2. worms

Between the Tides

The Sponges: Phylum Porifera

e.g. Haliclona sp

• Multicellular• No tissues• Sessile • Filter feeders

The Sponges: Phylum Porifera

• Characterized by their spicules– Calcium– Spongin– silica

The Sponges: Phylum Porifera Filter Feeders

Filtering Barrel and Chimney Sponges.flv

The Sponges: Phylum Porifera

Sessile?

Not Always

Thanks to their symbiotic friend the Hermit crab

The Sponges: Phylum PoriferaSponges: defense

• many sponges produce toxins and have bright warning colouration

• some sponge toxins work against other sponges competing for space

The Sponges: Phylum Porifera

The Sponges: Phylum Porifera

• Glass Sponge Reefs

The Sponges: Phylum Porifera Our Reefs

Sea Anemone and JelliesPhylum Cnidaria

Sea Anemone and JelliesPhylum Cnidaria

Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum CnidariaClass Scyphozoa

Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum CnidariaClass Scyphozoa

Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum CnidariaClass Scyphozoa

Alternations of Generations

Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa

Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa

Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria

Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa

• Jellies not present during their lifecycle

• Have stinging cells called nematocysts

• Carnivores• Can move on their

pedal foot and some can swim.

• Corals also found within this class

Anemone Reproduction

Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria

Class AnthozoaSplitting Anemone

Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria

Class AnthozoaSwimming Anemone

Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa

FlatwormsPhylum Platyhelminthes

FlatwormsPhylum Platyhelminthes

• Bilaterally symetrical• Dorsoventrally

flattened• Very motile• Digestive system with

a mouth but no anus• No circulatory system• Do have an excretory

system• Cephalization

FlatwormsPhylum Platyhelminthes

FlatwormsPhylum Platyhelminthes

Swimming

FlatwormsPhylum Platyhelminthes

Hermaphroditic

FlatwormsPhylum Platyhelminthes

Regenerative

Ribbon Worms – Phylum Nemertea

Ribbon Worms – Phylum Nemertea

• Bilateral• Movement via mucus,

cilia and muscles• Carnivores• Mouth and anus• Circulatory and

excretory system

Ribbon Worms – Phylum Nemertea

Unusual Characteristic

• Muscular eversible proboscis

• Rynchocoel

Ribbon Worms – Phylum Nemertea

Ribbon Worms – Phylum Nemertea

Ribbon Worms – Phylum Nemertea

Proboscis

Worms with LegsPhylum Annelida

Worms with Legs - Phylum Annelida

Nereis sp.• Phylum also includes

earth worms and leeches

• Segmented bodies and organs

• Motile or sessile• Carnivores with jaws• Epitoky

Worms with Legs - Phylum Annelida

Worms with Legs - Phylum AnnelidaClass Polychaeta

Worms with Legs - Phylum AnnelidaClass Polychaeta

Worms with Legs - Phylum Annelida Class Polychaeta

Worms with Legs - Phylum AnnelidaEudistylia vancouverii

Worms with Legs - Phylum Annelida

Epitoky

Worms with Legs - Phylum AnnelidaEpitoky

Worms with Legs - Phylum AnnelidaScale worms - free living and symbiotic

Phylum Mollusca

Almost all have the following in common:

– Mantle– Foot– radula

Whelks, Nudibranchs and Limpets collectively known as Gastropods

Nucella sp.

• 90 – 180 o Torsion• Shells smooth or

fringed (in sheltered waters)

• Some may develop fringe in the presence of predators

• Drill and feed on barnacles

Archidoris sp.

Rostanga and Aeolidia

• Lost torsion and shell during development

• Feed on sponges and anemones

• Incorporate spicules or nematocysts for defense

Tectura sp

• Shell torsion lost during development

• Algae grazers• Very territorial with

other limpets

Chitons also called Polyplacophora

Mopalia sp.

• 8 shell plates– Bound by a leather

girdle so that they can roll up into a ball

• Graze on algae• No eyes or tentacles

but have light sensors built in their shell

Katharina sp.

Phylum Arthropoda

• More than 900,000 known species

• Marine, fresh water, terrestrial and airborne

• Temperature extremes

• Have an exoskeleton• Jointed appendages• molt

Pycnogonid – sea spider

• Body not divided into distinct regions

• Very slow moving• Appendages at the

head which are used to groom the opposite sex’s legs and are used by the males to carry fertilized eggs

Isopods, Amphipods, Shrimp and Crabs collectively known as

Crustaceans

Sea StarPhylum Echinodermata

• Penta radial• An endo skeleton

made up of Calcareous ossicles

• Tube feet• Connective tissue is

mutable meaning it can rapidly change from stiff to fluid.

Sea StarPhylum Echinodermata

• Penta radial• An endo skeleton

made up of Calcareous ossicles

• Tube feet• Connective tissue is

mutable meaning it can rapidly change from stiff to fluid.