Transcript
BASIC DERMATOLOGYBASIC DERMATOLOGYHaseeb AhmedHaseeb Ahmed
2008-982008-98
Dermatology Dermatology Skin (Integument)Skin (Integument) Largest tissueLargest tissue Vital functionsVital functions Skin failureSkin failure Shock, collapse, deathShock, collapse, death Steven Johnson syndromeSteven Johnson syndrome Burns Burns
SKIN STRUCTURESKIN STRUCTURE
THREE LAYERS OF SKINTHREE LAYERS OF SKIN
EPIDERMISEPIDERMIS DERMISDERMIS SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUESUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE
EPIDERMISEPIDERMISFOUR LAYERSFOUR LAYERS
STRATUM CORNEUMSTRATUM CORNEUM STRATUM GRANULOSUMSTRATUM GRANULOSUM STRATUM SPINOSUMSTRATUM SPINOSUM STRATUM BASALESTRATUM BASALE
EPIDERMAL CELLSEPIDERMAL CELLS KERATINOCYTESKERATINOCYTES LANGERHAN’S CELLSLANGERHAN’S CELLS MELANOCYTESMELANOCYTES NEUROCEPTERSNEUROCEPTERS
Epidermal proteinsEpidermal proteins
KeratinKeratin FillagrinFillagrin ProfillagrinProfillagrin
DERMOEPIDERMAL DERMOEPIDERMAL JUNCTIONJUNCTION
THROWN INTO FOLDSTHROWN INTO FOLDS
DERMAL PAPPILLAEDERMAL PAPPILLAE
DERMISDERMIS
TWO PARTSTWO PARTS
PAPPILLARY DERMISPAPPILLARY DERMIS
RETICULAR DERMISRETICULAR DERMIS
DERMAL ELEMENTSDERMAL ELEMENTS
FIBRESFIBRES
COLLAGENCOLLAGEN ELASTINELASTIN RETICULINRETICULIN
DERMAL ELEMENTSDERMAL ELEMENTS
CELLSCELLS LYMPHOCYTESLYMPHOCYTES MACROPHAGESMACROPHAGES HISTIOCYTESHISTIOCYTES PLASMACELLSPLASMACELLS MAST CELLSMAST CELLS BASOPHILSBASOPHILS
APPENDAGESAPPENDAGES
HAIR FOLLICLESHAIR FOLLICLES SEBACEOUS GLANDSSEBACEOUS GLANDS SWEAT GLANDSSWEAT GLANDS NAILSNAILS
Pilosebaceous unitPilosebaceous unit
Hair follicles (slanting position)Hair follicles (slanting position) Sebaceous glands (sebum )Sebaceous glands (sebum )
Sweat glandsSweat glands
Apocrine (flexures)Apocrine (flexures) Eccerine Eccerine
Functions of skin Functions of skin
Protective barrierProtective barrier Environment Environment Temperature regulationTemperature regulation Immune functionsImmune functions First line of defence First line of defence Immune cellsImmune cells
Excretory functionsExcretory functions Waste materials, drugs, Waste materials, drugs, Electrolyte balanceElectrolyte balance Sweat Sweat Fluid balanceFluid balance Sweat Sweat
Metabolic functionsMetabolic functions Metabolic processesMetabolic processes Store house of caloriesStore house of calories Hormonal functionsHormonal functions Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) Vitamin E (Tocopherol)Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
NeuroceptionNeuroception Receptors Dermoepidermal Receptors Dermoepidermal
junctionjunction Functions of modified structures Functions of modified structures
e.g.e.g. Hair, nailsHair, nails
MACULEMACULEAltered skin color less than Altered skin color less than 1 cm1 cm
PATCHPATCH Altered skin color more Altered skin color more than 1 cmthan 1 cm
PAPULEPAPULEPalpable lesion less than 1 Palpable lesion less than 1 cmcm
PLAQUEPLAQUE Palpable lesion more than 1 Palpable lesion more than 1 cmcm
VESICLEVESICLEWater filled lesion less than Water filled lesion less than 1 cm1 cm
BULLAEBULLAE Water filled lesion more Water filled lesion more than 1 cmthan 1 cm
PUSTULEPUSTULE Pus filled lesion Pus filled lesion
NODULENODULELesion 1 cm raised 1cm Lesion 1 cm raised 1cm broad broad
Excoriation/Scratch Excoriation/Scratch marks/Erosion marks/Erosion
Discontinuity of outer three layers Discontinuity of outer three layers of epidermis of epidermis
EXCORIATIONEXCORIATION
Erosion/Scratch markErosion/Scratch mark
Ulcer Ulcer
Discontinuity of outer three layers Discontinuity of outer three layers of epidermis with breakdown of of epidermis with breakdown of Dermoepidermal junctionDermoepidermal junction
ULCERULCER
ANNULAR LESIONANNULAR LESIONCircular lesion skin inside Circular lesion skin inside normal normal
LINEAR LESIONLINEAR LESIONLesions in one lineLesions in one line
HIVES (URTICARIAHIVES (URTICARIATransient erythematous Transient erythematous weals)weals)
ERYTHEMAERYTHEMALocalized rednessLocalized redness
ERYTHRODERMAERYTHRODERMARedness of 90% skin surface Redness of 90% skin surface areaarea
PURPURAPURPURABleeding into skin Bleeding into skin
HYPOPIGMENTATIONHYPOPIGMENTATIONSkin color less Skin color less
HYPERPIGMENTATIONHYPERPIGMENTATIONDarker colorDarker color
DEPIGMENTATIONDEPIGMENTATIONLoss of pigmentLoss of pigment
Lichenification Lichenification Thickening of skin with prominent Thickening of skin with prominent
skin creasesskin creases
Hstologicaly outer 3 layers Hstologicaly outer 3 layers thickened but basement thickened but basement membrane remains normalmembrane remains normal
TELENGIECTASIATELENGIECTASIADilated visible blood Dilated visible blood vesselsvessels
ATROPHYATROPHY
Scabies Scabies SARCOPTES SCABEIISARCOPTES SCABEII Burrow / vesicleBurrow / vesicle Genitals / fingure webs / toe websGenitals / fingure webs / toe webs Palms / solesPalms / soles
SCABIESSCABIES
SARCOPTES SARCOPTES SCABEIISCABEII
BURROWBURROW
Measles Measles
VIRAL INFECTIONVIRAL INFECTION Maculopapular eruptionMaculopapular eruption TrunkTrunk Febrile Febrile
MEASLESMEASLES
CHICKEN POXCHICKEN POXPolymorphic rashPolymorphic rashVARICELLA ZOSTERVARICELLA ZOSTER
SYSTEMIC LUPUS SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUSERYTHEMATOSUSBUTTER FLY RASHBUTTER FLY RASH
Butterfly rashButterfly rash
Facial erythema Facial erythema
Raynaud’s Raynaud’s phenomenonphenomenon
Photosensitivity Photosensitivity
Photodermatitis Photodermatitis
Cheiltis Cheiltis
Oral ulcersOral ulcers
Lupus hairLupus hair
Livedoreticularis Livedoreticularis
Purpura Purpura
Acne Acne MULTIMORPHIC MULTIMORPHIC
LESIONSLESIONS
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