Transcript
Ms. Susan M. PojerMatt López
Ms. Susan M. PojerMatt López
Essential Question:Essential Question:
Champion of the
“Common Man”?
“King”Andrew?OR
Voting Requirements in the Early 19th
Century
Voting Requirements in the Early 19th
Century
Voter Turnout: 1820 – 1860
2008: ~56%
Voter Turnout: 1820 – 1860
2008: ~56%
Why Increased Democratization?
Why Increased Democratization?
3 White male suffrage increased
3 Party nominating committees.
3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.
3 Spoils system.
3 Rise of Third Parties.
3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)
3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:
Dem-Reps Natl. Reps.(1828) Whigs (1832) Republicans (1854)
Democrats (1828)
Born in a log cabin in???
Born in a log cabin in???
http://www.wistv.com/Global/story.asp?S=14219625
Scarred during Revolution for refusing to shine British
officer’s boots
First Known Painting, 1815
Scarred during Revolution for refusing to shine British
officer’s boots
First Known Painting, 1815
General Jackson During the Seminole Wars
General Jackson During the Seminole Wars
The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate
The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate
Jackson’s Opponents in 1824
Jackson’s Opponents in 1824
Henry Clay[KY]
John Quincy Adams[MA]
John C. Calhoun[SC]
William H. Crawford[GA]
A “Corrupt Bargain?”
A “Corrupt Bargain?”
Candidate Popular VoteElectoral
Vote
Andrew Jackson 43% 99
J.Q. Adams 31% 84
William Crawford 13% 41
Henry Clay 13% 37
Four presidents took office without winning the popular vote; elected, instead, by the electoral college or in the case of John Quincy Adams by the House of Representatives after a tie in the electoral votes. They were:
• John Quincy Adams who lost by 44,804 votes to Andrew Jackson -1824 • Rutherford B. Hayes who lost by 264,292 votes to Samuel J. Tilden -1876 • Benjamin Harrison who lost by 95,713 votes to Grover Cleveland -1888
• George W. Bush who lost by 543,816 votes to Al Gore - 2000
Fast Forward 4 years to election of 1828…
1828 Election Results1828 Election Results
The Center of Population:
Country Moves WEST
The Center of Population:
Country Moves WEST
Rachel JacksonRachel Jackson
Final Divorce DecreeJackson in Mourning for His WifeJackson in Mourning for His Wife
The New “Jackson Coalition”
The New “Jackson Coalition”
3 The Planter Elite in the South
3 People on the Frontier
3 State Politicians – spoils system
3 Immigrants in the cities.
Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man”
Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man”3 Intense distrust of Eastern
“establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege.
3 His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.”
3 Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.
The Reign of “King Mob”
The Reign of “King Mob”
Andrew Jackson as President
Andrew Jackson as President
Spoils System
• President Jackson spoiled his friends and supporters by offering them government jobs.
• He also listened to close friends, not the cabinet,
• his “kitchen cabinet”
The “Peggy Eaton Affair”The “Peggy Eaton Affair”
The Webster-Hayne DebateThe Webster-Hayne Debate
Sen. Daniel Webster
[MA]
Sen. Robert Hayne[SC]
Clash over States’ Rights over Western land sales
Clash over States’ Rights over Western land sales
Abominations and
Nullification
The United States was trying to help its young factory system grow.
It did so by trying to encourage Americans to buy stuff made in American factories, not European factories,
which are usually cheaper.
Where are the factories?
How can they get Americans to buy more expensive American
manufactured goods?
Protective
Tariffs
Protective Tariffs (tax) help American factories by making foreign made goods cost more.
European Shirt
$8
American Shirt
$10
Which shirt would you buy?+ $3(tariff) = $11
The southern states hated the protective tariffs and call it the Tariffs of Abominations. Why?
1. The south grew cotton, sent it to Europe, then bought the finished goods from them. The tariffs made them cost more
2. Europe might get mad and make its own tariffs…. Bad for U.S. businesses.
3. The south saw the tariff as an example of growing power of the Federal government.
Would the Federal government also try to end slavery soon?????????
Most factories are in the north, so how did
protective tariffs help the south?
They really didn’t.
Nullification CRISIS
Nullify - to make void, cancel
Vice-President Calhoun was from
South Carolina.
What do you think he thought of the tariffs?
V.P. Calhoun said a state should be able to nullify a national law (like the tariff law) by declaring it unconstitutional.
The South Carolina legislature liked his idea.
A lot of other people didn’t, so The U.S. Congress debated the issue for
weeks.
Should a state be able to ignore a national law if it
wants to?
What could this mean?
What will President
Jackson do?
?
President Jackson went to a fancy dinner party with all the other cool Washingtonians.
Vice-President Calhoun was also there.
Jackson was asked to make a toast.
Jackson stood up and said,
“Our Federal Union: It must be preserved!”
(He is basically telling South Carolina to stop whining.)
Vice-President Calhoun then stood up.
His response toast:
“The Union, next to our (the states’) liberty most dear.”
(He is basically telling Jackson to …?)
In 1832, Congress lowered the tariff, hoping to make South Carolina happy.
South Carolina said it would only be happy with a complete repeal of the
tariff.
It didn’t work.
Later that year, a convention met in South Carolina. The convention:
- nullified the Tariff of 1828.
- said no Federal Customs could be collected in S.C.
- threatened to secede (leave) from the Union if Federal government tried to collect tariffs.
Calhoun then resigned the vice-presidency to become a senator from S.C.
Some people called Calhoun the
“First President of the Southern Confederacy,”
even though he really wasn’t.
...Jackson forces a compromise.He has Congress pass two bills.
• Bill # 1 gives Jackson the power to use Federal troops to collect taxes and duties in South Carolina.
• Bill #2 lowers the amount of the tariff, even though South Carolina already said they wouldn’t pay anything.
It appeared that fighting was inevitable, but South Carolina eventually backed down.
South Carolina didn’t have the support of any other southern
states..
Everyone breathed a sigh of relief.
Another crisis was averted...
...for a little while.
WATCH THE “VIDEO” FOR TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS
Clip 5 – 5:50 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=fPFshUZxpVs#t=353s
Clip 6 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=c4OUlKnWN1M
Indian RemovalIndian Removal3 Jackson’s Goal?
3 1830 Indian Removal Act
3 Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation”
3 Worcester v. GA (1832)
3 Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!
The Cherokee Nation After 1820
The Cherokee Nation After 1820
Indian RemovalIndian Removal
Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
Jackson’s Professed “Love” for American Indians
Jackson’s Professed “Love” for American Indians
Jackson’s Use of Federal Power
Jackson’s Use of Federal Power
VETO
1830 Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]
The National Bank Debate
The National Bank Debate
NicholasBiddle
PresidentJackson
Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
“Soft”(paper) $
“Soft”(paper) $
“Hard”(specie) $“Hard”
(specie) $
3 state bankers feltit restrained theirbanks from issuingbank notes freely.
3 supported rapid economic growth & speculation.
3 felt that coin was the only safecurrency.
3 didn’t like any bankthat issued banknotes.
3 suspicious of expansion &speculation.
The “Monster” Is Destroyed!
The “Monster” Is Destroyed!3 “pet banks”?
3 1832 Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States.
3 1836 the charter expired.
3 1841 the bank went bankrupt!
The Downfall of “Mother Bank”The Downfall of “Mother Bank”
An 1832
Cartoon:
“KingAndrew
”?
An 1832
Cartoon:
“KingAndrew
”?
1832 Election Results1832 Election Results
MainIssue?
The Specie Circular (1836)
The Specie Circular (1836)
3 “wildcat banks.”
3 buy future federalland only with gold orsilver.
3 Jackson’s goal?
Results of the Specie Circular
Results of the Specie Circular$Banknotes lose their value.
$Land sales plummeted.
$Credit not available.
$Businesses began to fail.
$Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!The Panic of 1837!
The 1836 Election ResultsThe 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook”[O. K.]
The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!
Andrew Jackson in Retirement
Andrew Jackson in Retirement
Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844
(one year before his death)
Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844
(one year before his death)
1767 - 1845
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