Bacteria & Viruses
Post on 18-Feb-2016
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BACTERIA & VIRUSES
Biology
Objective 4.03Assess, describe, & explain adaptations
affecting survival & reproductive success in disease-causing viruses & microorganisms.
2 Bacteria Kingdoms Archaebacteria
Harsh environment
High temperatures
High salinity Acidic
Eubacteria
Everywhere else
General Structure of Bacteria
Prokaryotic No nucleus or membrane bound organelles Lots of ribosomes Thick cell wall Circular chromosomes (DNA)
Reproduce by binary fission Asexual reproduction Makes an exact copy
Binary Fission
Bacteria…Good, Bad or Both? Bacteria is
good! food (yogurt) medicines
(insulin) recycles
nutrients decompose nitrogen
fixation
Bacteria is bad! Decay/rot food Rot teeth Cause disease/ infections
(strep throat)
Antibiotics are used to clear up bacterial infections.
Viruses Considered to be
nonliving because it cannot reproduce on its own
General Structure Protein coat on the outside
Nucleic acid on the inside (DNA or RNA)
Examples of Viruses Influenza- the flu HIV- AIDS Varicella- chicken pox & shingles Polio virus- polio Rubella or measles- measles Rhinovirus- cold
Reproductive Cycles
Lytic Cycle Virus DNA enters the host cell
Hijacks host to make DNA and protein
Puts virus together Cell bursts and releases virus
Virus is active: OUTBREAK!
Reproductive Cycles
Lysogenic Cycle Very similar to lytic cycle Virus DNA is integrated into
host cell Cell eventually ruptures with
new virus after several generations
Virus is dormant: HIDDEN!
Our Immune System Responsible for protecting the body from
disease
Lines of Defense 1st line: skin
Acts as a barrier
2nd line: cells release chemicals blood flow to invaded region increases white blood cells attack the invaders.
3rd line: Involves attacking pathogens macrophages B cells T cells
Types of Immunity
Active Immunity Exposed to disease Develop disease and become immune Longer lasting
Passive Immunity Injected with antibody that another organism made Not permanent
Vaccinations are given to induce artificial immunity
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