Between the Tides
Between the Tides
The Sponges: Phylum Porifera
e.g. Haliclona sp
• Multicellular• No tissues• Sessile • Filter feeders
The Sponges: Phylum Porifera
• Characterized by their spicules– Calcium– Spongin– silica
The Sponges: Phylum Porifera Filter Feeders
Filtering Barrel and Chimney Sponges.flv
The Sponges: Phylum Porifera
Sessile?
Not Always
Thanks to their symbiotic friend the Hermit crab
The Sponges: Phylum PoriferaSponges: defense
• many sponges produce toxins and have bright warning colouration
• some sponge toxins work against other sponges competing for space
The Sponges: Phylum Porifera
The Sponges: Phylum Porifera
• Glass Sponge Reefs
The Sponges: Phylum Porifera Our Reefs
Sea Anemone and JelliesPhylum Cnidaria
Sea Anemone and JelliesPhylum Cnidaria
Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum CnidariaClass Scyphozoa
Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum CnidariaClass Scyphozoa
Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum CnidariaClass Scyphozoa
Alternations of Generations
Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa
Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa
Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria
Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa
• Jellies not present during their lifecycle
• Have stinging cells called nematocysts
• Carnivores• Can move on their
pedal foot and some can swim.
• Corals also found within this class
Anemone Reproduction
Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria
Class AnthozoaSplitting Anemone
Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria
Class AnthozoaSwimming Anemone
Sea Anemone and Jellies - Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa
FlatwormsPhylum Platyhelminthes
FlatwormsPhylum Platyhelminthes
• Bilaterally symetrical• Dorsoventrally
flattened• Very motile• Digestive system with
a mouth but no anus• No circulatory system• Do have an excretory
system• Cephalization
FlatwormsPhylum Platyhelminthes
FlatwormsPhylum Platyhelminthes
Swimming
FlatwormsPhylum Platyhelminthes
Hermaphroditic
FlatwormsPhylum Platyhelminthes
Regenerative
Ribbon Worms – Phylum Nemertea
Ribbon Worms – Phylum Nemertea
• Bilateral• Movement via mucus,
cilia and muscles• Carnivores• Mouth and anus• Circulatory and
excretory system
Ribbon Worms – Phylum Nemertea
Unusual Characteristic
• Muscular eversible proboscis
• Rynchocoel
Ribbon Worms – Phylum Nemertea
Ribbon Worms – Phylum Nemertea
Ribbon Worms – Phylum Nemertea
Proboscis
Worms with LegsPhylum Annelida
Worms with Legs - Phylum Annelida
Nereis sp.• Phylum also includes
earth worms and leeches
• Segmented bodies and organs
• Motile or sessile• Carnivores with jaws• Epitoky
Worms with Legs - Phylum Annelida
Worms with Legs - Phylum AnnelidaClass Polychaeta
Worms with Legs - Phylum AnnelidaClass Polychaeta
Worms with Legs - Phylum Annelida Class Polychaeta
Worms with Legs - Phylum AnnelidaEudistylia vancouverii
Worms with Legs - Phylum Annelida
Epitoky
Worms with Legs - Phylum AnnelidaEpitoky
Worms with Legs - Phylum AnnelidaScale worms - free living and symbiotic
Phylum Mollusca
Almost all have the following in common:
– Mantle– Foot– radula
Whelks, Nudibranchs and Limpets collectively known as Gastropods
Nucella sp.
• 90 – 180 o Torsion• Shells smooth or
fringed (in sheltered waters)
• Some may develop fringe in the presence of predators
• Drill and feed on barnacles
Archidoris sp.
Rostanga and Aeolidia
• Lost torsion and shell during development
• Feed on sponges and anemones
• Incorporate spicules or nematocysts for defense
Tectura sp
• Shell torsion lost during development
• Algae grazers• Very territorial with
other limpets
Chitons also called Polyplacophora
Mopalia sp.
• 8 shell plates– Bound by a leather
girdle so that they can roll up into a ball
• Graze on algae• No eyes or tentacles
but have light sensors built in their shell
Katharina sp.
Phylum Arthropoda
• More than 900,000 known species
• Marine, fresh water, terrestrial and airborne
• Temperature extremes
• Have an exoskeleton• Jointed appendages• molt
Pycnogonid – sea spider
• Body not divided into distinct regions
• Very slow moving• Appendages at the
head which are used to groom the opposite sex’s legs and are used by the males to carry fertilized eggs
Isopods, Amphipods, Shrimp and Crabs collectively known as
Crustaceans
Sea StarPhylum Echinodermata
• Penta radial• An endo skeleton
made up of Calcareous ossicles
• Tube feet• Connective tissue is
mutable meaning it can rapidly change from stiff to fluid.
Sea StarPhylum Echinodermata
• Penta radial• An endo skeleton
made up of Calcareous ossicles
• Tube feet• Connective tissue is
mutable meaning it can rapidly change from stiff to fluid.