5minds Howard Gardner
Post on 07-Nov-2014
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HOWARD GARDNER
Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education.
Adjunct Professor of Psychology at Harvard University and Senior Director of Harvard Project Zero.
Best known for theory of multiple intelligences. Author of several hundred articles and two
dozen books.
Ph.D., Harvard University
5 MINDS FOR THE FUTURE Five minds are different from the 8 or 9 human
intelligences.
Five minds make use of our several intelligences.
Better thought of as a broad use of the mind that can be cultivated at school, in a profession or at the workplace.
Book is meant to convince the reader of the need to cultivate these minds and illustrates the best ways to do so.
Gradner wants policy makers in Education to be aware of the five minds.
They should know what kind of individual will emerge from education.
This book helps policy makers to posit explicit goals for the future.
5 MINDS FOR THE FUTURE
5 MINDS:THE DISCIPLINED MIND
THE SYNTHESIZING MINDTHE CREATIVE MIND
THE RESPECTFUL MINDTHE ETHICAL MIND
THE DISCIPLINED MIND
DISCIPLINE: TWO CONNOTATIONS IN THE DISCIPLINED MIND
“Mastery of at least one way of thinking a distinctive mode of cognition that characterizes a specific scholarly discipline, craft, or profession.” (Gardner, 2008,p.3)
Training to perfect a discipline (it takes around 10 years to become an expert in a certain discipline).
“An individual is disciplined to the extent that she has acquired the habits that allow her to make steady and essentially unending progress to the mastery of a skill.” (Gardner, 2008, p. 40)
Possess discipline and continue practicing it.
Students may have obtained plenty of factual or subject matter knowledge but they have not learned to think in a disciplined manner.
A discipline constitutes a distinctive way about thinking.
• Not about facts that have been committed to memory
• About the connections, underlying questions, and structures that give meaning to the information.
In the future, individuals who wish to thrive will need to be experts in at least one area-they will need a discipline.
HOW TO DISCIPLINE A MIND?
“Identify truly important topics or concepts within the discipline.”
“Spend a significant amount of time on this topic.”
“Approach the topic in a number of ways.”
Individuals learn in a variety of ways
(This is where this mind encounters Gardener’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences)
“performance of understanding” give students opportunity to perform their understanding in a variety of conditions.
12
34
(Gardner, pp 32-34)
THE SYNTHESIZING MIND
SYNTHESIZING MIND
Synthesis requires us to put together elements
(information) that were originally discrete or disparate.
The ability to knit together information from disparate
sources into a coherent whole is vital.
The ability to synthesize ideas is a vital future skill - a
skill basic to innovative leadership.
Broken down into 8 common kinds of synthesis:
1. NARRATIVES 2. TAXONOMIES
3. COMPLEX CONCEPTS 4. APHORISMS
5. POWERFUL METAPHORS, IMAGES, AND THEMES
Global Warming
6. EMBODIMENTS WITHOUT WORDS
Picasso’s “Guernica”
7. THEORY 8. METATHEORY
THE CREATIVE MIND
“It brings forth new ideas, poses unfamiliar questions, conjures up fresh ways of thinking, arrives at unexpected answers.” (Gardner, 2008, p. 3)
WE as parents, educators, and community members, must take care to nourish the seeds of creativity.
“Recognizing, nurturing and amplifying students diverse talents will underpin successful future schools” (Gardner, 2008, p. 94).
EXTRAORDINARY EXAMPLES OF THECREATING MINDS:
Martha Graham
(1894-1991) American dancer, choreographer, and teacher, was a world
leading innovator of modern dance.
Founder of: Dance Repertory Theater in New York; Bennington School of Arts at
Bennington College in Vermont, and Martha Graham School of Contemporary Dance in
New York
Bill Gates
Co-founder of Microsoft Software Company
Philanthropist in areas of global health and learning
Self-made billionaire.
THE RESPECTFUL MIND
“Responding sympathetically and constructively to differences among groups; seeking to understand and work with those who are different; extending beyond mere tolerance and political correctness.” (Gardner, 2008, p.157)
Respect begins shortly after birth.
Responsibility of promoting respect among different
groups, and displaying respect publicly should be
distributed across society.
Respect is NOT political correctness .
A truly respectful individual offers the benefit of the
doubt to all human beings
PROMISING ACTIONS
School programs with philanthropic tendencies
Barenboim-Said Middle Eastern orchestra Yo-Yo Ma’s Silk Road Project
((intercultural) Commissions on Peace and Reconciliation
(South Africa, Ireland, India, etc)
THE ETHICAL MIND
Higher level of abstraction than respectful mind
Conceptualizing oneself as a (good) worker Conceptualizing oneself as a (good) citizen Acting appropriately in both roles How this plays out in an educational or
corporate community
We as educators cannot guide children to good work because the children do not know what work they will be doing in the future. But as role models we can provide the examples to grow to the ethical mind of good work.
THE 4 M’S TOWARD THE ETHICAL MIND
Mission Models
Mirror Test-Individual Mirror Test- Professional
Responsibility
TIMELINE FOR 5 MINDS IN FORMAL EDUCATION
Respect
Discipline
Synthesis
Ethics“Creativity goes hand in glove with disciplinary thinking.” (Gardner, p. 162)
WHY DOES PROFESSOR GARDNER BELIEVE OUR FUTURE REQUIRES THESE 5 MINDS?
Individuals withoutcreating capabilities will
be replaces by computersand will drive away those
who do have the creative spark.
Individuals without synthesizing
capabilities will be over-whelmed by information and
unable to make judicious decisions about personal or
professional matters.
Individuals without respect will not be
worthy of respect by others and will poison
the workplace and the commons.
Individuals without ethics will yield a world
devoid of decent workersAnd responsible
citizens none of us willwant to live on the
desolute planet.
Individuals without one or more disciplines will not be able to succeed at any demanding workplace and will be restricted
to menial tasks.
5 MINDS FOR THE FUTURE
These 5 minds will be crucial in the current world and those who succeed in cultivating the minds are most likely to thrive.
It is up to the Education system as a whole to ensure that this ensemble of minds is cultivated.
In the workplace, managers must challenge individuals to maintain the 5 minds, sharpen them and offer them as role models for future recruits.
Managers should address deficiencies in one or more of these kinds of minds.
REFERENCES
Gardner, H. (2008). 5 Minds for the Future. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Press.
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