Bellringer – September 23, 2014 1) Draw the following leaf and fill in the blanks for the 5 arrows. 2) In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
Post on 11-Jan-2016
213 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Bellringer – September 23, 20141) Draw the following leaf and fill in the blanks
for the 5 arrows.
2) In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
3) Try and write the FULL and BALANCED equation for photosynthesis
Photosynthesis:Life from Light and Air
AQUAPONICS
Plants are energy producers• Like animals, plants need energy to live• Unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat
food to make that energy• Plants make both food & energy– animals are consumers– plants are producers
The Process That Feeds the Biosphere
Photosynthesis the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy
Who or What? Plants and other autotrophs
They are producers of the biosphere
Plants form the base of most food chains
Plants, some bacteria and algae are photoautotrophs Use energy of sun to make organic molecules from
H2O and CO2
Some worms and bacteria are chemoautotrophs Use energy from chemicals to make organic
molecules
2 Types of Autotrophs
PhotosynthesisOccurs in plants, algae, certain other protists, some prokaryotes
They feed not only themselves, but the entire living world. (a) On land, plants are the predominant producers of food. In aquatic environments, photosynthetic organisms include (b) multicellular algae, such as this kelp; (c) some unicellular protists, such as Euglena; (d) the prokaryotes called cyanobacteria; and (e) other photosynthetic prokaryotes, such as these purple sulfur bacteria, which produce sulfur (spherical globules)
(a) Plants
(b) Multicellular algae
(c) Unicellular protist10 m
40 m(d) Cyanobacteria
1.5 m(e) Purple sulfur
bacteria
Figure 10.2
The Equation for Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis converts light energy to the chemical energy of food
Photosynthesis is summarized by this
Overall chemical equation
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Using light & air to grow plants
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2sunenergy
+ ++
glucose + oxygencarbondioxide
sunenergy+ water +
(ATP)
– using sun energy to make glucose – Then use glucose to generate ATP– using carbon dioxide from air & water from roots to make
sugar– Takes place in chloroplast– allows plants to grows and do work– makes a waste product
• oxygen
Chloroplasts: The Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants
The leaves of plants-THEY’RE GREEN!! major sites of photosynthesis, also
occurs in stems.
Chloroplasts Stroma
Dense fluid within chloroplast Dark reaction occurs here
Thylakoids Membranous sac (or “coin”) in stroma Light reactions occur here
Grana (granum = singular) Stack of thylakoids (“coins”)
The Nature of Sunlight Light
a form of electromagnetic energy, which travels in waves and particles (called photons)
Wavelength distance between crests of waves
Determines type of electromagnetic energy (wavelength & energy are inversely proportionate)
The electromagnetic spectrum The entire range of
electromagnetic energy, or radiation
Gammarays X-rays UV Infrared
Micro-waves
Radiowaves
10–5 nm 10–3 nm 1 nm 103 nm 106 nm1 m
106 nm 103 m
380 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm
Visible light
Shorter wavelengthHigher energy
Longer wavelengthLower energy
Color we SEE = color most reflected by pigment; other colors (wavelengths) are absorbedBLACK all colors are reflected
Light
ReflectedLight
Chloroplast
Absorbedlight
Granum
Transmittedlight
How do the light reactions capture solar energy?
Photosynthetic Pigments molecules that absorb visible light different pigments absorb different
wavelengths of light Many different pigments used in
light reactions of photosynthesis
Primary vs. Accessory Pigments
Primary PigmentChlorophyll a (most abundant)
Accessory (Antennae) Pigments
Chlorophyll bAnthocyaninsXanthophyllsCaratenoids
Photosynthetic pigments• Primary pigment = chlorophyll a – takes direct part in light reactions
• Accessory pigments• protect chlorophyll a from UV light damage• absorb light at wavelengths that are not absorbed by chlorophyll a• Transfer energy to chlorophyll a help broaden the absorption spectrum for photosynthesis (act as “antennae”)
The Two Stages of Photosynthesis: A Preview
• The Light reactions•NEEDS LIGHT•Light Dependent Reactions
• The Calvin cycle•A.K.A- Dark Reactions or Light Independent Reactions •DOES NOT NEED LIGHT
The Light Reactions
Occur in the grana (& thylakoids)
Convert solar energy to chemical energy
Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy Splits water release O2 (a by-product) produce ATP and NADPH (chemical energy)
The Calvin Cycle
Occurs in the stroma (gel of chloroplast)Forms SUGAR (glucose) from carbon dioxide
Carbon fixation occurs (CO2 organic carbon)
Uses ATP for energy and NADPH to carry electrons
What do plants do with the glucose?
• Use it! – They can use cellular respiration to
break glucose down and make ATP (cellular energy)
• Store it!– They can string together lots of
glucose molecules to form starches (stored energy) or cellulose (strong fibers that support cell walls)
An overview of photosynthesis
H2O CO2
Light
LIGHT REACTIONS
CALVINCYCLE
Chloroplast[CH2O](sugar)
NADPH
NADP
ADP+ P
O2
ATP
Photosynthesis
This is the equation you are used to seeing, but this is not the whole story…
+ water + energy glucose + oxygencarbondioxide
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2lightenergy
+ ++
top related