Aspects of Wind Power Integration SCADA/GMS/EMS …power+presentation_rui+silva_oct+6th.pdf · Aspects of Wind Power Integration SCADA/GMS/EMS Focus ... Wind Turbine Technology ...

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Network Manager GMS ForumAspects of Wind Power IntegrationSCADA/GMS/EMS Focus

Rui SilvaOctober 6th, 2010

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Topics

•Why wind power is important

•WT technology and local WF control

•Wind power forecasting

•Centralized dispatch (GenCo) and system security (TSO) with wind power

• AGC, Network Analysis (N-1), and HMI

• Implementation issues

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Why Wind Power is Important for GenCos and TSOs

•Latest generation of WTs can be controlled and therefore dispatched. Good wind power forecast industry experience and results.

•Large amounts of wind power available and more under construction.

• Reduced system operation costs through centralized monitoring and control of WFs

• Can represent a significant part of a given GenCo trading portfolio• Can be used in support or as part of regulation portfolio trading

•Regulatory environment (trading rules) and Grid Codes are changing to accompany technology improvements (and subsidy reductions!)

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Wind Turbine Technology

•Fixed speed wind turbine• Uses a Squirrel Cage Induction Generator• Directly connected to grid (through a soft starter)• Needs capacitor banks for reactive power compensation• Usually no possibility to control the output power (active stall)

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Wind Turbine Technology

•Double fed asynchronous generator• Stator directly connected to the grid• Power converter in the rotor circuit

o allows for variable speed, hence better caption of energy from wind• Pitch control of blades provides a range of active power controllability

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Wind Turbine Technology

•Full power converter• Many type of generators can be used

o Synchronous generator o Asynchronous generator

• With and without gearbox depending on generator design • Full power converter between the generator and the grid

o whole power is processed by power electronics• Pitch control allows variety of active power controls

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Wind Farm Control

WTController

WT 1WT 2

WT 3

WT n

WTController

Wind FarmController

Wind Farm

P, QPa, Qa

SCADA EMS/GMS

P QPa Qa

P* Q*

P*Q*

Wind FarmSCADA

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Wind Power Forecasting

•Wind is stochastic but not unpredictable•Wind power prediction tools exist

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Wind Power Forecasting

•Complex process involving• Wind turbine modelling• Meteorological modelling• Terrain modelling

•Different approaches• Physical • Statistical• Combined

Source: ANEMOS, EU Project

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Wind Power Forecasting

•Forecasting horizon and accuracy (average values)

• Intra-day (hour ahead) 4 – 7% • Day ahead 8 – 12%

•Wind power can be predicted up to 10 days ahead

•Probability of forecasts also provided

Source: ISET, Germany

Source: Energy & Meteo GmbH, Germany

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Network Manager Wind Power Applications

AGC ReservesCalculation

ContingencyAnalysis

Data AcquisitionControls

Numerical WeatherPredictionMeteo Stations

Weather data

MeasuredWind Power & Local Weather

Time series of forecasts

Rules &Regulations

Definition ofcontingency

cases based on windvariability

Short CircuitAnalysis

Model

SCADA

Wind PowerForecasting

Tool(Third party provider)

Wind FarmController

UnitCommitment

Wind FarmSCADA

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Network Manager AGC Applications

•Connects to wind farm controller and remotely operates the wind farm

•Models possible control options•Uses wind power forecast in a similar way as STLF for dispatch

•Reserve calculations consider wind power participation and production forecast

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Network Manager Wind Power AGC Control Modes

•Maximum Active Power Extraction

o Wind turbine extracts always the maximum power from wind

o Is the most common used because wind power is considered free

o Almost always combined with ramp rate control (required by grid codes)

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Network Manager Wind Power AGC Control Modes

•Power limitationo Wind turbine maximum power is

limited to a specific valueo It can be used in a windy day in

countries/control zones with high penetration of wind

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Network Manager Wind Power AGC Control Modes

•Balance controlo Reference power of wind turbine

can be changed according to power system needs

o Wind power participates in power system management

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Network Manager Wind Power AGC Control Modes

•Delta controlo wind turbine runs under the

available wind powero ratio defined as delta and can be

controllableo enables wind power to participate

in upwards frequency control

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Other Possible Control Strategies

• Active and reactive power• Frequency control• Voltage control• Power factor control

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Network Manager Wind Power Reserve Calculations

“Non-Spinning” Reserve Contribution Model showing “Ramp-Rate” concept

Thermal vs. Wind Resources

“Spinning” reserves based on real-time data“Non-spinning” reserves uses forecast data

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Network Manager Network Analysis (N-1, system security) with Wind Power

•+/- ΔP at single farm, e.g. 50/100 % drop•+/- ΔP at a group of wind farms•+/- ΔP in a defined area, spread over all wind farms in that area

•Append WF +/- ΔP with other WF outage events

•Use of forecasted wind generation in predictive contingency routine

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Network Manager Wind Power Displays

Arrows show wind direction and speed.Background color highlights speeds that exceed a given threshold

Weather Radar Information superimposed on power system geographical displays

Similar displays are possible to show actual/forecasted wind power production

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Network Manager Wind Power Displays

00:00 00:00 00:00 00:000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10x 10

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Time of Day (UTC)

Hou

rly p

rodu

ctio

n (k

Wh)

CWP - Wind Power Production

80% ConfidenceForecastedCurrent TimeActual

Forecast Accuracy Monitoring Power Production

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Centralized Wind Power Management System

WIND FARM 1

LocalSCADA

WT.nWT.1

WIND FARM N

LocalSCADA

WT.nWT.1

RTUComms

SCADA

AGC

WPMS

WindProductionForecast

NetworkAnalysis

RTU communications (IEC, DNP, OPC)

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Centralized WPMS – Implementation Issues

•Availability of communications• Remoteness of WF

•WF vs. WT model and detailed information• ”System Dispatch/Remote vs. ”System Operator/Owner/Local”

issues

•WT model standardization• IEC 61400-25 (draft)

•National grid codes and regulatory environment (i.e., trading rules)

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