Beacon gis public safety planning

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Public Safety Planning with GIS

Learn to work with emergency services Learn the jargon, abbreviations, and

acronyms Be familiar with their particular

performance objectives Discern ways of using GIS to aid their

decision making process.

Cities & Towns can be proactive Planning Zoning Engineering Comprehensive plans Future land use

Emergency Services are reactive

Police, Fire, EMS, EM

What do I know?

Working Together

Are your city managers and department heads in the same building?

And what about the…. Police chief? Fire Chief? EMS Director? Emergency Management Coordinator?

Working together

Do your comprehensive/strategic plans… Include emergency services? More than just an description of existing

assets and or current production? Does it include future planning for these

services as your community is projected to change?

Does it include GIS analysis mapping for emergency services?

Emergency Services Planning Where you are now (Current Conditions

Evaluation) Where you’re going (Jurisdictional

Assessment) Where you need to be (Future Needs

Planning)

Law Enforcement

Crime Analysis Resource Distribution Demographics & Socioeconomics Response Performance

Law Enforcement

Crime Analysis Spatial Distribution of incidents Density of events Relative crime risk Offender behavior in time & Space Geographical profiling ‘crime travel’

Law Enforcement

Resource Deployment Per capita

100 most populous cities avg. 22 officers per 10,000 population.

Minimum-staffing Management/labor agreement. May disregard

peak loads Authorized level

Budgetary Workload based (aka Peak load staffing)

Single or double staffed cars

Law Enforcement

Demographics & Socioeconomics Who commits what crime Who uses the police

Age, race, ethnicity Income, housing prices, vacancies

Where is crime committed In addition to above… Types of businesses/property

Law Enforcement

Response Performance “Differential Police Response” based on

research. A rapid response to a serious crime = arrest <

5% Most crimes w/ no witnesses/evidence citizens

willing to phone a report. Biggest factor: The response matched

community expectation even if lengthy. No national standards, performance based on

incident outcomes rather than time responsiveness.

Emergency Medical Services

Demand analysis Unit deployment Demographics &

Socioeconomics Response

Performance

Emergency Medical Services Demand Analysis

Frequent Fliers Chronic illnesses Elderly Care

Facilities Criticality Temporal changes

Emergency Medical Services Unit deployment

Unit Hour Utilization Static vs. Dynamic Peak Load staffing Response Time Goals Simultaneous Events Rule of thumb

9 – 12% of the ‘effective’ population will need an ambulance.

Emergency Medical Services

Demographics & Socioeconomics Elderly Insurance

Emergency Medical Services Response

Performance Criticality NFPA 1710 Stated goals

National Medical Assns.

Trauma Heart Attack Stroke Cardiac Arrest

Emergency Medical Services Out of chute

From dispatch to wheels rolling.

Turnaround Amount of time

spent at the hospital Affects total unit

availability. Often respond

from here.

Fire Suppression

First Responder Medical

Structural risk Insurance rates NFPA Guidelines Effective Firefighting

Force Permitting &

Inspections Resource

Deployment

Structural Risk

Based upon land use Varies from high

risk (industrial property) to low risk (large lot single family residential)

Building size and construction translate into Needed Fire Flow Rates.

There goes a fire truck!

Fire Engine (pumper)

Fire Truck (Ladder, aerial)

Insurance Rates

Insurance Services Organization (ISO) Ratings affect premiums. Hydrant Availability Engines 1.5 miles Truck 2.5 miles Over 5 miles (Uncovered)

National Fire Protection Association NFPA 1710

(career) Five minutes, 90th

percentile Flashover Confined to

contents in room Turnout Time

1:20 No criticality yet.

National Fire Protection Association

NFPA 1720 (volunteer or partial paid/combination) Population based

Urban >1000/SqMi, 9mins/15 FF, 90th percentile

Suburban 500-1000/SqMi, 10mins/10 FF, 80th percentile

Rural < 500/SqMi, 14 mins/9 FF, 80th percentile

Remote Travel > 8 miles, No time goal/6 FF

Effective Firefighting Force

Fires require multiple apparatus from a number of spatially distant stations.

Usually 2 Engines, 1 Truck, 1 EMS, deputy chief (13-15ffs)

Can show apparatus or staff levels

Resource Deployment

“Standing Army” Positioned to

protect property “Move-up”

routines to fill areas for other units on calls

Emergency Management

Natural Hazards Man-made

Disasters Evacuation

Routing

Emergency Management

Natural Hazards Flooding Hurricanes Tornadoes Snowstorms Tsunami’s Landslide Avalanche Earthquake

Man-made Disasters Structural failure Transportation Explosion/spills Terrorism Critical

Infrastructure

Natural Disasters

FEMA Threat Hazard

Identification Risk Assessment (THIRA)

Hazus-MH Loss & Damage

Estimation

Man-made Disasters

NOAA Cameo Aloha Marplot/ESRI add-

on Defense Threat

Reduction Agency (DTRA) CATS HPAC

Evacuation Routing

Population Travel Time??? Road capacity Shelter Path

GIS: Mutual Aid

Resources outside jurisdictional borders that can be utilized to support emergency service operations.

GIS: Event mapping

Raster Density vs pinmap Repeat offenders Apartment

addresses High collision

intersections Public venue

Mall Airport

GIS: Geo-coding

Multiple CAD providers and output types Uniform reporting

NFIRS NEMSIS

User inputs Address points vs. estimation

Intersection incidents Lat/Long

GIS: Travel Models

Complete streets Connectivity Speed parameter Time Penalties Physical Barriers

Natural Hydrology

Man-made Railroads / Highways

GIS:Coverage stats

Full 5 Mile ISO coverage? No No Yes Yes Yes YesCurrent Service Demand Coverage 85% 85% 95% 98% 98% 97%

% Station 1 Workload per Scenario 100% 99.9% 84% 85% 85% 86%Projected Service Demand Coverage 63% 67% 89% 93% 99.8% 96%

Forecast % Station 1 Workload per Scenario 100% 94% 61% 61% 62% 65%Road Miles 49.67 52.69 79.07 85.31 90.03 85.03Parcel Coverage % 65% 67% 87% 90% 96% 89%

Davidson ETJ 5 Minute Travel Time Coverage Performance

ScenariosStation 1

alonewith

Odell FRwith Stn.

2Awith Stn.

2Bwith Stn.

2Cwith Stn.

Planning: Jurisdictional Assessment Population Projections New Development Municipal Annexations

Planning: Future Needs

Resource Deployment Scenarios

Vulnerability Risk IndexFuture

Land Use

Projected

Population

Expected

Demand

Economic

outlook

Wrap-up: Reactive vs. Planning

Questions?

Robert McNally, MA, BA, FF, NREMTP (Ret)

FEMA Certified Hazus Professional

704-607-5882Robert@BeaconGIS.net

www.BeaconGIS.net

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