7. Java Petroleum Geology

7. JAVA

by : Awang Harun Satyana Borrobudur temple, Central Java

Petroleum Geology of Indonesia : Current KnowledgePre-Convention Course, The 33rd IPA Annual Convention and Exhibition

Jakarta, 3 – 4 May 2008

JAVA

Quaternary volcanoes

Sunda-AsriBasin

South West Java Basin

North West/West Java Basin

South Central Java Basin

Southern Slope

North East/East Java BasinNorthern SlopeBogor – Kendeng Trough

MADURA

J A V A S E A

N

200 KM

J A V A

Belitung Basin

Oligo-Miocene volcanic-magmatic arc

Miocene-Pliocene deepwater sedimentattion

Geologic Setting of Java

Satyana and Armandita (2003)

Sedimentary basin

SECTION OF WEST JAVA

SECTION OF EAST JAVA

SECTION OF CENTRAL JAVA

S N

Smyth et al. (2003)

Schematic Cross Sections of Java

NW Java Basinal Area

Noble et al. (1997)

Noble et al. (1997)

Oil and Gas Fields of NW Java Basin

Noble et al. (1997)

Northwest Java Basin

• This back-arc basin is extensive and complicated, comprising a number of north-south oriented half graben and sub-basins situated on the southernmost edge of the Sunda platform (Reksalegora et al., 1996).

• Hydrocarbon accumulations are abundant, and both oil and gas arereservoired in stacked volcaniclastic, carbonate, and coarse siliciclastic beds (Noble et al., 1997).

• The Northwest Java basin is now considered to be mature, with the distribution of upper Talang Akar sands and Miocene carbonate buildups being fully understood.

• Considerable potential for small-to medium-sized fields may remain in the syn-rift Jatibarang formation, lower Talang Akar formation, and deep Batu Raja carbonates.

West Java regional tectonic map and west-east schematic cross sectionSuyono et al. (2005)

Suyono et al. (2005)

Wells Drilled Based on Anticline Play Concept

Suyono et al. (2005)

Thrust Fault Anticline Play Concept in Onshore Northwest Java Basin

Suyono et al. (2005)

High Trend Play Concept in Onshore Northwest Java Basin

DEEP EXPLORATION CONCEPT

Suyono et al. (2005)

Deep Exploration Play Concept in Onshore

Northwest Java Basin

Suyono et al. (2005)

Exploration Play Concepts in Onshore Northwest Java Basin

Sunda Basin Petroleum System

Pertamina BPPKA (1996)

South Arjuna Sub-Basin Petroleum System

Pertamina BPPKA (1996)

Noble et al. (1997)

Sunda-Asri-NW Java Basinmigration pathways

Noble et al. (1997)

East Java Basin • The East Java basin is the most structurally and stratigraphically complex of

the Indonesian back-arc basins. • In terms of reservoir facies, which range from Eocene non-marine sands to

Pleistocene volcaniclastics, and also in terms of petroleum systems, it is one of the most diverse.

• The picture is complicated by very diverse lithostratigraphic schemes used by companies that have explored different parts of the basin. These have yet to be satisfactorily reconciled across the basin.

• Although the East Java basin is widely explored, potential still remains for significant oil and gas discoveries in the Eocene syn-rift clastic, deepwater-facies Ngrayong sands, Kujung and Rancak reefs, Pliocene Munduglobigerinid limestones, and Pleistocene volcaniclastic.

• Well-developed infrastructure and nearby industrial market in East Java will absorb every new discovery.

• The East Java Basin is the most wanted area in Indonesia for bidding petroleum acreage from 2000-2005, making it a “hot spot” in exploration.

Regional tectonic setting of Java Manur and Barraclough (1994)

NE Java Basinal Area Major Tectonic Elements

Latief et al. (1990)

Solo Zone KendengZone

Randublatung Zone Rembang – Madura Zone

Madura Strait Madura Island

Kambing Isl.Ketapang Isl.

0 50

S

Eocene / Oligocene

Miocene

Pliocene

Pleistocene

100 km

Pliocene

Uvan Bemmelen (1949)

Configuration of East Java basin

6º S

8º S

7º S

111º E 113º E 115º E

NORTHERN PLATFORM

CENTRAL HIGH

KARIMUNJAWA ARCH MASALEMBO HIGH

LOMBOK BASIN

REMBANG-MADURA-KANGEAN-SAKALA INVERTED ZONE

KENDENG-RANDUBLATUNG-JAVA CENTRAL DEPRESSION

QUATERNARY VOLCANOES

50 KM

N

SOUTHERN UPLIFT

CENTRAL DEEP

Geologic Setting of East Java Basin

Satyana and Darwis (2001)

Johansen (2003)Generalized stratigraphy of the East Java Basin

6º S

8º S

7º S

111º E 113º E 115º E

NORTHERN PLATFORM

CENTRAL HIGH

CENTRAL DEEP

SOUTHERN UPLIFT

REMBANG-MADURA-KANGEAN-SAKALA INVERTED ZONE

NGIMBANG TRENDKUJUNG TREND

50 KM

TAWUN TRENDNGRAYONG TREND

HIGH CO2 CONTENT (25-80 %)

N

Hydrocarbon Habitats of East Java Basin Satyana and Purwaningsih (2002)

Kuti-KrukaLidahLedok SekarkorongNgiono-Tawun

CiplukKertegeneh

Banyubang Tawun-Gegunung

van Bemmelen (1949)

Old Oil Fields of East Java Basin

Old oil fields (Kawengan and others) of Ngrayong-Wonocolo sands, Cepu

Soetantri et al. (1973)

KARIMUNJA

WA ARCH

BAWEAN ARCH

NORTH MADURA PLATFORM

JS - 1 R

IDGE

C E N

T R

A L

D E

E P

EAST CEPU HIGH

PATI TROUGH

MURIAH TROUGH

B D R I D G E

50 KMS

WEST CEPU HIGH

CAMAR TROUGH

N G I M B A N G TROUGH

BD NORTH HALF GRABENKENING

T R O U G H KEMANDUNG RIDGE

MASALEMBO BASIN

Depositional Facies of the Oligo-Miocene Carbonates of the East Java Basin

PATCHREEF OVER PLATFORM

FRINGINGREEF AT RIM OF BASEMENT

LAGOONAL LIME MUD MOUND

SHELF EDGE BARRIER REEF

PINNACLE REEF OVER OFFSHORE ISOLATED PLATFORM

MADURA SUB-BASIN

X X R I D

G E

N

SHELF EDGE

Satyana and Darwis (2001)

SUNDALAND

KARIMUNJAWAARCH

MURIAH TROUGH

BAWEAN ARCH

WEST FLORENCETROUGH

JS - 1 RIDGENORTH MADURA

PLATFORM

Oligo-Miocene Shelf EdgeEAST JAVA DEPOCENTER

SOUTHERN JAVA GEANTICLINE

LATE CRETACEOUS - EARLY TERTIARY

SUBDUCTION

WNW

SSE

LAND-ATTACHED PLATFORM

OFFSHORE ISOLATED PLATFORM

EAST CEPU HIGH

BD RIDGE

SOUTH BD GRABENNORTH BD GRABEN

CENTRAL DEEP

TUBAN TROUGH

NGIMBANG TROUGH

reef

Oligo-Miocene carbonate development on segmented East Java basement

reef

platform

SCHEMATIC, NO SCALE

Future RMKS Fault Zone

Satyana and Darwis (2001)

6º S

8º S

7º S

111º E 113º E 115º E

KARIMUNJAWA ARCH

MURIAH TROUGH

BAWEAN ARCH

FLORENCE TR

OUGH

CENTRAL

DEEP

MASALEMBO TROUGH

MASALEMBO HIGH

JS-5 TROUGHNORTH MADURA PLATFORM

SIBARU PLATFORM

JS-1 RIDGE

EAST CEPU HIGHWEST CEPU HIGH

KEMANDUNG RIDGE

BD RIDGENGIMBANG DEEP

PATI TROUGHTUBAN/BAWEAN TROUGH

KENING TROUGH

CENTRAL HIGH

SOUTH HIGH

SOUTH MADURA BASIN

shelf edge

BIOGENIC GAS FIELDTHERMOGENIC GAS FIELD (WITH CONDENSATE)OIL FIELD (SOME WITH GAS)

O P E N S E A

LANDMASS

50 KM

N

Bukit Tua-Jenggolo

Banyu Urip

L a n d - a t t a c h e d p l a t f o r m s

offshore isolated platforms

Mudi

Sukowati

BD

KE 40KE 23

KE 2 KE 30

Camar

Ujung Pangkah

Sidayu Poleng

Payang

XX RIDGE

Paleogeography of East Java Basin during PaleogeneSatyana and Darwis (2001)

KARIMUNJA

WA ARCH

BAWEAN ARCHNORTH MADURA PLATFORM

JS - 1 R

IDGE

C E N

T R A

L

D E E

P

EAST CEPU HIGHPATI T

ROUGH

MURIAH TROUGH

B D R I D G E

NN50 KMS

OLIGO-MIOCENE CARBONATES

MIOCENE SHELF EDGE

WEST CEPU HIGH

CAMAR TROUGH

N G I M B A N G TROUGH

BD NORTH HALF GRABENK E N I N

G T R O U G H

KEMANDUNG RIDGE

MASALEMBO BASIN

OLIGO-LAMONGAN DEEP

M A D U R A SUB- B A S I N

KITCHEN & HC MIGRATION PATHWAY

J A V A G E A N T I C L I N E

E. BAWEAN TROUGH

Banyu Urip

XX R I D G E

Satyana and Purwaningsih (2002)

HC Charging of the Oligo-Miocene carbonates, East Java Basin

INVERTED CENTRAL TROUGH SOUTHERN BASIN

THRUST FLAT ABOVE FOOTWALL

MULTIPLE

N S

Bransden & Matthews (1992)

FOOTWALL BLOCK INVERTED

EXTENSIONAL FAULT

7º

S

NORTHERN PLATFORM

CENTRAL DEEP

SOUTHERN UPLIFT

INDEX MAP

Inverted structure of the RMKS fault zone in the Sakala area

30 KM

Ardhana (1993)

Deepwater fans of the East Java Basin

MADURA STRAIT ONSHORE EAST JAVA NE JAVA SEA

BASIN SHELF

sea levelSLOPE

S N

sea level

DEPOSITIONAL UNITS

CROSS-BEDDED SHELF/SLOPE SANDSTONESSANDY TURBIDITE BODIES

LIMESTONES

CONTOURITE PODS

MUDSTONES

KUJUNG FM OR OLDER REEFS

BASEMENT

KUJUNG

NGRAYONG

KE 11 GKE 11 EKE 11 C

BD - 1

Ardhana (1993)

I

IIIII

II

I II III

Middle Miocene deepwater plays of East Java Basin

Paleogene carbonates of East Java : prolific reservoirs

Globigerinid Deposition in East Java Basin Schiller et al. (1994)

Volcaniclastic Deposits of East Java Willumsen and Schiller (1994)

Southwest Java Basin

• The basin was drilled by Ujung Kulon-1 (Amoco, 1970s) and Malingping -1 (British Gas, 1999). Both wells are dry holes.

• The basin had a complicated post-rift Neogene tectonic history.• The Eocene Bayah formation and the Eocene Ciletuh formation arenites

demonstrate excellent reservoir (Keetley et al., 1997; Schiller et al., 1991).• Although not of lacustrine affinity, the deltaic Bayah formations deposited in

SW Java basin provide evidence for the development of reservoir and source facies in the syn-rift stage of fore-arc development.

• Turbiditic fan sands in the SW Java basin also demonstrate excellent reservoir potential.

• Numerous oil seeps were encountered in onshore Bayah area. • A rapid increase in geothermal gradient in the Pliocene-Pleistocene is

recognized (Soenandar, 1997) – also recognized in Sunda, Asri, NW Java basins.

Yulianto et al. (2007)Physiography of Southwest Java

Yulianto et al. (2007)

Keetley et al. (1997)

Clement and Hall (2007)

Late Eocene Paleogeography of Western Part of Java

Banyumas-South Central Java Basins• Numerous oil seeps were encountered in Banyumas area. • The Banyumas Basin was drilled by Cipari-1 (BPM), Karang Nangka-1, Gunung

Wetan-1, Karang Gedang-1 (Pertamina), Jati-1 (Lundin)• Some wells encountered oil and gas shows. The wells could not penetrate

deeper horizons due mechanical trouble of overpressured shales. • Potential reservoirs are late Miocene Halang-Rambatan volcaniclastic sands,

early Miocene Kalipucang reefs, Oligo-Miocene Gabon volcaniclastic sands, and middle Eocene Nanggulan deltaic quartzitic sands, folded and faulted in late Miocene time.

• Potential sources are middle-late Eocene Nanggulan/Karangsambung shales(TOC up to 7.5 %) and early Miocene bituminous shales of Kalipucang/Pemaliformations (TOC up to 15.6 %), presently are within early-mid mature window (Muchsin et al., 2002).

• Offshore South Central Java basin has been drilled by Alveolina-1 and Borelis-1 (Jawa Shell, early 1970’s) offshore south Yogyakarta. Alveolina-1 encountered excellent reservoir of middle-late Miocene Wonosari carbonates. Borelis-1 missed the reservoir due to facies changes to shales. The both wells are dry due to no HC charging (Bolliger and Ruiter, 1975).

Satyana (2005, 2006, 2007)

North Serayu Basin, Central Java was ancient deep water basin. Presently, it is uplifted onshore deformed zone.

van Bemmelen (1949)Satyana and Armandita (2004)

south northdeep water sedimentation

opportunity for hydrocarbons generation, migration, and entrapment

northern Central Java

Prolific Hydrocarbon Seeps in Central Java and Bogor-North Serayu Troughs

Armandita et al. (2009)

Hydrocarbon seeps along high areas from Kuningan to Banyumas area

Armandita et al. (2009)

Early to Middle Miocene lithofacies

Stratigraphic correlation from Borelis-1 to Alveolina-1

Tectonic setting of South Central Java forearc basin

Exploring petroleum potential of Early-Middle Miocene

carbonates in South Central Java forearc basin

modified after Bolliger and de Ruiter (1975)

C B A

ATcoral boundstone with branching corals bafflestone

encrustring red algae with some pores development (white colored)

Facies relationship of Wonosari carbonates

Tectonic setting

Framework for petroleum opportunity of Middle-Late

Miocene Wonosari carbonates, South Central Java

modified after Hehuwat & Siregar (2004)

Shallow cores from locations near Nanggulan, Central Java. These Eocene fluvio-deltaic shallow marine (1,2), shoreface (3,4), and distributary channel (5-8) sands are potential reservoir sands. Netherwood (2000)