Best practice guidance for planning roads through sensitive habitats Ecological and economic evaluation approaches for mainstreaming biodiversity in EIA;
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Best practice guidance for planning roads through
sensitive habitats
Ecological and economic evaluation approaches for mainstreaming biodiversity in EIA; Saudi Arabia; 24-26 November, 2008
Dr. Vinod. B. Mathur
Professor & DeanWildlife Institute of India
vbm@wii.gov.in
Existing EIA guidelines specific to road Existing EIA guidelines specific to road development projectsdevelopment projects
Environmental Impact Assessment of Road Transport Development: The State-of-the-Art in the Selected Countries of the ESCAP Region, ESCAP, Bangkok, 1988.
Environmental Impact Assessment: Guidelines for Transport Development, (ST/ESCAP/785), ESCAP, 1990.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Roads, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, 1994.
Roads and the Environment: A Handbook, Report TWU 13. Transport Division, World Bank, Washington DC, 1994.
contd…
Existing EIA guidelines specific to road Existing EIA guidelines specific to road development projectsdevelopment projects
Environmental Assessment in the Transportation Sector – Guidelines for Managers, Inter-American Development Bank (IADB). Washington DC, 1996.
Roads and the Environment: A Handbook, Transport Division, World Bank Paper No. 376, Washington DC, 1997.
Biodiversity and Environmental Impact Assessment: A Good Practice Guide for Road Scheme. Helen Byron, 2000-The RSPB, WWF-UK, English Nature and Wildlife Trusts’, Sandy.
Road, Sensitive Habitats and Wildlife: Environmental Guidelines for India and South Asia. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun and Canadian. Rajvanshi, A., Mathur, V. B., Teleki, Geza C. & Mukherjee, S.K. (2000).
contd…
Existing EIA guidelines specific to road Existing EIA guidelines specific to road development projectsdevelopment projects
Environmental Collaborative Ltd, Toronto, 2001, 215 pp. http://www.wii.gov.in/publications/eia/index.htm
Identifying the Best Locations along Highways to Provide Safe Crossing Opportunities for Wildlife. Barnum, S. (2003). Report No. CDOT-DTD-UCD-2003-9. Colorado Department of Transportation. http://ttap.colostate.edu/ Library/CDOT/CDOT-DTD-UCD-2003-9.pdf.
Second Nature: Improving Transportation without Putting Nature Second. http://www.transact.org/library/reports_pdfs /Biodiversity/second_nature.pdf (last accessed on 2007). White, P. A. & Ernst, M. (2007).
contd…
Existing EIA guidelines specific to road Existing EIA guidelines specific to road development projectsdevelopment projects
Work Zone Best Practices Guidebook. Prepared by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in partnership with American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). April 2000.
Best practice guidance for biodiversity-inclusive impact assessment: A manual for practitioners and reviewers in South Asia. CBBIA-IAIA Guidance Series. Capacity Building in Biodiversity and Impact Assessment (CBBIA) Project, International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA), North Dakota, U.S.A. Rajvanshi, A., Mathur, Vinod B., Iftikhar, Usman A. (2007)
Current and proposed roadwork in India: 1996-2008
Road project km
Golden quadrilateral 5952
NH2 Delhi – Calcutta 1469
NH5&6 Calcutta–Chennai 1745NH4, 7, 45 & 46
Chennai– Mumbai 1302
NH8 Delhi – Mumbai 1436
North – South and East–West corridors 7300
Source: National Highway Authority of India 1999
Contents Part – I Theory and PracticePart – I Theory and Practice
1. Roads and Wildlife: The Relationship
2. Protected Areas, Wildlife and Roads: Environmental Issues
3. Environmental Institutions, Legislations and Process
4. Ecosystems, Impacts and Mitigative Measures
5. Methods and Tools
6. Additional Sources of Information
Contents Part – II Case StudiesPart – II Case Studies
1. Road and Rail Network Development in Gir National Park and Sanctuary, IndiaIndia
2. Kohalpur-Mahakali Highway Project, NepalNepal
3. Mumbai-Pune Expressway Project, IndiaIndia
4. Linear Developments and Elephant Movement in Rajaji-Corbett Conservation Area, IndiaIndia
5. Colombo-Katunayake Expressway Project: Integrating Environmental Considerations in Project Planning, Sri LankaSri Lanka
6. Andhra Pradesh State Highway Rehabilitation and Maintenance Project: The Nandyal-Giddalur-Thokapalli Road, IndiaIndia
Contents
AnnexuresAnnexures Annexure IAnnexure I – Glossary
Annexure IIAnnexure II – Sample of Environmental Management Action Plan
Protected Areas, Wildlife and Roads: Environmental Issues
Impact of Roads
Types of Impacts
Significance of Impacts
Soil erosion and hydrological alterations
Human colonization induced disturbances
Habitat fragmentation and
modification
Injury and mortality of wildlife species
Impacts of Roads
Restriction of animal movements
Environmental contamination
Number of individualskilled per Tadoba Sariska Gir Corbett Pench Royal Bardiayear Tiger Tiger National and Tiger Tiger National Park
Reserve Reserve Park Sanctuary Reserve Reserve Nepal FR SH SH SH NH NH
Chital 2 1 3Sambar 3 1Nilgai 2 1Wild boarLion 2Leopard 1 4Tiger 2 5 2Langur 17 37 1Civet 3 1Porcupine 1Barking deer 2Mongoose 4 1Hyaena 2 1Jungle cat 1 1Total road kills 29 8 6 46 6 6Source Dubey, Johnsingh Singh & Uttar- Areendran Karki &
1997 et al. Kamboj anchal & Pasha Shreshthapers. 1998 1996 Forest 1999 1998comm. Dept. pers. comm. pers. comm.
Animal mortality on roads in protected areas of India and Nepal (1997-1998)
Wildlife habitats and the nature of roads on which mortality is reported
Impact of Roads Development
Direct or Primary Impacts
Indirect or Secondary Impacts
Cumulative or Synergistic Impacts
Project characteristics/ Direct impacts Indirect impacts Cumulative/activity synergistic impacts
Clearing of Loss or degrada- Reduction in Decline in wildlifevegetation tion of habitat habitat use population and diversity
Increase in Increased road Decline in Change to trophic traffic volume kills populations dynamics and species
composition
Road alignment Increased access Unplanned Decline in habitat through wildlife to pristine wildlife development quality habitat habitat areas
Poaching Species decline
Land acquisition Displacement of Colonization Deterioration of for road people pressure in previously undisturbed
unsettled areas natural areas
Examples of potential impacts of road on wildlife
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