15-11-09 Automated Driving · 11/9/2015 · Driver AD Public Division Chassis & Safety permanently monitor the system 1959 (Porsche 356) silent Driver Only Level 0 Driver 1998 (Mercedes
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(24,4 x 7,6 cm)(24,4 x 7,6 cm)
From Assisted to Automated Driving
Alfred Eckert, Head of Advanced Engineering,Continental Chassis & Safety Division
Chassis & Safety
Business TrendIncreasing Level of Automation
Conditional/High
Automation
FullAutomation
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
Assisted
Automation
PartialAutomation
Time
9 November 20152A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Consumer DemandEuro NCAP Rating Scheme 2013 - 2017
AdultOccupant Protection
SafetyAssist
Frontal ODBFrontal FWSide BarrierSide PoleWhiplash FrontWhiplash RearAEB City
Seat Belt ReminderESCSpeed Assist SystemLDW / LKAAEB Inter-Urban
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
ChildOccupant Protection
Active Safety
PedestrianProtection
HeadformUpper LegformLower LegformAEB VRU (2016)
AEB-IU: Autnonomous Emergency Braking Inter-Urban, LKA: Lane Keeping Assist, LDW: Lane Departure Warning, VRU: Vulnerable Road Users
9 November 20153A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Lane Departure WarningLane Departure Warning Advanced Emergency Braking System
Advanced Emergency Braking System
Electronic Stability Control ESC
Electronic Stability Control ESC
Advanced Driver Assistance SystemsKey Technologies
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
Short Range Lidar SRL Advanced Radar Sensor ARS Multi Function Camera MFCMK 100 ESC®
9 November 20154A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Cooperative SafetyVehicle-to-X - Short Range & Long Range Communication
Short RangeV2X COMMUNICATION
Long Range
+
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
Backend & Cloud Services@ ContinentaleHorizon Telematics Box
› Vehicle-to-Backend Applications› Big Data processing with IBM› High precision maps with Nokia
HERE
V2X@ ContinentalApplication Unit with M2XPro®
› V2X (safety) applications› Real-time data processing› Data security
9 November 20155A. Eckert, © Continental AG
+
Cooperative SafetyLeft Turn Assist
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
Left Turn Assist (LTA) and Intersection Movement As sist (IMA) – could prevent up to 592,000 crashes and save up to 1,083 lives saved per year i n the U.S. Study On Readiness of V2V (2014), NHTSA
9 November 20156A. Eckert, © Continental AG
2
Driver Assistance – Quo Vadis?
Future Vision of Autonomous DrivingEvolution of Driving Functions
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
Level 0Level 1
Level 2
Driver Only
Assisted
PartialAutomation
Level of automation* *terms acc. to SAE draft J3016
2013 (Mercedes S-Class)
1998 (Mercedes S-Class)
1959 (Porsche 356)
Source: AutoBild / Nr. 19 / 13. Mai 2011 © AUTO BILD/N.Oskamp
9 November 20157A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Future Vision of Autonomous DrivingEvolution of Driving Functions
2Level 3
Level 4Level 5
Conditional
HighAutomation
FullAutomation
System performs the lateral and longitudinal dynamic
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
Level 0Level 1
Level 2
Driver Only
Assisted
PartialAutomation
ConditionalAutomation
Automation
Level of automation* *terms acc. to SAE draft J3016
2013 (Mercedes S-Class)
1998 (Mercedes S-Class)
1959 (Porsche 356)
System performs the lateral and longitudinal dynamic driving task in all situations in a defined use case .
System performs longitudinal and lateral driving task in a defined use case. Recognizes performance limits and requests driver to resume dynamic driving tasks with sufficient time margin.
and longitudinal dynamic driving task in all situations encountered during the entire journey . No driver required.
9 November 20158A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Assisted Driving / Automated DrivingInteraction Scheme
Fus
ion
& S
ituat
ion
Inte
rpre
tatio
n
Instinct / Knowledge
see
hear / talk
Dec
isio
n
Motion Command Arbitration
Driving Task Keep Distance Keep Lane
Driv
er
feel
Conditional, High or Full Automation *)Assisted or Partial Automation *)
Instinct / Knowledge
Driv
er
feel
see
Motion Command Arbitration
Driving Task Keep Distance Keep LaneD
ecis
ion
hear / talk Fus
ion
& S
ituat
ion
Inte
rpre
tatio
n
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
*) Source: BASt-study - Definitions of Automation and Legal Issues in Germany, 25th July 2012, Tom M. Gasser / Daniel Westhoff, German Federal Highway Research Institute
Fus
ion
& S
ituat
ion
Inte
rpre
tatio
n
hear / talk
Accelerating
Braking
Steering
Artificial Intelligence
hear / talk
see
Ass
ista
ntTelematics
feel
Dec
isio
n
Safe &Comfortable
DrivingMotion Control& Actuation
MachineSen
sor F
usio
n &
S
ituat
ion/
Driv
er
Inte
ntio
nIn
terp
reta
tionAccelerating
Braking
Steering
Telematics
Dec
isio
n
Safe &Comfortable
DrivingMotion Control& Actuation
AssistantSen
sor F
usio
n &
S
ituat
ion/
Driv
er
Inte
ntio
nIn
terp
reta
tion
Artificial Intelligence
see
Ass
ista
nt feel
hear / talk
hear / talk
Fus
ion
& S
ituat
ion
Inte
rpre
tatio
n
9 November 20159A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Automated DrivingMotivations & Success FactorsMotivation 1:
Converting driving time to higher valued time
Success depends on consumer valued benefit/cost ratio
Motivation 2:
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety 9 November 2015
10A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Motivation 2:
Accident-free driving, the prerequisite for Motivation 1 (boosting Vision Zero)
Success depends on economic valued benefit/cost ratio(e.g. 174 bn. € 1) economic saving potential in EU should be motivation for politics)
1) Acc. to REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL concerning Type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, Impact Assessment, {COM(2008) 316} {SEC(2008) 1909} Brussels, 23.05.2008, total economic damage in EU amounts to 229 bn €. ���� 229 bn € * 0.76 2) = 174 bn €
2) Acc. to European Commission, Directorate General Information Society and Media, Informal document No.: ITS-13-07 (13th session of ITS, 23 June 2006, agenda item 3.) in 76% of the cases the human is solely to blame of all road accidents.
The driverneed not
(permanently)monitor
the system
The drivermust
Assist and Automation
fail
2013 (Mercedes S-Class)
• ABS, BA• ESC• DAS package *
Partial AutomationLevel 2 System
Driver
Jum
p in
HW
/SW
redu
ndan
cyan
dlia
bilit
y!
failoperational(redundant)Conditional,
High AutomationLevel 3, 4
System2020
Full AutomationLevel 5 (Driver)
System>2025
•••
•••
FullyAD
HighlyADDriver
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
mustpermanently
monitorthe system
1959 (Porsche 356)
failsilent
Driver OnlyLevel 0
Driver
1998 (Mercedes S-Class)• ABS, BA• ESC• ACC
AssistedLevel 1
DriverSystem
• DAS package * Level 2 System HW
/SW
ABS: Anti-lock Brake System, AD: Automated Driving, ACC: Adaptive Cruise Control BA: Brake Assist, DAS: Driver Assistance Systems, EBA: Emergency Brake Assist,ESC: Electronic Stability Control, IHC: Intelligent Headlamp Control, LDW, Lane Departure Warning, LKA: Lane Keeping Assist,
9 November 201511A. Eckert, © Continental AG
*DAS package: ACC, Pre-SAFE, LDW, LKA, IHC
The Interaction More StructuredFunctional Architecture as the Basis for the System Approach
Environment &Vehicle Sensing
DriverMonitoring
Connectivity &Backend
ModelingDriver Model
Vehicle Model
Environment Model
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
HAD Functions
Traffic Jam Parking City Highway
HMI Action(Motion Control)
Steering Brakes Engine Gearbox
9 November 201512A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Driver
E/E-ArchitectureDistributed Architecture with High Complexity
Accel.Pedal Brake Pedal
ClutchPedal
GearShifter
Closed Loop Feedback
…
Steering Wheel
Radar Sensor Camera
preconditioning preconditioning
Backend
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
Clutch
Vehicle Motion
Trans-mission
Brake SystemEngine
ACC LKA…
SteeringSystem
…
ACC: Adaptive Cruise ControlE/E: Electric/ElectronicLKA: Lane Keeping Assist
9 November 201513A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Accel.Pedal Brake Pedal
Closed Loop Feedback
…
Steering Wheel
Radar Sensor Camera
preconditioning preconditioning
Backend
Environment model
scalableGear
ShifterClutchPedal
Driver
Scalable E/E-ArchitectureLayered Approach for Different Levels of Automation
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
Vehicle Motion
ACC LKA…
…
Motion Vector
Command Generation
Motion Control
SteeringSystem Clutch
Trans-mission Engine
Brake System
scalable
9 November 201514A. Eckert, © Continental AG
E/E: Electric/Electronic
Data FusionNecessary for an Efficient Environment Perception and Integration
Multifunctional Camera(Mono/Stereo)
e.g. Ethernet Standard Sensors(Wheel Speed, Steering Angle, Ultrasonic, etc.)
Backend/V2X
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
Chassis Domain Control Unit
Micro Cameras(for Surround View and Interior)
e.g. Ethernet
Radar Sensors(short and long Range)
Angle, Ultrasonic, etc.)
Lidar
9 November 201515A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Sensors, Maps and Online Data – Dynamic eHorizonThe Vehicle Looks Around the Corner
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
Vehicle sensor range 0-300m
9 November 201516A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Human-Machine-InterfaceAugmented Reality will be Key for Driver Acceptance
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety 9 November 2015
17A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Modular Redundant Electronic Brake System for Highl y Automated Driving
1
BUS P2P
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
2
1
ControllerNetwork
BUS 2
BUS 1
9 November 201518A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Hurdles on the Way to Automated DrivingSecurity Protection
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety 9 November 2015
19A. Eckert, © Continental AG
TARGETCURRENT INTERMEDIATE(based on Target)
Aut
onom
ous
Driv
ing
Goal: L4
Highways
L3 Highways
L3 enhanced Highways
L2 Highways
2016 20222020 2025
L3 L22020
2030
L4
Automated Driving Roadmap – Market LaunchC&S Hardware & Architecture Generations / Goals
L22016 2018
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
L5 -
Aut
onom
ous
Driv
ing
Goal: L5 parking (restricted areas)
L2 parking(remote)
L2 parking (in car)
2018
L3 Urban
L2 parking (trained)
2020valet
parking
L2Urban
L4Urban
L2NCAP
2022
9 November 201520A. Eckert, © Continental AG
Function Remote ParkingParallel Parking:
Perpendicular Parking:
Garage Parking:
Description
› Parking Assist provides an automated parking facility.
› Free parking spaces are detected and displayed in the surround view image.
PublicDivision Chassis & Safety
surround view image.
› The driver nominates a particular parking space using a touch screen display and may exit the vehicle.
› The system controls the steering to manoeuvre the vehicle into the parkingspace, while the driver remotely controls the forwards/backwards motion.
9 November 201521A. Eckert, © Continental AG
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