Transcript
ALMANAC
WWWhat is Almanac?
An annual publication including calendars with weather forecasts, astronomical information, tide tables, and other related tabular information
A usually annual reference book composed of various lists, tables, and often brief articles relating to a particular field or many general fields.
Almanac is an annual publication that includes information such as weather forecasts, farmers' planting date, tide tables, and tabular information in a particular field or fields often arranged according to the calendar etc
Astronomical data and various statistics are also found in almanacs, such as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of courts, lists of all types, timelines, and more.
Calendarium cracoviense, an almanac for the year 1474
ETYMOLOGY OF
ALMANAC
Almanacwas originally an Arabic word which mean al-manākh meaning the “climate”.
In the modern sense too an almanac, or almanakh, is the average weather forecast for a certain period of time that is characterized by relatively stable weather conditions covering a specific area.
• 1267the earliest documenteduse of the word in any languageis
in Latin by Roger Bacon, where it meant a set of tables detailing movements of heavenly bodies including the moon.
One etymology report says:
The ultimate source of the word is obscure.
Its first syllable, al-, and its general relevance to medieval science and technology, strongly suggest an Arabic origin, but no convincing candidate has been found.
Another report similarly says of Almanac: "First seen in Roger Bacon. Apparently from Spanish Arabic, al-manakh, but this is not an Arabic word.
The word remains a puzzle."
EARLY ALMANAC
Babylonian astronomy
---- back to ancient babylonian astronomy the origin of almanac can be traced, when tables of planetary periods were produced in order to predict lunar and planetary phenomena.
The precursor to the almanac was the Greek astronomical and meteorological calendar, the parapegma, an inscribed stone on which the days of the month were indicated by movable pegs inserted into bored holes.
Diogenes Laërtius
According to him Parapegma was the title of a book by Democritus.
Ptolemy the Alexandrian astronomer (2nd century) wrote a treatise, Phaseis—"phases of fixed stars and collection of weather-changes" is the translation of its full title—the core of which is a parapegma, a list of dates of seasonally regular weather changes, first appearances and last appearances of stars or constellations at sunrise or sunset, and solar events such as solstices, all organized according to the solar year. With the astronomical computations were expected weather phenomena, composed as a digest of observations made by various authorities of the past. Parapegmata had been composed for centuries. Similar treatises called Zij were later composed in medieval Islamic astronomy.
Ptolemy believed that astronomical phenomena caused the changes in seasonal weather; his explanation of why there was not an exact correlation of these events was that the physical influences of other heavenly bodies also came into play. Hence for him, weather prediction was a special division of astrology.
The modern almanac differs from Babylonian, Ptolemaic and Zij tables in the sense that "the entries found in the almanacs give directly the positions of the celestial bodies and need no further computation", in contrast to the more common "auxiliary astronomical tables" based on Ptolemy's Almagest
Almanac of Azarqueil
The earliest known modern almanac written in 1088 by Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī(Latinized as Arzachel) in Toledo, al-Andalus.
The work provided the true daily positions of the sun, moon and planets for four years from 1088 to 1092, as well as many other related tables.
Early almanacs therefore contained general horoscopes, as well as the more concrete information.
1150
Solomon Jarchus created such an almanac considered to be among the first modern almanacs.
British Museum and in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge
---Copies of 12th century almanacs are found
1327
Walter de Elvendene created an almanac.
John Somers of Oxford, in 1380
In 1386 Nicholas de Lynne, Oxford produced an almanac.
1457he first printed almanac was published at
Mainz, by Gutenberg (eight years before the famous Bible).
Regio-Montanus produced an almanac in 1472 (Nuremberg, 1472), which was continued in print for several centuries in many editions.
Sheapheard’s Kalendar,
translated from French (Richard Pynson) became the first English printed almanac in 1497.
16th century
yearly almanacs were being produced in English by men such as Anthony Askham, Thomas Buckminster, John Dade and Gabriel Frende.
17th century
English almanacs were bestsellers, second only to the Bible; by the middle of the century, 400,000 almanacs were being produced annually
published the first American almanac entitled, An Almanac for New England for the year 1639 Cambridge, Massachusetts.
William Pierce
A Poor Robin's Almanack
one of the first comic almanacs that parodied these horoscopes in its 1664 issue, saying "This month we may expect to hear of the Death of some Man, Woman, or Child, either in Kent or Christendom.
1726-1775
The most important early American almanacs was made by Nathaniel Ames of Dedham, Massachusetts.
James Franklin
began publishing the Rhode-Island Almanack beginning in 1728.
List of almanacs by country of publication
BrazilAlmanaque Abril oopopoAlmanaque do PensamentoAlmanaque Santo AntônioAlmanaque Sadol (freely distributed on Drugstores)
CanadaHarrowsmith's Truly Canadian Almanac (1st Edition, September 2007)
ColombiaAlmanaque Bristol
BelgiumDe Druivelaar
FranceQuid
GermanyFischer Weltalmanach
GreeceKazamias
IndiaKalnirnay
NetherlandsEnkhuizer AlmanakDeventer AlmanakNieropper Almanak
PortugalO Verdadeiro Almanaque Borda D'Água
Sri LankaSri Lanka Almanac
United KingdomAstronomical AlmanacOld Moore's AlmanackWhitaker's AlmanackWisden Cricketers' Almanack
Schott's Almanac
United States of AmericaAstronomical AlmanacThe New York Times AlmanacOld Farmer's AlmanacTIME Almanac with Information PleaseWorld Almanac and Book of FactsTown & Country Farmer's AlmanacPoor Will's Almanack
The Farmer's AlmanacLeavitt's Farmers Almanack Harris' Farmer's Almanac The Writing Code AlmanacCountry Accents Farmer's AlmanacA Sand County Almanac The Almanac for FarmersGarden and
Farm Almanac Blum's Farmer's and and City FolkJ. Gruber's Planter's Almanac
PRESENTED BY: MARY JESETTE E.
PEÑAOJASBLIS-III
PRESENTED TO: MS. MYRNA MACAPIA
INSTRUCTOR
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