An Introduction To Ecology Chapter 52. Ecology – study of interactions between organisms and environment. Consists of abiotic (nonliving; i.e. temperature,
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An Introduction To EcologyChapter 52
Ecology – study of interactions between organisms and environment.
Consists of abiotic (nonliving; i.e. temperature, light, etc) and biotic (living) factors.
http://www.apsnet.org/education/illustratedglossary/PhotosE-H/forestdecline.htm
Population – group of individuals of same species living in an area.
Community – all organisms of all species that live in an area.
Ecosystem – above plus abiotic factors.
Biosphere – sum of all ecosystems.
http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch8en/conc8en/img/biosphere.gif
Distribution affected by temperature, water, sunlight, wind, and rocks and soil.
Type of each will determine what can live there.
http://www.your-healthy-gardens.com/images/SoilTypes1.jpg
Temperature and water are biggest factors.
Biomes – major types of ecosystems.
Determined by proximity to equator, closeness to ocean, mountains, etc.
http://z.about.com/d/geography/1/0/V/A/equator.jpg
Aquatic biomes
2 types – marine and freshwater.
Stratified vertically – photic zone (light) and aphotic zone (little light).
Bottom of aquatic is benthos – food is detritus that falls from above.
http://www.geo.arizona.edu/Antevs/nats104/00lect17lakeutrophic.jpg
Freshwater – close to shore – littoral zone.
Open water – limnetic zone.ALakes classified by nutrients – 1eutrophic – shallow and nutrient-rich; 2oligotrophic – deeper and nutrient-poor.
http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/50-19b-Eutrophic.jpg
Oligotrophic lake
http://www.spatial.maine.edu/~snoox/images/eutrophic_lake.jpg
Eutrophic lake
BWetlands – area covered with water; supports plants.
CEstuaries – area where freshwater meets ocean.
Intertidal zone – land meets water.
DCoral reefs – dominated by coral.
http://www.usbr.gov/dataweb/assets/images/Wetlands.jpg
Wetlands
http://www.cop.noaa.gov/images/estuaries.jpg
Estuary
http://212.84.179.117/i/Coral%20Reef.jpg
Coral Reef
EOceanic pelagic biome – away from shore.
Abyssal zone – lowest part of benthos; deep-sea hydrothermal vents help chemoautotrophic organisms.
http://206.110.20.50/web/schuh/students/jonathan/Monsters/MonstersofthDeep/seaslug.JPG
Abyssal zone
Terrestrial biomes
Defined vertically from the canopy at top to the permafrost at the bottom.
ATropical forest – little light reaches ground because of deep canopy.
Rainfall determines life in area.
http://www.hort.cornell.edu/mudge/bneimark/SC%202.jpg
Tropical Forest In Madagascar
BSavanna – scattered trees and grasses.
Fire helps increase diversity.Has rainy season.CTemperate grassland – seasonal drought, fires prevent tree growth.
Most used for farming.
http://www.plantzafrica.com/vegetation/vegimages/savanna3.jpg
Savanna
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Laboratory/Biome/Images/picgrassland.jpg
Grasslands
DDeserts – sparse rain, some are cold.
Plants have structures to allow survival (i.e. water storage, alternative forms of photosynthesis)
EChaparral – evergreen shrub; long, hot, dry summers with fires.
http://pangea.stanford.edu/~hsiao/desert.jpg
Desert
http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/images/semiaridgrasslands92rw.jpg
Chaparral
FTemperate deciduous forest – small mammals, leaves fall during autumn.
GTaiga – cone-bearing trees, trees have needles.
HTundra – permafrost covers ground, low diversity.
http://www.ccet.ua.edu/hhmi/images/Autumn.JPG
Deciduous forest
http://www3.newberry.org/k12maps/module_07/images/coniferous.jpg
Coniferous forest
http://photojunkie.ca/photoblog/tundra.jpg
Tundra
http://www.hesd.k12.ca.us/resource/biomes/Biome%20map.gif
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