Transcript
Makers, design and exaptation
Pierpaolo AndrianiKedge Business School
Marseille, France
What is a horse?
What is a chair?
Biology
Data (genome)
Unfolding history
Organism
Technology
Information (file)
Unfolding history
Product/service
machinery machinery
The evolution of form
Form (bits)
Form (atoms)
We can separate the design of a product from its manufacture for the first time in history, because all the information necessary to print that object is built into the design
Bass: The past present and future of 3-D printing http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-innovations/the-past-present-and-future-of-3-d printing/2011/08/21/gIQAg4fJZJ_story.html
Like in biology, the evolution of form proceeds on two levels
Atom/form becomes the instantiation of the bit/form
Form as information
embedded in atoms
From bits to atoms: 3D printersBrook Drumm
Form 1
Pwdr 3D Printer
Reprap
Makerbot – Replicator 2XTinkerine Ditto
Solidoodle
ORDbot
Reprap – Rostock Design
From atoms to bits: 3D scanners
Zcorp
Viuscan Laser Scanner
Photosimile 5000
SCENECT: scanning with Kinect
Go!SCAN 3D
http://www.bitrebels.com/technology/lego-3d-scanner-bringing-real-objects-into-a-3d-world/
Makerbot scanner
http://www.soyacincau.com/2011/01/08/trimensional-turn-your-iphone-4-into-a-3d-scanner/
The Maker Design Cycle (MDC)
Form (bits)
Form (atoms)
3D scanning
3D printing
3D design
What does it mean for design?
but … can we have a proliferation of forms without limits?
What drives forms?
FunctionForm (bits)
Form (atoms)
3D scanning
3D printing
3D design
The synthesis of artificial form
Design is
‘the process of inventing physical things which display new physical
order, form, in response to function’ (Alexander, 1964, page 1)
But then what drives function?
FunctionForm (bits)
Form (atoms)
3D scanning
3D printing
3D design
Well …
it turns out that form controls function
Through the process of
Exaptation!
The “invention” of the microwave oven
From a radar system To the microwave industry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Goodbar
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4h1ESUz2H3E&feature=player_detailpage
Solar bottles
The very first synthetic drug was a dye used in the textile industry
The first antidepressant
If we open Life Magazine at page 20 …
Life Magazine, page 20
Life Magazine, page 21
Gould’s tyre to sandal principle
Lift Marseille
Form (bits)
Form (atoms)
3D scanning
3D printing
3D design
Production and design under (literally) the same roof (or garage)?
Users
Canalising attention toward integrated experience?
bits atoms
3D scanning
3D printing
DesignerProducer
User Bits Atoms
3D scanning
3D printing
Function
Traditional design
Exaptive design
Function
Traditional design
Exaptive design
Form (bits)
Form (atoms)
3D scanning
3D printing
3D design
Form (bits)
Form (atoms)
3D scanning
3D printing
3D design
Production
Adaptive design, production and exaptive design
Toward the experience economy?
• ...thank you for your attention…
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Courtesy: Giuseppe Carignani
The space of potential applications of product/service is not pre-statable
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