Adenovirus and Cryptosporidium co-infection in a Corn snake ( Elaphe guttata guttata )

Adenovirus and Cryptosporidium Adenovirus and Cryptosporidium co-infection in a Corn snake co-infection in a Corn snake

((Elaphe guttata guttataElaphe guttata guttata))

Debabrata MahapatraDebabrata Mahapatra

Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Diseases and PathologyPathology

Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website onlygranted for use on SEVPAC website only

Case History (N08-13)Case History (N08-13)

• A 13 month old male corn snake was part A 13 month old male corn snake was part of the breeding stock of ~2500 mixed of the breeding stock of ~2500 mixed Colubrid species.Colubrid species.

• Off-feed about 2 weeks and sharply Off-feed about 2 weeks and sharply declining.declining.

• Recently moved into a different facility.Recently moved into a different facility.

• Gross findings: No gross lesions.Gross findings: No gross lesions.

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Section of stomach showing mucosal hypertrophy and hyperplasia, Section of stomach showing mucosal hypertrophy and hyperplasia, mononuclear infiltration in lamina propria and numerous mononuclear infiltration in lamina propria and numerous

cryptosporidia. (400x)cryptosporidia. (400x)

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EM of sporulating oocysts located in parasitophorous vacuoles (PV) with EM of sporulating oocysts located in parasitophorous vacuoles (PV) with sporozoites (Sp) and residual body (R)sporozoites (Sp) and residual body (R)

PV

PV

Sp

Sp

R

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EM of two schizonts (S) with mature sickle-shaped merozoites (M). An oocyst EM of two schizonts (S) with mature sickle-shaped merozoites (M). An oocyst (O) on the left with feeder organelle (FO) that is separated from the host by a (O) on the left with feeder organelle (FO) that is separated from the host by a

dense band (DB)dense band (DB)

S

S

M

M

O

FODB

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Section of intestine showing villous blunting, expansion of lamina Section of intestine showing villous blunting, expansion of lamina propria with mononuclear cell infiltration.propria with mononuclear cell infiltration.

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Section of intestine showing prominent large basophilic enterocyte Section of intestine showing prominent large basophilic enterocyte intranuclear inclusion bodies.intranuclear inclusion bodies.

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EM of a intranuclear inclusion body (I) with numerous electron dense viral EM of a intranuclear inclusion body (I) with numerous electron dense viral particles (V) within a nucleus (N).particles (V) within a nucleus (N).

VI

N

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Morphological diagnosisMorphological diagnosis• Proliferative gastritis, lymphoplasmacytic, Proliferative gastritis, lymphoplasmacytic,

diffuse, moderate, with intralesional protozoal diffuse, moderate, with intralesional protozoal parasites consistent with parasites consistent with Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium sp., sp., stomach.stomach.

• Enteritis, lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal, mild to Enteritis, lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal, mild to moderate, with enterocyte intranuclear moderate, with enterocyte intranuclear inclusions consistent with adenovirus, small inclusions consistent with adenovirus, small intestine.intestine.

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CryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiosis• Cryptosporidium has been reported in over 57 Cryptosporidium has been reported in over 57

different species of reptiles including:different species of reptiles including:• 40 species of snakes40 species of snakes• 15 species of lizards 15 species of lizards • 2 species of tortoises2 species of tortoises

Of all reptiles, snakes are most severely Of all reptiles, snakes are most severely affected.affected.

Lesions are mostly restricted to stomach and Lesions are mostly restricted to stomach and intestine with proliferative gastritis and intestine with proliferative gastritis and enteritis.enteritis. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission

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CryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiosis• Lizards have a wider range of tissue tropism. Lizards have a wider range of tissue tropism.

Identified in:Identified in:• In kidneys of Parson’s chameleon.In kidneys of Parson’s chameleon.• In kidneys, salivary glands, aural and pharyngeal In kidneys, salivary glands, aural and pharyngeal

polyps in green iguana.polyps in green iguana.

• Most common species affecting snakes is Most common species affecting snakes is Cryptosporidium serpentisCryptosporidium serpentis..

• Recently, Recently, C. saurophilumC. saurophilum has been described in has been described in lizards.lizards.

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AdenovirusAdenovirus• Adenoviruses are reported in:Adenoviruses are reported in:

• 12 different species of reptiles of the orders 12 different species of reptiles of the orders CrocodiliaCrocodilia and and SquamataSquamata including including

• SerpentesSerpentes (snakes) and (snakes) and SauriaSauria (lizards) suborders. (lizards) suborders.

• Most of the cases are reported from zoological Most of the cases are reported from zoological collection and commercial breeders.collection and commercial breeders.

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AdenovirusAdenovirus• Incriminated as the cause of gastroenteritis, Incriminated as the cause of gastroenteritis,

hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonia, and encephalitis.hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonia, and encephalitis.

• Gastrointestinal lesions have been described in Gastrointestinal lesions have been described in snakes in the families snakes in the families Boidae, ColubridaeBoidae, Colubridae and and ViperidaeViperidae..

• Cytopathologic changes include:Cytopathologic changes include:• Large eosinophilic to basophilic intranuclear inclusionsLarge eosinophilic to basophilic intranuclear inclusions• Nuclear swellingNuclear swelling• Ballooning degenerationBallooning degeneration• Necrosis of organsNecrosis of organs

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ConclusionConclusion

Primary infection with adenovirus might have Primary infection with adenovirus might have immunocompromised the snake and immunocompromised the snake and predisposed it to secondary infection with predisposed it to secondary infection with cryptosporidia.cryptosporidia.

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AcknowledgementAcknowledgement• Dr. David TaylorDr. David Taylor• Dr. Lisa FarinaDr. Lisa Farina• Dr. Mary ReinhardDr. Mary Reinhard• Dr. Elliot Jacobson’s labDr. Elliot Jacobson’s lab• Lou Ann MillerLou Ann Miller• UF CVM Histopathology lab membersUF CVM Histopathology lab members• ResidentsResidents

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