Bell Ringer : Match the advantages to the appropriate side
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Bell Ringer: Match the advantages to the appropriate side
Students will review the beginning events of the Civil War
Students will understand the significance of key events and battles in the Civil War
Students will complete a graphic organizer on the Civil War using their notes
Objectives:
Characteristics of the North
Nickname: Union or Yankees
Uniform Color: Blue
Reasons for Fighting: ◦End slavery◦Preserve the power of the nation/union
1)Larger population2)Banks/money3)Industry4)Railroads5)Established military6)Established central government
Advantages of the North
North: Key Generals
1) George McClellan
3) Ulysses S. Grant
3) Ambrose Burnside
2) Roger Sherman
Nickname: ConfederatesUniform Color: Grey Reasons for fighting:
◦Defend slavery◦Defend states’ rights◦Protect homes
Characteristics of the South
Advantages of the South1)Fighting on home turf2)Had a cause to fight for3)Strong military leaders (Robert E.
Lee)4)Knew how to ride horses and use
firearms5)Possibility of foreign aid (Cotton
diplomacy)
6) James Ewell Brown “JEB” Stuart
South: Key Generals
1) Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
2) Robert E. Lee
4) George Pickett 5) Ambrose P. Hill
3) James Longstreet
1) Fort Sumter (April 1861) – First shots fired in the Civil War in South Carolina◦Confederates capture fort
Virginia secedes 5 days later; splits into two states as a result
Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina follow VA soon after
The Civil War Begins
Southern states that seceded from the Union: ◦ South Carolina ◦Mississippi ◦Florida ◦Alabama◦Georgia ◦Louisiana
To secede or not to secede….
oTennesseeoTexas oVirginia
Border states that still practiced slavery but that remained in the Union: ◦Delaware◦Kentucky◦Missouri◦Maryland
To secede or not to secede….
Free states: ◦CA◦CT◦IL◦IN◦IA◦KS◦ME◦MA
To secede or not to secede….
◦MI◦MN◦NH◦NJ◦NY◦OH◦OR◦PA◦RI
◦VT◦WV◦WI
1) Two-pronged blockade of Confederacy
by cutting off the Atlantic and Gulf ports
2) Sent naval gunboats down Mississippi River to capture New Orleans
This would cut off the south geographically and economically
Northern strategy: Anaconda Plan
3) Armies would then capture theConfederate capital of Richmond,
Virginia -The issue was the Southern coastline; was difficult to navigate and had 180 ports – the Union navy had few ships to spare
-Plan was approved by Lincoln but was unsuccessful
Northern strategy: Anaconda Plan
Virginia, 1861: First major battle of the war; Confederate victory
Union soldiers march from Washington D.C. towards Richmond
◦They are cut off by Confederates and retreat towards D.C.
Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)
Before this point, Northerners assumed it would be a quick battle; picnickers gathered at the battle site
Outcome: After the battle, both the North and South soon realized this would be a long and bloody war
Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)
Maryland, 1862: Lee invades the North in an attempt to surprise Washington D.C.
His plans are intercepted by Union troops under General McClellan
Battle is a standoff, but the South retreat (therefore counting it as a Union victory)
Battle of Antietam
Outcome: Is considered the bloodiest single day of the Civil War (26,000 + casualties)
Gives Lincoln opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
Battle of Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation Issued by Lincoln after Union victory at Antietam
Abolished slavery in every Confederate state; however it freed only the slaves in rebellion states
Allowed black soldiers to enlist in the Union army
Gave the North a ‘human cause’ to fight for
Battle of GettysburgPennsylvania, 1863: Lee attempts a second invasion into the North to get the fighting out of Virginia
The North under Meade defeats Lee to gain a Union victory
Is the bloodiest battle of the war (48,000 dead in 3-day battle)
South surrenders after fighting an uphill battle
Outcomes: Is the turning point of the war- started a winning streak for the North
Last attempt by the South to attack the North (crippled the South significantly)
Foreign aid will not be given to the South
Battle of Gettysburg
Issued by Lincoln following the Battle of Gettysburg
Described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation dedicated to the idea that “all men are created equal”
America was “one nation”, not a collection of sovereign states
Gettysburg Address
Mississippi, 1863: Grant attempts to cut the South in half by capturing the Mississippi River
Attacks the southern city for 7 weeks
The fall of Vicksburg was said to have “broken the backbone of the South”
Battle of Vicksburg
Battle of the Ironclads: The Monitor and the Merrimac
Outcomes: Starving people of Vicksburg surrender; South is divided
Union forces controlled the Mississippi River
Morale boost for the Union Ulysses S. Grant proved his worth as a Union general
Battle of Vicksburg
Virginia, 1864: Grant attempts to march on Richmond
Lee stopped Grant, but the battle became the bloodiest hour of the war
7,000 men died in an hourOutcomes: Technology outpaced tactics; weapons became too efficient for the method of fighting
Cold Harbor
Sherman’s MarchGeneral Sherman leads a 60 mile march from Atlanta, GA, to Savannah, GA
Destroys railroad tracks and cuts the South off from receiving supplies
Ends up burning down the city of Atlanta to the ground
Path of destruction left behind devastates the South
Virginia, 1865:Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant
Signals the end of the Civil War Lee urges Southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans
Grant urged the North not to be harsh with former Confederates
Appomattox Courthouse
War was literally fought “brother against brother” ◦Family members often fought against each other, as well as friends vs. friends
Disease was as much of a killer as was actual fighting
Combat was brutal and often man-to-man
Effects of the war:
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