Berlos theory of communication2

Berlo’s Theory of Communication

What is COMMUNICATION ?• Communication is the process of stimulating

meaning through the use of verbal and nonverbal messages.

•  Here’s the main point:  People create, manipulate, and use symbols to accomplish goals.

• People use tools.  People use tools to achieve goals.  Symbols are tools.  People use symbols to accomplish goals.  Communication accomplishes goals.  

S M CRSource Message Channel Receiver

Feedback

SOURCE

• Originator of the message; • The encoder.  The goal-setter.

Source• Person (Examples: Trainer, Parent, Friend,

BF, GF, Priest/Pastor, President, Child, God etc.)

Source• Group of persons (Examples: Class,

Officers of an org, Community, etc)• Identity/

Organization (Examples: School, Company, Association, Country)

Source• Types of SOURCE : Pyramid (top to bottom) and

Inverted Pyramid (bottom to top)

CHANNEL •  means of transmitting message; means by which

the message will travel•  Five senses, sight and sound primarily, but also

touch, smell, and taste useful, too.• Face to face• Multi-media• Technology

MESSAGE

• Most important part of the communication process; it is the idea being imparted by the Source; Main Goal of the SOURCE

• Impart Idea, concept, illusion, fantasy (Examples: layout design, advertisement, etc)

•  coded meaning;•  Symbols• Representation of meaning

MESSAGE• To entertain (Sponge Bob), to arouse emotion

(Tele-novela) , to encourage, to impart knowledge (movies, books), to inspire (Bible), to motivate/ convince/ persuade ( campaign materials), to steer confusion (propaganda material), anger, revolt (Noli Me Tangere), etc

RECEIVER• the end of the communication process, the end

product of the source’s goal to deliver his message; The Decoder;  the target of Source

• Person or persons • Group, Organization, World, • All living things

FEEDBACK

WHENEVER A SOURCE SENDS A MESSAGE THRU A CHANNEL TO A RECEIVER, THERE IS AN INTENDED EFFECT. IT IS THE MEASURE BY WHICH A

MESSAGE WAS SUCCESSFULLY DELIVERED. THIS GAUGE IS CALLED FEEDBACK. IT IS THE RESPONSE OR THE FEEDBACK OF THE RECEIVER TO

THE SOURCE.

•  Receiver response to source’s messages.  Also, receiver’s clarification of particular message.

Group Activity:

• Divide into 4 groups and• Identify problems or barriers in each of the

following:• Team A - SOURCE• Team B - MESSAGE• Team C - CHANNEL• Team D - RECEIVER

BARRIERS IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS:• The Source is not clear on

his/her/their message. Sends the wrong message.

• The Source uses the wrong channel.

• The Source sends the message to the wrong Receiver.

• The Source is pre-occupied with other things.

• The Source is biased. • The Source is not an effective

Speaker.• The Source is not knowledgeable

on his Message.• The Source is not convincing.

• The Message is distorted and confusing.• The Message is wrong.• The Message is not clear.• The Message is overloaded.

• The Channel used is not effective.• The Channel is distorted, not attractive.• The Channel is boring.

• The Receiver has stereotyped the Source.• The Receiver is pre-occupied with other things.• The Receiver is biased.• The Receiver is not focused and distracted.• The Receiver’s mind is wandering.• The Receiver has physical and natural barriers.• The Receiver is confused because of the Message.• The Receiver cannot understand the Message.• The Receiver is unwilling. • The Receiver is not motivated.• The Receiver simply does not care.

GATEWAYS TO COMMUNICATION

LISTENING AND RESPONDING SKILLS1. LISTENING WITH UNDERSTANDING.2. STOP TALKING. YOUCANNOT LISTEN IF YOU ARE

TALKING. SHOW RESPECT TO THE SPEAKER/ SOURCE.

3. REMOVE DISTRACTION.4. FOCUS ON THE SOURCE AND THE MESSAGE.5. EMPHATIZE WITH THE SPEAKER.6. HEARING IS WITH THE EARS. LISTENING IS WITH

THE MIND ANDHEART.7. BE CONSCIOUS AND CAUTIOUS.

8. DECISION MAKERS WHO DO NOT LISTEN HAVE LESS INFORMATION AND MAKE WRONG DECISIONS.

9. FEEDBACK IS NECESSARY AND IMPORTANT.10.RESPOND TO THE SOURCE AS APPROPRIATELY AS

POSSIBLE.11.RESPOND WITH A GENTLE HEART.12.RESPOND WITH EITHER A STATEMENT OR A

QUESTION OR FOR CLARIFICATION.13.ENSURE THAT MESSAGE HAS BEEN TRANSMITTED

SUCCESSFULLY TO THE RECEIVER.14.ENSURE THAT INTENDED MESSAGE IS CLEAR.

15.SEEK CLARIFICATIONS AS OFTEN AS POSSIBLE.16.DON’T BE HESISTANT TO ASK VALID AND SOUND

QUESTIONS.17.DO NOT BE ANNOYING. 18.UNDERSTAND THE SOURCE.19.UNDERSTAND THE RECIEVER

TIPS TO EFFECTIVE COOMUNICATION

• 1. Make message CLEAR and easy to understand. Levelling between Source and Receiver.

• 2. Don’t make use of complex messages just to impress your audience.

• 3. Filter Messages into more important ones and discard those that are irrelevant and offensive.

• 4. Go straight to the POINT, but with CARE and CAUTION.

• 5. Be TACTFUL.

• 6. Be CONSIDERATE whether you are the Source or the Receiver.

• 7. The “Handshake” – delivers a good professional message.

• 8. LOOK STRAIGHT TO THE EYES

GROUP EXERCISE:

•“MESSAGE RELAY”

MAY SUNOG SA KANTO. 3 NAMATAY, 2 NASUNOG, 5 NAIPIT AT 6 ANG NAWAWALA.

MALAPIT SA MERCURY ANG BUILDINGNA MALAYO SA HOSPITAL AT KATABI NG BOTIKA.

ABANGAN ANG SUSUNOD NA PANGYAYARI

MAY SUNOG SA KANTO. 3 NAMATAY, 2 NASUNOG, 5 NAIPIT AT 6 ANG NAWAWALA.

MALAPIT SA MERCURY ANG BUILDINGNA MALAYO SA HOSPITAL AT KATABI NG BOTIKA.

ABANGAN ANG SUSUNOD NA PANGYAYARI

5 Way to Improve your Listening Skills.•

How to become a better listener.

1. Stop Thinking- Be in the moment and hear what the person is saying.

2. Mirror Body Language- We do this subconsciously a lot of times but you start to do it more when you are aware of it. Don't mock the person just match them with at least a 3 second delay.

3. Scanning Eye Method- Keep eye contact by looking at the forehead, noise and chin of the person talking. This is good if you are uncomfortable with direct eye contact.

4. Repeat what they say in a question form to clarify you are listening.

5.Compliment the person on the thought or subject even if you object to their point. There is always something you can say nice.