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Ms. Susan M. Pojer Matt López
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Page 1: Andrew Jackson

Ms. Susan M. PojerMatt López

Ms. Susan M. PojerMatt López

Page 2: Andrew Jackson

Essential Question:Essential Question:

Champion of the

“Common Man”?

“King”Andrew?OR

Page 3: Andrew Jackson

Voting Requirements in the Early 19th

Century

Voting Requirements in the Early 19th

Century

Page 4: Andrew Jackson

Voter Turnout: 1820 – 1860

2008: ~56%

Voter Turnout: 1820 – 1860

2008: ~56%

Page 5: Andrew Jackson

Why Increased Democratization?

Why Increased Democratization?

3 White male suffrage increased

3 Party nominating committees.

3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.

3 Spoils system.

3 Rise of Third Parties.

3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)

3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:

Dem-Reps Natl. Reps.(1828) Whigs (1832) Republicans (1854)

Democrats (1828)

Page 6: Andrew Jackson
Page 7: Andrew Jackson

Born in a log cabin in???

Born in a log cabin in???

http://www.wistv.com/Global/story.asp?S=14219625

Page 8: Andrew Jackson

Scarred during Revolution for refusing to shine British

officer’s boots

First Known Painting, 1815

Scarred during Revolution for refusing to shine British

officer’s boots

First Known Painting, 1815

Page 9: Andrew Jackson

General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

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Page 11: Andrew Jackson

The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate

The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate

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Jackson’s Opponents in 1824

Jackson’s Opponents in 1824

Henry Clay[KY]

John Quincy Adams[MA]

John C. Calhoun[SC]

William H. Crawford[GA]

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A “Corrupt Bargain?”

A “Corrupt Bargain?”

Candidate Popular VoteElectoral

Vote

Andrew Jackson 43% 99

J.Q. Adams 31% 84

William Crawford 13% 41

Henry Clay 13% 37

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Four presidents took office without winning the popular vote; elected, instead, by the electoral college or in the case of John Quincy Adams by the House of Representatives after a tie in the electoral votes. They were:

• John Quincy Adams who lost by 44,804 votes to Andrew Jackson -1824 • Rutherford B. Hayes who lost by 264,292 votes to Samuel J. Tilden -1876 • Benjamin Harrison who lost by 95,713 votes to Grover Cleveland -1888

• George W. Bush who lost by 543,816 votes to Al Gore - 2000

Page 15: Andrew Jackson

Fast Forward 4 years to election of 1828…

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1828 Election Results1828 Election Results

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The Center of Population:

Country Moves WEST

The Center of Population:

Country Moves WEST

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Rachel JacksonRachel Jackson

Final Divorce DecreeJackson in Mourning for His WifeJackson in Mourning for His Wife

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The New “Jackson Coalition”

The New “Jackson Coalition”

3 The Planter Elite in the South

3 People on the Frontier

3 State Politicians – spoils system

3 Immigrants in the cities.

Page 20: Andrew Jackson

Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man”

Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man”3 Intense distrust of Eastern

“establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege.

3 His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.”

3 Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

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The Reign of “King Mob”

The Reign of “King Mob”

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Andrew Jackson as President

Andrew Jackson as President

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Spoils System

• President Jackson spoiled his friends and supporters by offering them government jobs.

• He also listened to close friends, not the cabinet,

• his “kitchen cabinet”

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The “Peggy Eaton Affair”The “Peggy Eaton Affair”

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The Webster-Hayne DebateThe Webster-Hayne Debate

Sen. Daniel Webster

[MA]

Sen. Robert Hayne[SC]

Clash over States’ Rights over Western land sales

Clash over States’ Rights over Western land sales

Page 26: Andrew Jackson

Abominations and

Nullification

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The United States was trying to help its young factory system grow.

It did so by trying to encourage Americans to buy stuff made in American factories, not European factories,

which are usually cheaper.

Where are the factories?

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How can they get Americans to buy more expensive American

manufactured goods?

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Protective

Tariffs

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Protective Tariffs (tax) help American factories by making foreign made goods cost more.

European Shirt

$8

American Shirt

$10

Which shirt would you buy?+ $3(tariff) = $11

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The southern states hated the protective tariffs and call it the Tariffs of Abominations. Why?

1. The south grew cotton, sent it to Europe, then bought the finished goods from them. The tariffs made them cost more

2. Europe might get mad and make its own tariffs…. Bad for U.S. businesses.

3. The south saw the tariff as an example of growing power of the Federal government.

Would the Federal government also try to end slavery soon?????????

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Most factories are in the north, so how did

protective tariffs help the south?

They really didn’t.

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Nullification CRISIS

Nullify - to make void, cancel

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Vice-President Calhoun was from

South Carolina.

What do you think he thought of the tariffs?

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V.P. Calhoun said a state should be able to nullify a national law (like the tariff law) by declaring it unconstitutional.

The South Carolina legislature liked his idea.

A lot of other people didn’t, so The U.S. Congress debated the issue for

weeks.

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Should a state be able to ignore a national law if it

wants to?

What could this mean?

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What will President

Jackson do?

Page 38: Andrew Jackson

?

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President Jackson went to a fancy dinner party with all the other cool Washingtonians.

Vice-President Calhoun was also there.

Jackson was asked to make a toast.

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Jackson stood up and said,

“Our Federal Union: It must be preserved!”

(He is basically telling South Carolina to stop whining.)

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Vice-President Calhoun then stood up.

His response toast:

“The Union, next to our (the states’) liberty most dear.”

(He is basically telling Jackson to …?)

Page 42: Andrew Jackson

In 1832, Congress lowered the tariff, hoping to make South Carolina happy.

South Carolina said it would only be happy with a complete repeal of the

tariff.

It didn’t work.

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Later that year, a convention met in South Carolina. The convention:

- nullified the Tariff of 1828.

- said no Federal Customs could be collected in S.C.

- threatened to secede (leave) from the Union if Federal government tried to collect tariffs.

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Calhoun then resigned the vice-presidency to become a senator from S.C.

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Some people called Calhoun the

“First President of the Southern Confederacy,”

even though he really wasn’t.

Page 46: Andrew Jackson
Page 47: Andrew Jackson

...Jackson forces a compromise.He has Congress pass two bills.

• Bill # 1 gives Jackson the power to use Federal troops to collect taxes and duties in South Carolina.

• Bill #2 lowers the amount of the tariff, even though South Carolina already said they wouldn’t pay anything.

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It appeared that fighting was inevitable, but South Carolina eventually backed down.

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South Carolina didn’t have the support of any other southern

states..

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Everyone breathed a sigh of relief.

Another crisis was averted...

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...for a little while.

WATCH THE “VIDEO” FOR TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS

Page 52: Andrew Jackson

Clip 5 – 5:50 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=fPFshUZxpVs#t=353s

Clip 6 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=c4OUlKnWN1M

Page 53: Andrew Jackson

Indian RemovalIndian Removal3 Jackson’s Goal?

3 1830 Indian Removal Act

3 Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation”

3 Worcester v. GA (1832)

3 Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

Page 54: Andrew Jackson

The Cherokee Nation After 1820

The Cherokee Nation After 1820

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Indian RemovalIndian Removal

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Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

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Jackson’s Professed “Love” for American Indians

Jackson’s Professed “Love” for American Indians

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Page 59: Andrew Jackson

Jackson’s Use of Federal Power

Jackson’s Use of Federal Power

VETO

1830 Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

Page 60: Andrew Jackson

The National Bank Debate

The National Bank Debate

NicholasBiddle

PresidentJackson

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Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.

Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.

“Soft”(paper) $

“Soft”(paper) $

“Hard”(specie) $“Hard”

(specie) $

3 state bankers feltit restrained theirbanks from issuingbank notes freely.

3 supported rapid economic growth & speculation.

3 felt that coin was the only safecurrency.

3 didn’t like any bankthat issued banknotes.

3 suspicious of expansion &speculation.

Page 62: Andrew Jackson

The “Monster” Is Destroyed!

The “Monster” Is Destroyed!3 “pet banks”?

3 1832 Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States.

3 1836 the charter expired.

3 1841 the bank went bankrupt!

Page 63: Andrew Jackson

The Downfall of “Mother Bank”The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

Page 64: Andrew Jackson

An 1832

Cartoon:

“KingAndrew

”?

An 1832

Cartoon:

“KingAndrew

”?

Page 65: Andrew Jackson

1832 Election Results1832 Election Results

MainIssue?

Page 66: Andrew Jackson

The Specie Circular (1836)

The Specie Circular (1836)

3 “wildcat banks.”

3 buy future federalland only with gold orsilver.

3 Jackson’s goal?

Page 67: Andrew Jackson

Results of the Specie Circular

Results of the Specie Circular$Banknotes lose their value.

$Land sales plummeted.

$Credit not available.

$Businesses began to fail.

$Unemployment rose.

The Panic of 1837!The Panic of 1837!

Page 68: Andrew Jackson

The 1836 Election ResultsThe 1836 Election Results

Martin Van Buren

“Old Kinderhook”[O. K.]

Page 69: Andrew Jackson

The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

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Andrew Jackson in Retirement

Andrew Jackson in Retirement

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Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844

(one year before his death)

Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844

(one year before his death)

1767 - 1845