7th AIS SigPrag International Conference on Pragmatic Web (ICPW 2012)
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The Pragmatic Web (and its many relations)
Adrian Paschke Hans Weigand Corporate Semantic Web Faculty of Economics
Freie Universität Berlin Tilburg University
Co-Chairs Pragmatic Web
www.pragmaticweb.info
7th AIS SIGPRAG International Conference Session on
Pragmatic Web at
6th International Symposium on Rules
RuleML 2012
Montpellier, France, August 2012
The Semantic Web
• "The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation."
– Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila, The Semantic Web
• „Make the Web understandable for machines“
2007 W3C Semantic Web Stack
2
Core Semantic Technologies
1. Rules – Describe conclusions and reactions from given information
(inference)
– Declarative knowledge representation: “express what is valid, the responsibility to interpret this and to decide on how to do it is delegated to an interpreter / reasoner”
2. Ontologies – Ontologies described the common knowledge of a domain
(semantics):
• “An ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization “ T. Gruber
Semantics interoperability between (connected) vocabularies
3
Corporate Semantic Web
Corporate Semantic Web (CSW) is
used to describe the application of
Semantic Web technologies and
Knowledge Management
methodologies in corporate
environments.
4
Corporate Semantic Web
1. Application of Semantic Web technologies in enterprise information systems (Semantic Enterprise) • Collaborative workflows and (business) process management
(e.g. Internet of Services, e-Science workflows, Semantic Business Process Management)
• Knowledge Management (e.g. Semantic Knowledge Management, Semantic Corporate Memory, Semantic Ad-hoc BI and Semantic CEP)
2. Corporate = Business Context • Application of Semantic Web technologies under economical
considerations and business conditions (e.g. cost models, return on investment)
5
Corporate vs. Public Semantic Web
• Closed information systems / Intranet solutions
with known interfaces between systems,
services and domains
• Known user groups within enterprise network(s)
• Usage of the existing enterprise IT
infrastructure, information, and knowledge is
constrained by the existing business rules,
policies and workflows/processes
• Data view: closed, often (semi-)structured data
with known data models (e.g., relational,
object-oriented, XML, …)
• Logic view: partial closed world assumption,
partial unique name assumption, constructive
views
6
Social Semantic Web
The concept of the Social Semantic
Web subsumes developments in
which social interactions on the Web
lead to the creation of explicit and
semantically rich knowledge
representations. (Wikipedia)
7
Social Semantic Web vs.
Public/Corporate/Pragmatic Semantic Web
• Social Semantic Web = Web of collective
knowledge systems
• Focus: Tools in which the central social
interactions on the Web plays a role. These
tools lead to the development of explicit
semantic representations
• Combines technologies, strategies and
methods of the Semantic Web, Social
Software and Web 2.0
• Finds applications in Corporate Semantic
Web as well as Public Semantic Web and in
particular Pragmatic Web
8
Pragmatic Web
• The Pragmatic Web consists of the tools,
practices and theories describing why and
how people use information. In contrast
to the Syntactic Web and Semantic Web
the Pragmatic Web is not only about form
or meaning of information, but about
interaction which brings about e.g.
understanding or commitments.
(www.pragmaticweb.info)
9
Language Action Perspective
• The Language Action Perspective
(LAP) argues that language is not
only used for exchanging
information, (as in reports or
statements etc.) but also to perform
actions (as in promises, orders,
requests, and declarations etc)
(Schoop 2001; Weigand 2003).
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The Pragmatic Web - Internet as a platform
of communication and coordination
• Distinguishing the physical event as such (happening
in time/space) from
– the value it has for humans / agents in terms of
commitments
– leading e.g. economic value
The value aspect highlights the “why” of the coordination. 11
Organisational Semiotics
• Organisational semiotics examines
the nature, characteristics and
features of information, and studies
how information can be best used in
the context of organised activities
and business domains.
(Kecheng Liu et al. 2002)
12
Pragmatic Agent Web
The Pragmatic Agent Web utilize the
Semantic Web with multiple interacting
intelligent agents which collaborate on
the Web and put independent meta data,
ontologies and local data into a pragmatic
context such as communicative
situations, organizational norms, purposes
or individual goals and values. (Paschke
2007)
13
Pragmatic Agent Web
• Utilize the heterogenous Semantic Web resources, meta data
and meaning representations with intelligent agents and
web-based services with the ability to understand the
others intended meaning (pragmatic competence)
– Formal Logic Representation vs. (Controlled) Natural Language
Representation
• Collaborate in a communicative conversation-based
process where content and context is interchanged in terms
of messages (relation of signs) between senders and
receivers (interpreters/users). – Loosley-coupled vs. de-coupled interactions
– Fixed negotiation and coordination protocols vs. free conversations
• Pragmatic layer/wrapper around semantic/content e.g. by
KQML / ACL like speech-act primitives (e.g. assert(content),
retract(content), query(kb)) – Model, negotiate and control shared and invividual meanings
requires learning and knowledge adaption / updates
15
Conclusion: Challenges for the Pragmatic Web
Syntax
Sematics
Pragmatics
Data Understanding
Connectedness
Information / Content
Knowledge
Intelligence / Wisdom
Understanding relations
Understanding patterns
understanding principles
Ontologies (Logic)
Rules (Logic)
??? (Human Logic + Machine Logic)
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Pragmatic Web
Vision: Ubiquitous Pragmatic Web 4.0
Monolithic
Systems Era
Desktop Computing
Deskto
p
World Wide Web 1.0
Connects Information
Syntactic Web
Semantic Web 2.0 Connects Knowledge
Social Semantic Web 3.0,
Web of Services & Things,
Corporate Semantic Web Connects People, Services and Things
Ubiquitous Pragmatic Web 4.0 Connects Intelligent Agents and Smart
Things
Semantic Web
Ubiquitous autonomic
Smart Services and
Things
Pragmatic Agent
Ecosystems
Mach
ine
Un
ders
tan
din
g
Ubiquitous Next Generation Agents and Social Connections
Syntactic Web
Semantic Web
PragamticWeb
HT
ML
XM
L
RD
F
Sm
art
A
ge
nts
Co
nte
nt
Pro
du
ce
r
Passive Active
Co
nsu
me
r
17
AG Corporate Semantic Web
Freie Universität Berlin
http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/groups/ag-csw/
http://www.corporate-semantic-web.de
The Pragmatic Web Research Community
www.pragmaticweb.info
Association for Information Systems Special Interest Group "Pragmatic Web"
(AIS SIGPRAG)
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