Anatomical Position Sec. 1.9
• Anterior/Posterior (ventral/dorsal)
Anatomical Position
• Lateral/Medial
Anatomical Position
• Superior/Inferior
Sections Through the Body
• 1. Transverse• 2. Frontal• 3. Saggital
Bones of the leg pp. 248 - 249
• Tibia and Fibula
Bones of the Leg - Patella
Bones of the leg
• Femur
Pelvis pg. 244
• Ilium• Pubis• Ischium
Welcome to BIOS 2310Human Anatomy & Physiology IInstructor: Mr. Todd Templeton
• Today’s Agenda:– Discussion of the syllabus.– Presentation of today’s topics:
• Anatomical Position• Introduction to the Skeletal System• Class will end at 4:40
Anatomical Position Sec. 1.9
• Anterior/Posterior (ventral/dorsal)
Anatomical Position
• Lateral/Medial
Anatomical Position
• Superior/Inferior
Anatomical Position
• Proximal: nearer the point of origin.
• Distal: farther from the point of origin.
Sections Through the Body
• 1. Transverse• 2. Frontal• 3. Saggital
Bones of the leg pp. 248 - 249
• Tibia and Fibula
Bones of the Leg - Patella
Bones of the leg
• Femur
Bones of the Ankle and Foot
• Pp. 250 - 251
• Tarsals:• Calcaneus• Talus• Metatarsals• Phalanges
Shoulder and Thoraxpp. 238 – 239, pp. 234 - 235
• Clavicle• Scapula• Sternum• True Ribs 1 – 7
(vertebrosternal)• False Ribs 8 – 12
vertebrochondral (8 – 10). 11 & 12 are floating or vertebral ribs.
• Costal Cartilage
Shoulder and Thoraxpp. 238 – 239, pp. 234 - 235
• Clavicle• Scapula• Sternum• True Ribs 1 – 7
(vertebrosternal)• False Ribs 8 – 12
vertebrochondral (8 – 10). 11 & 12 are floating or vertebral ribs.
• Costal Cartilage
Arm• Pp. 240 - 241• Humerus• Radius• Ulna
Arm: Radius and Ulna
Wrist and Handpg. 242 - 243
• Carpals• Metacarpals• Phalanges
Cervical #1 (atlas), cervical #2 (axis) and another cervical vertebra
Thoracic Vertebrae12 bones pg. 231
Lumbar Vertebrae5 Bones pg. 232
Vertebrae
• Sacrum – 5 bones, fused. Pg. 233
• Coccyx – 4 bones, fused.
Skull pp. 212 - 225• Mandible• Maxilla• Nasal• Zygomatic• Frontal• Temporal• Parietal• Occipital• Sphenoid• Ethmoid
Hyoid pg. 225
• The only bone that does not touch another bone.
Axial and Appendicular Skeleton pg. 211 & pg. 237
Gender Differences
Greater Sciatic Notch
Gender Differences
Body Systems are Interrelated
The Systems of the Human Bodypp. 16 - 17
Transport.
Breaks down nutrients. Produces hormones that regulate cell functions.
Systems of the Human Body
Skin Defenses Movement
Systems of the Human Body
Monitors and maintains our internal environment Exchanges oxygen and
carbon dioxide with blood.
Systems of the Human Body
Removes toxins and excess molecules from blood.
Bone Structure• Structurally, bone is classified into 2 types:• 1) Spongy Bone (pg. 191) Note the trabeculae.
Bone Structure• 2) Compact bone • pp. 191.• Note: we will discuss
the microscopic structure of bone in the next unit.
Bones are divided into 4 basic shapes pg. 184
1: Long Bones (pg. 186)• Longer than wide• Cylinder shaped.• Located in the appendicular
skeleton. • Diaphysis (compact)• Epiphysis (spongy)
Long Bone
• Medullary Canal• Yellow marrow• Periosteum
2: Short Bones• Cube-like.• Filled with spongy bone, with a thin layer of compact covering it.• No hollow medullary canal present.
3. Flat Bone• Thin, flat.• Spongy bone interior (diploe),
compact bone exterior.
4. Irregular Bone
• Usually described as a cross between a flat bone and a short bone.
• Spongy interior. • Vertebrae and some skull bones would be
examples.
Intramembranous Ossification
Endochondral Ossification
Epiphyseal (Growth) Plate
Growth Plate Fused
Epiphyseal line.
Fetal Bone Growth pg. 197
Greenstick Fracture
Today’s Agenda
• Today we will look at joint structure and function, along with lever systems. Ch. 8
• After lab we will begin preparations for exam #1, which is the next class meeting.
4. Saddle
• Metacarpal to carpal of thumb.
25 year old female, no shoesSame woman, w/ 3 inch heels.
Effects of high heels.
Levers that multiply effort:
The components of a lever:
• Fulcrum• Effort (Force)
• Load (Resistance)