Best practice guidance for planning roads through sensitive habitats Ecological and economic evaluation approaches for mainstreaming biodiversity in EIA;

Best practice guidance for planning roads through

sensitive habitats

Ecological and economic evaluation approaches for mainstreaming biodiversity in EIA; Saudi Arabia; 24-26 November, 2008

Dr. Vinod. B. Mathur

Professor & DeanWildlife Institute of India

[email protected]

Existing EIA guidelines specific to road Existing EIA guidelines specific to road development projectsdevelopment projects

Environmental Impact Assessment of Road Transport Development: The State-of-the-Art in the Selected Countries of the ESCAP Region, ESCAP, Bangkok, 1988.

Environmental Impact Assessment: Guidelines for Transport Development, (ST/ESCAP/785), ESCAP, 1990.

Environmental Impact Assessment of Roads, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, 1994.

Roads and the Environment: A Handbook, Report TWU 13. Transport Division, World Bank, Washington DC, 1994.

contd…

Existing EIA guidelines specific to road Existing EIA guidelines specific to road development projectsdevelopment projects

Environmental Assessment in the Transportation Sector – Guidelines for Managers, Inter-American Development Bank (IADB). Washington DC, 1996.

Roads and the Environment: A Handbook, Transport Division, World Bank Paper No. 376, Washington DC, 1997.

Biodiversity and Environmental Impact Assessment: A Good Practice Guide for Road Scheme. Helen Byron, 2000-The RSPB, WWF-UK, English Nature and Wildlife Trusts’, Sandy.

Road, Sensitive Habitats and Wildlife: Environmental Guidelines for India and South Asia. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun and Canadian. Rajvanshi, A., Mathur, V. B., Teleki, Geza C. & Mukherjee, S.K. (2000).

contd…

Existing EIA guidelines specific to road Existing EIA guidelines specific to road development projectsdevelopment projects

Environmental Collaborative Ltd, Toronto, 2001, 215 pp. http://www.wii.gov.in/publications/eia/index.htm

Identifying the Best Locations along Highways to Provide Safe Crossing Opportunities for Wildlife. Barnum, S. (2003). Report No. CDOT-DTD-UCD-2003-9. Colorado Department of Transportation. http://ttap.colostate.edu/ Library/CDOT/CDOT-DTD-UCD-2003-9.pdf.

Second Nature: Improving Transportation without Putting Nature Second. http://www.transact.org/library/reports_pdfs /Biodiversity/second_nature.pdf (last accessed on 2007). White, P. A. & Ernst, M. (2007).

contd…

Existing EIA guidelines specific to road Existing EIA guidelines specific to road development projectsdevelopment projects

Work Zone Best Practices Guidebook. Prepared by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in partnership with American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). April 2000.

Best practice guidance for biodiversity-inclusive impact assessment: A manual for practitioners and reviewers in South Asia. CBBIA-IAIA Guidance Series. Capacity Building in Biodiversity and Impact Assessment (CBBIA) Project, International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA), North Dakota, U.S.A. Rajvanshi, A., Mathur, Vinod B., Iftikhar, Usman A. (2007)

Development of Best Best Practice Guide:Practice Guide: An Initiative at WII

Current and proposed roadwork in India: 1996-2008

Road project km

Golden quadrilateral 5952

NH2 Delhi – Calcutta 1469

NH5&6 Calcutta–Chennai 1745NH4, 7, 45 & 46

Chennai– Mumbai 1302

NH8 Delhi – Mumbai 1436

North – South and East–West corridors 7300

Source: National Highway Authority of India 1999

Protected Area Network

and Road Development

Contents Part – I Theory and PracticePart – I Theory and Practice

1. Roads and Wildlife: The Relationship

2. Protected Areas, Wildlife and Roads: Environmental Issues

3. Environmental Institutions, Legislations and Process

4. Ecosystems, Impacts and Mitigative Measures

5. Methods and Tools

6. Additional Sources of Information

Contents Part – II Case StudiesPart – II Case Studies

1. Road and Rail Network Development in Gir National Park and Sanctuary, IndiaIndia

2. Kohalpur-Mahakali Highway Project, NepalNepal

3. Mumbai-Pune Expressway Project, IndiaIndia

4. Linear Developments and Elephant Movement in Rajaji-Corbett Conservation Area, IndiaIndia

5. Colombo-Katunayake Expressway Project: Integrating Environmental Considerations in Project Planning, Sri LankaSri Lanka

6. Andhra Pradesh State Highway Rehabilitation and Maintenance Project: The Nandyal-Giddalur-Thokapalli Road, IndiaIndia

Contents

AnnexuresAnnexures Annexure IAnnexure I – Glossary

Annexure IIAnnexure II – Sample of Environmental Management Action Plan

Protected Areas, Wildlife and Roads: Environmental Issues

Impact of Roads

Types of Impacts

Significance of Impacts

Soil erosion and hydrological alterations

Human colonization induced disturbances

Habitat fragmentation and

modification

Injury and mortality of wildlife species

Impacts of Roads

Restriction of animal movements

Environmental contamination

Habitat fragmentation

and modification

Restriction of animal

movements

Injury and mortality of

wildlife species

Number of individualskilled per Tadoba Sariska Gir Corbett Pench Royal Bardiayear Tiger Tiger National and Tiger Tiger National Park

Reserve Reserve Park Sanctuary Reserve Reserve Nepal FR SH SH SH NH NH

Chital 2 1 3Sambar 3 1Nilgai 2 1Wild boarLion 2Leopard 1 4Tiger 2 5 2Langur 17 37 1Civet 3 1Porcupine 1Barking deer 2Mongoose 4 1Hyaena 2 1Jungle cat 1 1Total road kills 29 8 6 46 6 6Source Dubey, Johnsingh Singh & Uttar- Areendran Karki &

1997 et al. Kamboj anchal & Pasha Shreshthapers. 1998 1996 Forest 1999 1998comm. Dept. pers. comm. pers. comm.

Animal mortality on roads in protected areas of India and Nepal (1997-1998)

Wildlife habitats and the nature of roads on which mortality is reported

Soil erosion and

hydrological alterations

Environmental contamination

Human colonization-

induced disturbances

Impact of Roads

Types of Impacts

Significance of Impacts

Impact of Roads Development

Direct or Primary Impacts

Indirect or Secondary Impacts

Cumulative or Synergistic Impacts

Direct or Primary Impacts

Indirect or Secondary Impacts

Cumulative or Synergistic Impacts

Impact of Roads

Types of Impacts

Significance of Impacts

Significance of Impacts

Geographical Area

Species, Communities, Ecosystems affected

Project characteristics/ Direct impacts Indirect impacts Cumulative/activity synergistic impacts

Clearing of Loss or degrada- Reduction in Decline in wildlifevegetation tion of habitat habitat use population and diversity

Increase in Increased road Decline in Change to trophic traffic volume kills populations dynamics and species

composition

Road alignment Increased access Unplanned Decline in habitat through wildlife to pristine wildlife development quality habitat habitat areas

Poaching Species decline

Land acquisition Displacement of Colonization Deterioration of for road people pressure in previously undisturbed

unsettled areas natural areas

Examples of potential impacts of road on wildlife

Thank you…