10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 1/22

Tiffany GwatneyNursing

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 2/22

1. (3) Genus, Class, Phylum2. (4) Shape3. (5) Cell Morphology4. (6)Gram Staining5. (7) Biochemical Characteristics6. (8)D isease7. (9) Symptoms8. (10)H istory

9. (11-16) Figures of RVF10. (17-18) Diagnostics11. (19) Treatment12. (20) Prevention13. (21) Conclusion14.

(22) References .

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 3/22

Rift ValleyFever

Rift valley fever isan RNA virus in

the genusPhlebovirus

(familyBunyaviridae )

It is considered aviral zoonosis .

Rift Valley Fever virus

Virus classification

Group: Group V ((-)ssRNA)

Family: Bunyaviridae

Genus: Phlebovirus

Species: Rift Valley Fever virus

Genus, Class, Phylum

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 4/22

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 5/22

Rift ValleyFever Virus

Rift Valley fevervirus has a

completedreplication cyclewithin 13 hours .

The figure on theright shows thereplication processof a RVFV cell

Cell Morphology

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 6/22

Rift Valley

Fever VirusAt 15 hpostinfection,VERO E6 cellswereimmunolabeledwith an anti -NSsmonoclonalantibody (green ) and anti -RVFvirus polyclonalantiserum (red ).

Gram Staining

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 7/22

Rift ValleyFever Virus

RVF is a viralzoonosis, affectingprimarily domesticlivestock, but canbe passed tohumans ) causingfever . It is spread

by the bite of infectedmosquitoes .

BiochemicalCharacteristics

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 8/22

Rift ValleyFever Virus

RVF ischaracterized byhigh mortality ratesin young animals,and abortions inpregnantruminants .May also be

contracted byhumans who havehad contact withinfected animal

blood .

Disease

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 9/22

ANIMALMainly in sheep, goats,and cattleFeverJaundiceLoss of appetiteWeaknessEncrustation aroundthe muzzle frombloody nasal dischargeHigh abortion ratesEnlarged liver

HU MANNo symptomsFeverLiver abnormalitiesHemorrhagic feverEncephalitisWeakness

Back painDizzinessExtreme weight lossUsually recover within2 days to 1 week

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 10/22

History

Rift Valley Fever Virus is generally found in regions of eastern and southern Africa where sheep and cattle areraised . The most notable epizootic of RVF occurred inKenya in 1950 , resulting in the death of approximately100 ,000 sheep . In 1987 , there was a large outbreak inWest Africa linked to the construction of the Senegal RiverProject . The project caused flooding in the lower SenegalRiver, altering interactions between animals and humans,resulting in transmission of RVF to humans .

Rift Valley Fever Virus is generally found in regions of eastern and southern Africa where sheep and cattle areraised . The most notable epizootic of RVF occurred inKenya in 1950 , resulting in the death of approximately100 ,000 sheep . In 1987 , there was a large outbreak inWest Africa linked to the construction of the Senegal RiverProject . The project caused flooding in the lower SenegalRiver, altering interactions between animals and humans,resulting in transmission of RVF to humans .

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 11/22

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 12/22

Rift ValleyFever Virus

A cow sufferingfrom RVF. Hehas theencrustationaround themuzzle from

bleeding fromthe nose .

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 13/22

Rift ValleyFever Virus

Abortion of lamb fetuscaused by RVF .

Abortion rateof lambs with

RVF are closeto 100%.

Abortion cause by RVF

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 14/22

Rift ValleyFever Virus

Nomadic Refugee Campat Garissa, 1997

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 15/22

Mosquito egg s canlie d orm an t f or along pe riod of tim e. Once t hera in com es, t heegg s ha t ch , andt he cycle beg ins.

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 16/22

Rift ValleyFever Virus Starving Cattle due to RVF

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 17/22

Clinical signs vary with age, species and breed of theanimal .

May be recognized by the high mortality rates innewborn animals and abortions in adults .

In lambs, a bisphasic fever, anorexia, or death within 36 hours of contracting the disease .

Hemorrhagic diarrhea or abdominal pain

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 18/22

Rift Valley Fever can be diagnosed by isolationof the virus from the blood of febrile animals .

The virus may also be recovered from thetissues of dead animals and aborted fetus s .

Viral antigens may be detected byimmunofluorescent staining of impressionsmears from the liver, spleen, or brain .

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 19/22

Rift ValleyFever Virus

No treatmentother thansupportive careis available .

Rivavirin hasbeen shownpromising inanimal studies .

Treatment

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 20/22

Rift ValleyFever Virus

Mosquito netsMosquito

repellants

Long shirts andtrousersLimited outdoor

activities

Vaccinate animalsBarriers when

handling animalblood .

Prevention

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 21/22

Rift ValleyFever Virus

High mortalities inlambs, kids and calvesfollowing increase inmosquito populations

Disease is milder inadults than innewborns

Abortions in sheep,goats and cattle

Extensive necroticliver changes

Influenza symptomsin people workingwith sick animals orhandling infectedcarcasses

Suspect Rift ValleyFever IF:

8/6/2019 10_Gwatney Rift Valley Fever

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10gwatney-rift-valley-fever 22/22

www.cfsph .iastate .edu/ IICABwww.cdc .gov/az .do

http://www .gsbs .utmb .edu/microbookhttp://www .voiceinthedesert .orghttp://images .google .comhttp://who .int/inf -fs/en/fact2 07. htmlhttp://www .spc .int/rahs/http://www .oie .int/eng/normes/mmanual/A_00031. htm