt
Gulf Menhaden PAZ: 10 – 15 ppt
% B
ay A
rea
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
EC
PPO
TCD
HSC
FWD
NC
Wet Year Dry Year
(0 - 5 ppt)A - Trinity River Delta
% B
ay A
rea
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
EC
PPO
TCD
HSC
FWD
NC
B - Middle Bay - Oyster Reef(10 - 20 ppt)
Wet Year Dry Year
Figure 4. Intertidal marsh and oyster reef - changes in PAZ related to climatic conditions and structures/practices in Glveston Bay.
Delta Marshes
- Assume PAZ of 0 to 5 ppt
- Climatic impact – yes
wet year = 23 Km2
dry year = 0.7 km2
- Wet - HSC has the most impact
- Marsh production
Mid-Bay Oyster Reefs
- Climatic impact – noPAZ averages 50%
- Dry – TCD generates higher PAZ
- Changes in current vector ?
1. Mid-bay Isohaline From 20 to 10 ppt
From Dry to Wet
2. Upper Bay Less saline
(15-20 to 5-10 ppt)
(1996 to 1992)
Mesohaline (10 – 15 ppt)
HSC TCD
Dry Year
2.7 14.3
Wet Year
26.0 30.8
Wet Year Dry Year
% B
ay A
rea
0
20
40
60
80
EC
PPO
TCD
HFC
FWD
NC
Wet Year Dry Year
A - Blue Crab(5 - 15 ppt)
% B
ay A
rea
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
EC
PPO
TCD
HSC
FWD
NC
B - Gulf Menhaden(10 - 15 ppt)
Figure 7. Blue crab and Gulf menhaden - changes in PAZ related to climatic conditions and structures/practices in Galveston Bay.
Blue Crab (5-15 ppt) - Climate – yes
dry year = PAZ of 2 %
wet year = PAZ of 67 %
- Wet year
TCD seems to impact more vs. others
Gulf Menhaden (10-15 ppt)
- Climate – yes
dry year = PAZ of 6 %
wet year = PAZ of 29 %
- Dry year
TCD again shows more impact
TCDTCD TCDTCD
FWDFWD PPOPPO
PPOPPO FWDFWD
HSCHSC HSCHSC
TCDTCD TCDTCD
FWDFWD PPOPPO
HSCHSC FWDFWD
PPOPPO HSCHSC
HSCHSC HSCHSC
TCDTCD FWDFWD
FWDFWD TCDTCD
PPOPPO PPOPPO
TCDTCD PPOPPO
FWDFWD TCDTCD
PPOPPO FWDFWD
HSCHSC HSCHSC
Dry Wet Dry Wet
Delta Marsh
Oyster Reef
Blue Crab Gulf Menhaden
Relative Impacts of Structures/Practices on Selected Habitats and Species
Decr
easi
ng Im
pact
on P
AZ
SummarySummary• Climate has the most impacts on salinityClimate has the most impacts on salinity distribution in the baydistribution in the bay
• Biological effects of structures/practices Biological effects of structures/practices varyvary
depending on species’ PAZ depending on species’ PAZ
- - If PAZ in upper Bay – HSCIf PAZ in upper Bay – HSC - If PAZ in middle Bay – TCD - If PAZ in middle Bay – TCD - If PAZ in West Bay – TCD- If PAZ in West Bay – TCD
***Man-made changes are not all Bad***
- if we know what change can do
and
-if we know how we can manage it
or
-If we know how to accommodate to it
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