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8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever
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Tiffany GwatneyNursing
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1. (3) Genus, Class, Phylum2. (4) Shape3. (5) Cell Morphology4. (6)Gram Staining5. (7) Biochemical Characteristics6. (8)D isease7. (9) Symptoms8. (10)H istory
9. (11-16) Figures of RVF10. (17-18) Diagnostics11. (19) Treatment12. (20) Prevention13. (21) Conclusion14.
(22) References .
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Rift ValleyFever
Rift valley fever isan RNA virus in
the genusPhlebovirus
(familyBunyaviridae )
It is considered aviral zoonosis .
Rift Valley Fever virus
Virus classification
Group: Group V ((-)ssRNA)
Family: Bunyaviridae
Genus: Phlebovirus
Species: Rift Valley Fever virus
Genus, Class, Phylum
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Rift ValleyFever Virus
Rift Valley fevervirus has a
completedreplication cyclewithin 13 hours .
The figure on theright shows thereplication processof a RVFV cell
Cell Morphology
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Rift Valley
Fever VirusAt 15 hpostinfection,VERO E6 cellswereimmunolabeledwith an anti -NSsmonoclonalantibody (green ) and anti -RVFvirus polyclonalantiserum (red ).
Gram Staining
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Rift ValleyFever Virus
RVF is a viralzoonosis, affectingprimarily domesticlivestock, but canbe passed tohumans ) causingfever . It is spread
by the bite of infectedmosquitoes .
BiochemicalCharacteristics
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Rift ValleyFever Virus
RVF ischaracterized byhigh mortality ratesin young animals,and abortions inpregnantruminants .May also be
contracted byhumans who havehad contact withinfected animal
blood .
Disease
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ANIMALMainly in sheep, goats,and cattleFeverJaundiceLoss of appetiteWeaknessEncrustation aroundthe muzzle frombloody nasal dischargeHigh abortion ratesEnlarged liver
HU MANNo symptomsFeverLiver abnormalitiesHemorrhagic feverEncephalitisWeakness
Back painDizzinessExtreme weight lossUsually recover within2 days to 1 week
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History
Rift Valley Fever Virus is generally found in regions of eastern and southern Africa where sheep and cattle areraised . The most notable epizootic of RVF occurred inKenya in 1950 , resulting in the death of approximately100 ,000 sheep . In 1987 , there was a large outbreak inWest Africa linked to the construction of the Senegal RiverProject . The project caused flooding in the lower SenegalRiver, altering interactions between animals and humans,resulting in transmission of RVF to humans .
Rift Valley Fever Virus is generally found in regions of eastern and southern Africa where sheep and cattle areraised . The most notable epizootic of RVF occurred inKenya in 1950 , resulting in the death of approximately100 ,000 sheep . In 1987 , there was a large outbreak inWest Africa linked to the construction of the Senegal RiverProject . The project caused flooding in the lower SenegalRiver, altering interactions between animals and humans,resulting in transmission of RVF to humans .
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Rift ValleyFever Virus
A cow sufferingfrom RVF. Hehas theencrustationaround themuzzle from
bleeding fromthe nose .
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Rift ValleyFever Virus
Abortion of lamb fetuscaused by RVF .
Abortion rateof lambs with
RVF are closeto 100%.
Abortion cause by RVF
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Rift ValleyFever Virus
Nomadic Refugee Campat Garissa, 1997
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Mosquito egg s canlie d orm an t f or along pe riod of tim e. Once t hera in com es, t heegg s ha t ch , andt he cycle beg ins.
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Rift ValleyFever Virus Starving Cattle due to RVF
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Clinical signs vary with age, species and breed of theanimal .
May be recognized by the high mortality rates innewborn animals and abortions in adults .
In lambs, a bisphasic fever, anorexia, or death within 36 hours of contracting the disease .
Hemorrhagic diarrhea or abdominal pain
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Rift Valley Fever can be diagnosed by isolationof the virus from the blood of febrile animals .
The virus may also be recovered from thetissues of dead animals and aborted fetus s .
Viral antigens may be detected byimmunofluorescent staining of impressionsmears from the liver, spleen, or brain .
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Rift ValleyFever Virus
No treatmentother thansupportive careis available .
Rivavirin hasbeen shownpromising inanimal studies .
Treatment
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Rift ValleyFever Virus
Mosquito netsMosquito
repellants
Long shirts andtrousersLimited outdoor
activities
Vaccinate animalsBarriers when
handling animalblood .
Prevention
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Rift ValleyFever Virus
High mortalities inlambs, kids and calvesfollowing increase inmosquito populations
Disease is milder inadults than innewborns
Abortions in sheep,goats and cattle
Extensive necroticliver changes
Influenza symptomsin people workingwith sick animals orhandling infectedcarcasses
Suspect Rift ValleyFever IF:
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www.cfsph .iastate .edu/ IICABwww.cdc .gov/az .do
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