Cell Organelle Notes
Cell Organelles
•READ THE MESSAGE BELOW!!!!!
• You should already know all of the cell organelles and their functions, but just in case you forgot, the following slides will give you the name and function of the cell organelles that you need to know.
Cell Membrane• Function: is to control what goes in
and out of the cell. • This means cell membranes are
selectively permeable.
Mitochondria• Mitochondria are scattered
throughout the cytoplasm.• Function: makes energy (ATP)• The more ATP a cell needs the more
mitochondria it will have in the cytoplasm.– Ex. Liver cells and muscle cells
Ribosomes• Ribosomes are the most numerous
organelles in the cell.• Function: produce proteins.• Some ribosomes are inserted into
membrane of endoplasmic reticulum (called Rough E.R.)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• The ER functions as an intracellular highway, is a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• A cell has 2 types of ER:• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough
ER): which produces large amounts of proteins to be exported.– Has ribosome in membrane (makes it rough)
• Smooth ER: is used to synthesis steroids in gland cells, regulate calcium in muscles, and break down toxins in liver cells.
Golgi Apparatus• Golgi Apparatus
Function: processes, packages, and secrets proteins in the cell to prepare them for export.
Lysosomes• Lysosomes Function: are spherical
organelles that digest proteins, carbs, lipids, DNA, RNA, organelles, and viruses.
• Lysosomes are like the clean up crew for the cell. (Garbage men).
Cilia and Flagella• Cilia (hair like)• Flagella (tail like)• Function:
organelles that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement.
Cilia and Flagella• Cilia are also found on the surfaces
of cells in multicellular organisms.• Where can they be found on human
cell surfaces?• On cells lining your respiratory tract• They trap particles from the air you
inhale.
Nucleus• Nucleus function:• 1. Stores
hereditary information in its DNA.
• 2. Site where RNA is copied from DNA
• 3. Contains the nucleolus
Nucleus• Most nucleus
contain one spherical area inside the nucleus called the Nucleolus.
• Nucleolus – is where you find all of the DNA.
Plant Cells• Plant cell have 3 additional parts.• 1. Cell walls• 2. Vacuoles• 3. Plastids• All are important to plant functions.
Cell Walls• Cell Wall - lies
outside the cell membrane.
• The cell wall function: helps support and protects the cell.
• The cell wall is mostly made up of cellulose, a type of carbohydrate.
Vacuoles• Vacuoles function –
is a store molecules like enzymes, wastes, and mostly water.
• Can take up to 90% of the cells space.