Transcript
A Computer is a device that allows you to input data, process data quickly and efficiently, receive outputs and store data.
Thus a computer consists of one or more input devices, output devices, store devices and processing unit.
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Can not think it self Task to be describe in detail Can not learn form experience Wrong information provided result also
wrong
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First Generation (1940-1956)◦ Use of vacuum tubes◦ Big & Clumsy◦ High Electricity
Consumption◦ Programming in Mechanical
Language◦ Larger AC were needed◦ Lot of electricity failure
occurred
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Continue…
Second Generation (1956-1963)◦ Transistors were used◦ Core Memory was
developed◦ Faster than First Generation
computers◦ First Operating System was
developed◦ Programming was in
Machine Language & Aseembly Language
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Continue…
Second Generation (1956-1963)◦ Magnetic tapes & discs
were used◦ Computers became smaller
in size than the First Generation computers◦ Computers consumed less
heat & consumed less electricity
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Continued…
Third Generation (1964-1971)◦ Integrated circuits
developed◦ Power consumption was
low◦ SSI & MSI Technology was
used◦ High level languages were
used
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Fourth Generation (1971 onwards)◦ LSI & VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)
Technology used◦ Development of Portable Computers◦ RAID Technology of data storage◦ Used in virtual reality, multimedia, simulation◦ Computers started in use for Data Communication◦ Different types of memories with very high
accessing speed & storage capacity
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Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond)◦ Used in parallel processing◦ Used superconductors◦ Used in speech recognition◦ Used in intelligent robots◦ Used in artificial intelligence
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Microcomputer:◦ It is small in size but capable of handling large
tasks. Minicomputer:◦ It can very in size from a small desktop model to
the size of a small filling cabinet. Mainframe Computer:◦ It is more powerful & large in size.
Super Computer◦ It is largest, fastest and most expensive computer.
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Hardware◦ The hardware consist of all devices of the computer that
you can see and touch. These include input, processing and output devices.
Software◦ The software is sets of instruction that control the
working of the computer’s operations Super Computer Data (text, Audio, Video, Graphics)◦ Data consists or raw facts and figures which manipulates
and processes into meaningful information. Users◦ A User is a person who uses the computer externally
with a specific objective.
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Hardware
Input Device Output DeviceCPU (Central
Processing Unit)
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Collect Date, Information Convert Into machine language Send to CPUE.g.
1. Keyboard2. Mouse3. Scanner4. Mic
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Receive from CPU Convert into Human Language Send to UserE.g..
1. Monitor2. Printer3. Speaker
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Traditional Keyboard Argonic Keyboard
Wireless Keyboard Flexible Keyboard
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1. Alphabetic keys a-z2. Numeric keys 0-93. Alpha Numeric Keys !-)4. Navigation Keys Arrows, End, Home
Page Up, Page Dn5. Functional Keys F1-F126. Combination Keys Shift, Alt, Ctrl7. Toggle Keys Num Lock, Scroll
Lock, Caps Lock8. Special Keys
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CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
LCD (Liquid crystal Display) Monitor
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SVGA (Super Video Graphic Array)◦ 800 X 600 Pixels 15” Monitor
XGA (Extended Graphic Array)◦ 1,024 X 768 Pixels 17” To 19”
SXGA (Super Extended Graphics Array)◦ 1,280 X 1,034 Pixels 19” To 21”
UXGA (Ultra Extended Graphics Array)◦ 1,600 X 1,200 Pixels Above 21”
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Impact Printer (printing with hammering)◦ Daze wheel printer◦ Dot Matrix Printer
Non Impact Printer (printing without hammering)◦ Ink-Jet Printer◦ Laser Printer
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CPU
CU (Control Unit)ALU (Arithmetic &
Logical Unit)MU (Memory Unit)
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Memory Type as per
Flexibility Period Preference
ROM (Read Only Memory)
Non-Removable
Permanent -
RAM (Random Access Memory
Non-Removable
Temporary Primary
Hard Disk Non-Removable
Permanent Secondary
Floppy Disk Removable Permanent Secondary
Compact Disk (CD)
Removable Permanent Secondary
Pen Drive Removable Permanent Secondary
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0/1 1 Bit 4 Bit 1 Nibble 8 Bit 1 Byte 1 Character 1 Byte 1 Space 1 Byte 1 Enter/Paragraph 2 Byte
Computer Fundamentals
Continue…
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1024 Byte 1 Kilo Byte (KB) 1024 KB 1 Mega Byte (MB) 1024 MB 1 Giga Byte (GB) 1024 GB 1 Terabyte (TB)
Computer Fundamentals
…Continued
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RAM 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB
Hard Disk 2 GB, 10 GB, 20 GB, 40 GB, 80 GB, 160 GB, 320 GB,
Floppy 1.44 MBCD 700 MBDVD 4.7 GBPen Drive 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB
Computer Fundamentals
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System Software◦ Operating System◦ Utility Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter Uninstaller Antivirus◦ Device Driver
Application Software
Computer Fundamentals
DOS Windows
B/W Screen Color Screen
CUI (Character User Interface)
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
Single Tasking Multiple Tasking
Single User Multiple User
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