ATL I: Ablative and Accusative

ATL I: ABLATIVE AND

ACCUSATIVE

ADVANCED ABLATIVES Salvius, cum de morte regis audivisset,

e castris discessit. Salvius, when he had heard about the death

of the king, left the camp. You are used to the ablative with a

preposition but you don’t always need a preposition.

Sometimes the ablative can stand alone and imply a preposition.

EXAMPLES miles, vulnere impeditus, tandem cessit.

iuvenis, gladio armatus, ad castra contendit.

servi, catenis vincti, in fundo laborabant.

cattus, poculā inculsus, erat iratus.

FURTHER EXAMPLES1. Salvius, audaciā Belimici attonitus,

nihil dixit. 2. mercator, fustibus verberatus, in fossa

exanimatus iacebat. 3. milites, vallo defensi, barbarīs diu

resistebant. 4. uxor mea anulum, gemmīs ornatum,

emit. 5. hospites, arte ancillae delectati,

plauserunt.

canis, polypo captus, exclamavit “fer auxilium mihi!”

ABLATIVE OF TIME (WHEN) nona hora ad aulam venit.

He came to the palace in the ninth hour.

decimo die discessit. He left on the tenth day.

In these examples the ablative is being used to indicate time when.

octo die iter facimus.

ACCUSATIVE OF TIME (DURATION) multos annos hīc habito

duas horas laborabant.

In these examples the accusative is used to indicate a duration or extent of time. Latin uses the accusative case with no preposition.

tres dies sumus in lamā.

EXAMPLES1. hospites tres horas cenabant. 2. quarto die revenit rex3. Agricola provinciam septem annos

administrabat. 4. secunda hora libertus Memorem

excitare temptavit. 5. media nocte hostes castra nostra

oppugnaverunt. 6. sex dies navigabamus; septimo die ad

portum advenimus.