Theories of Government Evolution Theory Force Theory Divine Right Theory Social Contract Theory.

Theories of Government

• Evolution Theory• Force Theory• Divine Right Theory• Social Contract Theory

The state developed out of a family in which one person was the head. Over the years the original family unit became a network of families, or a clan. Eventually, 20 or more clans grouped together created a tribe. Once these nomadic tribes began to settle and develop agricultural techniques, the state was born.

Evolutionary Theory Definition:

Evolutionary Theory

Force Theory Definition:

An individual or group claimed control over a territory and forced the population to submit. In this way, the state became sovereign, and those in control formed a government.those in control formed a government

Force Theory

Divine Right Theory:

God created the state, making it sovereign. The government is made up of those chosen by God to rule a certain territory. The population must obey their ruler.

Divine Right Theory

God Loves Me!God Loves Me!

God Loves Me!

A population in a given territory gives up as much power to a government as needed to promote the well-being of all. In doing so, they create a sovereign state.

Social Contract Theory:

Social Contract Theory

I SEE…

I THINK…

I WONDER…

I WONDER….

Founding Fathers, Founding Ideals

Big Questions:

Founding Fathers, Founding Ideals

Big Questions:1. What are the major ideals that shape government?

Founding Fathers, Founding Ideals

Big Questions:1. What are the major ideals that shape government?2. How were the Founding Fathers influenced by major ideals?

Founding Fathers, Founding IdealsPrimary Document PosterDirections: 1. Read the document and write the MAIN IDEA in ONE sentence2. Summarize this document into THREE key words of phrases3. Imagine this founding author had a twitter account… in 140 characters or less, TWEET this document (don’t forget the #!)

Document Name, Author

X’s main idea is….

• Key word/phrase• Key word/phrase• Key word/phrase

@_______ says: “____________________.#_______”

What are the Founding Ideas anyway??

• Sanctity of Human Life• Protection of Private Property• Individual Freedom• Obedience to authority• Separation of Powers

Sanctity of Life

Protection of Private Property

Individual Freedom

Obedience to Authority

Separation of Powers

Founding Documents Matrix

• Use your Founding Ideals Poster from your stations• On your Founding Documents matrix sheet, mark which idea or ideas

you see represented, just check off the box.• If more than one idea is represented, mark them all.• When you finish looking at all the documents, answer the questions

off to the right side.

Document Sanctity of Human life

Protection of Private Property

Individual Freedom

Obedience to authority

Separation of Powers

Ten Commandments

Magna Carta English Bill of Rights

John Locke Declaration of Independence

Charles de Montesquieu

US Constitution

2 “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.3 “You shall have no other gods before me.4 “You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. 5 You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, 6 but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.7 “You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.8 “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. 9 Six days you shall labor, and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God.…12 “Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.13 “You shall not murder. 14 “You shall not commit adultery.15 “You shall not steal.16 “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.17 “You shall not covet your neighbor's house; you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, or his male servant, or his female servant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor's.”

-The Ten Commandments, Exodus 20:2-17, ESV

No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land.

-Magna Carta, 1215

“That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal; … That election of members of Parliament ought to be free; That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament;

That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted;

That jurors ought to be duly impanelled and returned, and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders;

That all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of particular persons before conviction are illegal and void;

And that for redress of all grievances, and for the amending, strengthening and preserving of the laws, Parliaments ought to be held frequently.”

-English Bill of Rights, 1689

“All men are naturally born in a state of perfect freedom, equal and independent to act how they want to. The state of nature has a law that governs it. This law of nature obliges (requires) that no one should harm another in his natural rights to life, liberty, and property (possessions). To maintain this natural state of freedom, equality, and independence, men consent (agree) to join and unite into a community for comfortable, peaceful living, and a greater security against any others that might desire to take away or harm their natural rights. When every individual in a community has consented (agreed) to join together, they have made that community a government. Because men consent (agree) to enter into society to preserve their natural rights to life, liberty, and property, whenever the government endeavors (attempts) to take away or destroy the life, liberty, or property of the people, the government puts itself in a state of war with the people and the people are released from any further obedience to the government (they no longer have to obey the government).

-John Locke, “The Second Treatise of Government” 1689

…no inconvenience [can] be attempted by either of the three branches, but will be withstood by one of the other two; each branch being armed with a power, sufficient to repel any [action] which it shall think inexpedient or dangerous…

…when [these rights] are violated or attacked, the subjects of England are entitled, to the courts of law; to petition the king and parliament for the redress of grievances; and lastly to the right of having and using arms for self-preservation and defense…

…The protection of the LIBERTY OF BRITAIN is a duty which they owe to themselves, who enjoy it; to their ancestors, who transmitted it down; and to their posterity, who will claim at their hands this, the best birthright, and noblest inheritance of mankind…

…with regard to taxes…it is proper that [the people] should have the right of taxing themselves…

-William Blackstone, Commentaries, 1753

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

…But when a long train of abuses and usurpations [by the government], evinces a design to reduce them [people] under absolute Despotism [control], it is [the people’s] right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government.

-Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776

In every government there are three kinds of power. These are the legislative, the executive, and the judicial powers. The power of the first (legislative) is to create laws and to amend (change) those that have been already created. The power of the second (executive) is to maintain the public security by enforcing (carrying out) the laws. The power of the third (judicial) is to punish criminals and settle the disputes that arise between individuals. There would be no freedom if the same man or the same group of men controlled those three powers at once. This man or group of men would have complete control over all parts of the law. They could create tyrannical laws or enforce them like a tyrant. They could plunder (loot) the country by their general determinations (choices); and could ruin any private citizen by their particular decisions.This is why many of the kings and princes of Europe, whose goal has been to attain absolute power, have tried to unite in themselves all the branches of government.”

-Charles de Montesquieu, “The Spirit of Laws,” 1777

The Constitution- Founding Law of the Land

• Go to your textbook on pg. 796• Do not read the amendments, just the original document (to pg. 807)• Return to your matrix and add the “US Constitution” to your last

column.• As you read through the US Constitution, see which of the major

ideas are upheld in the document and mark them on your matrix . • Anything missing??• PREDICTION- What could the founders do to protect the ideals of

government?

Filling in the Gap- The Bill of Rights

• Review the following video on the Bill of Rights

Filling in the Gap- The Bill of Rights

• Review the following video on the Bill of Rights

Check for Understanding1. During what time did many philosophers come up with the new

ideas about the role of government?2. Name three documents that pushed to expand individual rights.3. What was the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

Filling in the Gap- The Bill of Rights

• Review the following video on the Bill of Rights

Check for Understanding1. During what time did many philosophers come up with the new

ideas about the role of government?

Filling in the Gap- The Bill of Rights

• Review the following video on the Bill of Rights

Check for Understanding1. During what time did many philosophers come up with the new

ideas about the role of government?-The Enlightenment

Filling in the Gap- The Bill of Rights

• Review the following video on the Bill of Rights

Check for Understanding1. During what time did many philosophers come up with the new

ideas about the role of government?-The Enlightenment

2. Name three documents that pushed to expand individual rights.

Filling in the Gap- The Bill of Rights

• Review the following video on the Bill of Rights

Check for Understanding1. During what time did many philosophers come up with the new

ideas about the role of government?-The Enlightenment

2. Name three documents that pushed to expand individual rights.-Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Virginia Declaration of Rights

Filling in the Gap- The Bill of Rights

• Review the following video on the Bill of Rights

Check for Understanding1. During what time did many philosophers come up with the new

ideas about the role of government?-The Enlightenment

2. Name three documents that pushed to expand individual rights.-Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Virginia Declaration of Rights

3. What was the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

Filling in the Gap- The Bill of Rights

• Review the following video on the Bill of Rights

Check for Understanding1. During what time did many philosophers come up with the new ideas

about the role of government?-The Enlightenment

2. Name three documents that pushed to expand individual rights.-Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Virginia Declaration of Rights

3. What was the purpose of the Bill of Rights?-To prevent tyranny

Analyzing the Bill of Rights

• Return to your matrix and add the “Bill of Rights” to your last column.• Look through Amendments 1-10 on page 807 of your textbook.• Find evidence of the founding ideals represented in these first 10

amendments and mark them on your matrix. • Write the number of the amendment that you think expresses each

ideal.

EXIT Ticket

• What are the 5 major ideals that shape government?• Give a specific example of how 1 of these major ideals shaped our

government.