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Anatomical Position Sec. 1.9
• Anterior/Posterior (ventral/dorsal)
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Anatomical Position
• Lateral/Medial
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Anatomical Position
• Superior/Inferior
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Sections Through the Body
• 1. Transverse• 2. Frontal• 3. Saggital
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Bones of the leg pp. 248 - 249
• Tibia and Fibula
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Bones of the Leg - Patella
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Bones of the leg
• Femur
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Pelvis pg. 244
• Ilium• Pubis• Ischium
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Welcome to BIOS 2310Human Anatomy & Physiology IInstructor: Mr. Todd Templeton
• Today’s Agenda:– Discussion of the syllabus.– Presentation of today’s topics:
• Anatomical Position• Introduction to the Skeletal System• Class will end at 4:40
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Anatomical Position Sec. 1.9
• Anterior/Posterior (ventral/dorsal)
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Anatomical Position
• Lateral/Medial
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Anatomical Position
• Superior/Inferior
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Anatomical Position
• Proximal: nearer the point of origin.
• Distal: farther from the point of origin.
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Sections Through the Body
• 1. Transverse• 2. Frontal• 3. Saggital
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Bones of the leg pp. 248 - 249
• Tibia and Fibula
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Bones of the Leg - Patella
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Bones of the leg
• Femur
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Bones of the Ankle and Foot
• Pp. 250 - 251
• Tarsals:• Calcaneus• Talus• Metatarsals• Phalanges
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Shoulder and Thoraxpp. 238 – 239, pp. 234 - 235
• Clavicle• Scapula• Sternum• True Ribs 1 – 7
(vertebrosternal)• False Ribs 8 – 12
vertebrochondral (8 – 10). 11 & 12 are floating or vertebral ribs.
• Costal Cartilage
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Shoulder and Thoraxpp. 238 – 239, pp. 234 - 235
• Clavicle• Scapula• Sternum• True Ribs 1 – 7
(vertebrosternal)• False Ribs 8 – 12
vertebrochondral (8 – 10). 11 & 12 are floating or vertebral ribs.
• Costal Cartilage
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Arm• Pp. 240 - 241• Humerus• Radius• Ulna
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Arm: Radius and Ulna
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Wrist and Handpg. 242 - 243
• Carpals• Metacarpals• Phalanges
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Cervical #1 (atlas), cervical #2 (axis) and another cervical vertebra
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Thoracic Vertebrae12 bones pg. 231
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Lumbar Vertebrae5 Bones pg. 232
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Vertebrae
• Sacrum – 5 bones, fused. Pg. 233
• Coccyx – 4 bones, fused.
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Day 2 Begins Here
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Skull pp. 212 - 225• Mandible• Maxilla• Nasal• Zygomatic• Frontal• Temporal• Parietal• Occipital• Sphenoid• Ethmoid
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Hyoid pg. 225
• The only bone that does not touch another bone.
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Axial and Appendicular Skeleton pg. 211 & pg. 237
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Gender Differences
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Greater Sciatic Notch
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Gender Differences
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Body Systems are Interrelated
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The Systems of the Human Bodypp. 16 - 17
Transport.
Breaks down nutrients. Produces hormones that regulate cell functions.
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Systems of the Human Body
Skin Defenses Movement
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Systems of the Human Body
Monitors and maintains our internal environment Exchanges oxygen and
carbon dioxide with blood.
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Systems of the Human Body
Removes toxins and excess molecules from blood.
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Day 3 Begins Here
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Bone Structure• Structurally, bone is classified into 2 types:• 1) Spongy Bone (pg. 191) Note the trabeculae.
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Bone Structure• 2) Compact bone • pp. 191.• Note: we will discuss
the microscopic structure of bone in the next unit.
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Bones are divided into 4 basic shapes pg. 184
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1: Long Bones (pg. 186)• Longer than wide• Cylinder shaped.• Located in the appendicular
skeleton. • Diaphysis (compact)• Epiphysis (spongy)
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Long Bone
• Medullary Canal• Yellow marrow• Periosteum
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2: Short Bones• Cube-like.• Filled with spongy bone, with a thin layer of compact covering it.• No hollow medullary canal present.
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3. Flat Bone• Thin, flat.• Spongy bone interior (diploe),
compact bone exterior.
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4. Irregular Bone
• Usually described as a cross between a flat bone and a short bone.
• Spongy interior. • Vertebrae and some skull bones would be
examples.
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Intramembranous Ossification
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Endochondral Ossification
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Ephiphyseal Plate
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Epiphyseal (Growth) Plate
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Growth Plate Fused
Epiphyseal line.
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Fetal Bone Growth pg. 197
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Greenstick Fracture
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Day 4 Begins Here
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Today’s Agenda
• Today we will look at joint structure and function, along with lever systems. Ch. 8
• After lab we will begin preparations for exam #1, which is the next class meeting.
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4. Saddle
• Metacarpal to carpal of thumb.
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25 year old female, no shoesSame woman, w/ 3 inch heels.
Effects of high heels.
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Levers that multiply effort:
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The components of a lever:
• Fulcrum• Effort (Force)
• Load (Resistance)