Aids to Reading & Interpretation

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Aids to Reading and Interpretation

Aids to Reading and Interpretation

GROUP I

A. Footnotes and Bibliography

Wina Maruyanti (201212500628)

B. Tables

C. Line Graphs

Nenti Apriliyanti (201212500678)

D. Circle Graphs

E. Bar Graphs

Afriyani (201212500623)

A. Footnotes and BibliographyA. Footnotes and Bibliography

A footnote refers the reader to the exact source of some statement or

idea, or occasionally adds information.

A bibliography is an alphabetical list of sources used or referred to

in a professional article or book, or that deal with the same subject.

Meaning

Smith, Mary Parsons.1963. “A Favorite Pastime in Xanadu: Birdwatching,”The New York Daily Tmes,

April 1, pp.1,22.

EXAMPLE

Footnotes

Bibliography

Notes

1.Knapp (1977), p.27.Knapp seems here that kale is an important source of Vitamin A. For a contrary view, see Tuzo and Caron, p 78. I agre with the latter’s agrument that kale has never been significant part of the Xanadu diet 2. Ibid.3.Knapp (1972), p.884.Shaw, p.1505.Knapp op.cit.p. 192.

ExampleExample1. R. Poirer, "Learning physics."( Academic,New York, 1993),p.42. Ibid., p.93. T. Eliot, "Astrophysics",(springer,Berlin,1989),p.1414. "Xanadu,"1972.International Encyclopedia,XXIV.5. Eliot.op.cit.,p.148

What is the title of the reference footnote no 5?

Answer :

Astrophysics

1. R. Poirer, "Learning physics."( Academic,New York, 1993),p.42. Ibid., p.93. T. Eliot, "Astrophysics",(springer,Berlin,1989),p.1414. "Xanadu,"1972.International Encyclopedia,XXIV.5. Eliot.op.cit.,p.148

What is the title of the reference footnote no 5?

Answer :

Astrophysics

ExerciseExercise1. R. Poirer, "Learning physics."( Academic,New York, 1993),p.42. Ibid., p.93. T. Eliot, "Astrophysics",(springer,Berlin,1989),p.1414. "Xanadu,"1972.International Encyclopedia,XXIV.5. Eliot.op.cit.,p.148

What is the title of the reference footnotes no 2?

Answer :

Learning physics

1. R. Poirer, "Learning physics."( Academic,New York, 1993),p.42. Ibid., p.93. T. Eliot, "Astrophysics",(springer,Berlin,1989),p.1414. "Xanadu,"1972.International Encyclopedia,XXIV.5. Eliot.op.cit.,p.148

What is the title of the reference footnotes no 2?

Answer :

Learning physics

B. TABLES

The table is a data set that is based on rows and columns. Tables display various kinds of informations in clear, compact columns. Tables are useful to get appropriate information.

How to read tables... Find the subject Always read the title Look at footnotes Look at the heading of each column and

notice the units used.

EXAMPLE GROWTH OF VEHICLES ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF YEAR 2008- 2012

Source: Office of the Indonesian National Police*) Since 2008 is not including East Timor

What information is shown in this table? Growth of vehicles according to the type of year

2008- 2012

Years Passenger cars

Bus Truck Motorcycle Total

2008 7,489,852 2,059,187 4,452,343 47,683,681 61,685,063

2009 7,910,407 2,160,973 4,452,343 52,767,093 67,336,644

2010 8,891,041 2,250,109 4,687,789 61,078,188 76,907,127

2011 9,548,866 2,254,406 4,958,738 68,839,341 85,601,351

2012 10,668,010 2,275,560 5,250,122 75,932,221 94,125,913

EXERCISE Value of Exports and Imports

Of members if The European Economic Community

1.What information is shown in this table?

Value of Exports and Imports of members if The European Economic Community.

2. Which country exported more than imported?

Country exported more than imported is West Germany

COUNTRY EXPORTS (In billion dollars)

IMPORTS (In billion dollars)

Belgium-Luxembourg 37.46 40.14

Denmark 10.12 13.24

France 63.56 70.50

Ireland 4.40 5.38

Italy 36.97 43.43

Netherlands 43.70 45.62

United Kingdom 57.55 63.68

West Germany 117.90 100.67

Total 371.66 382.67

LINE GRAPHLINE GRAPH

A line graph is a picture of the dynamics of existing data (can go up, down, or up and down). A line graph is most useful in displaying data or information that changes continuously over time.

A line graph is a picture of the dynamics of existing data (can go up, down, or up and down). A line graph is most useful in displaying data or information that changes continuously over time.

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

A Survey of 100 people of their favorite colors

1. How many colors in the table above? There are six colors2. How many people who likes blue color? 30 people

D.CIRCLE GRAPHS

Circle graphs show how the whole is broken up into recognizable parts the complete circle of couse,equals 100 percent and the divided sections represents parts of whole. You should first determine the subject of the whole.

Releted terms of circle graphsA. Sector B. GraphC. CircleD. Data

EXAMPLE OF CIRCLE GRAPHS

In the example shown below, the circle graph shows people who like different fruit. Each sector in the circle graph represents the percentage of people liking the respective people who like different fruit.

EXERCISE

Find out the angle covered by a,b and c in the circle graph choices:

a.360°b.162°c.36°d.108°

E. BAR GRAPHS

Bar graphs are usually rectangular shapes that either show the parts of a whole or compare the relative amounts of materials or objects. Like circle graphs, bar graphs provide a visual means of expressing this relationship.

Bar graphs also have similarities to line

graphs except that bars are used instead of dots and lines.

EXAMPLE

Survey of 145 people of their favorite fruit

For that group of people blueberries are mostpopuler and grapes are the least populer.

EXERCISE FAVORITE COLOR

Question : The bar graph shos the favorite color od 20 students in a class how many more of them favored orange than those

who favored green?Answer : 5 students