10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano Applied Cryodetectors Research Training Network funded by the European Commission's 5th Framework programme Improving.
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10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
Applied Cryodetectors
Research Training Network funded by the European Commission's 5th Framework programme
Improving Human Potential
Carlo Pelliciari
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico G.S. Vaiana, Palermo, Italy
What I am going to show
• A brief C.V.
• Present position
• The XACT facility
• Fixed exit X-ray monochromator system
• RTN project: Microcalorimeter array development for
X-ray astronomy
• Conclusions
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
Something about me
• 1996: Graduate on Physics @ University of Ferrara (Italy): “Fixed-exit monochromator for hard X-ray beams (8-130 keV) for astrophysics instrumentation tests”;
• 1997: 9 months fellowship @ DSRI (Denmark) : characterization of X-ray single-layer and multilayer mirrors;
• 1998 - 2001: Research Contracts @ University of Ferrara (Italy), Physics department: X ray optics development, realization of a X ray monochromator system, upgrading of the X-ray facility, JEM-X detector calibration (INTEGRAL project);
• 2002 - 2003: European fellowship (1y) + RTN Contract (1y) @ CEA/SAp(France): development and characterization of micro-calorimeter for X-ray astronomy.
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
Present positionResearch Contract @ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico G.S.Vaiana, Palermo, Italy
Development of a Monochromator System
for the X-ray Astronomy Calibration and Testing (XACT) Facility
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
XACT Facility
The X ray source is a multi-anode system able to mounting up to 6 anodes and 4 filters.Flux = 105 ph/s/cm2 @ 16 meters.
Energy range: 0.1 - 20 keV: Cu(0.93; 8.04), Fe(6.4), Cr(5.41), Ti(4.51), Al(1.49), C (0.28) …
20 25 25 30 30 35 40 50 55 63 100X ray source Test chamber
100 100 100 100 100 200
20
100 200 200 200 20050100
18 m
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
clean room (1000 class)
X ray source
test chamber (Ø=1 m)
Vacuum tube (10-6 mbar)
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
XACT: the cryostat
Bmax = 2.3 T
1. Pumping on air (1 night)2. Pumping on LHe and LN2 (2 hours)3. Isothermal Magnetization (2 hours)4. Adiabatic Demagnetization (30 min)
Tmeas ~ 45 mK
Tpred = 43 mK30
40
50
60
DATA
What I am doingMonochromator system for
XACT facility
•The system will provide a monochromatic beam in the full energy range: 0.1 - 20 keV;
•Energy resolution: E / E = 10% ;
•Fixed position of the monochromatic beam at all energies;
•It is based on double Bragg diffraction;
•Beam section: 60 x 60 cm2 @ 20 meters;
•We plane to mount the system soon and to run the first tests in January 2005.
Some results
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
Applied Cryodetectors
Network contract (HPRN-CT-2002-00322)Research Training Network
5th Framework programme: Improving Human Potential
Microcalorimeter array development for
X-ray astronomy
CEA / DSM-DAPNIA / SAp(Commisariat à l’Energie Atomique / Direction des Science de la
Matière- Dep. Astrophysique,Particule, Nucléaire et Instrumentation Associée / Service d’Astrophysique)
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
CEA/SAp-calorimeter array development
for X-ray astronomyPhilosophy: realisation of a -calorimeter from the modification of existing bolometer arrays for IR instruments.
Advantages: tested standard collective silicon technologies.
The sensor will be adapted increasing the implanted dose (Phosphorus, 40% Boron compensation) from 1-10 G @ 300 mK° to 1-10 M @ 50-100 mK°.
Absorber candidate: Tantalum.
Indium bump hybridization process allows a self alignment between the absorbers and the sensors.
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
Oxide simox
Removed CdTe substrate
High Z
sensor plate
Etching of SOI dioxide back and front side
Removed Silicon substrate
High Z superconductor
glue
calorimeter 2D arrayResistive Mesa Si thermometerSilicon Micro-etching technology
6- Al Deposit and Etchingon the thermo contacts.
Scheme of the MESA process on a double SOI substrate
1-ThermometerImplantation
2-Diffusion of the thermometer implantation
3-Contact Implantationand Diffusion
4-Etching of theThermometer
5-Etching of the first SOIdioxide
Microcalorimeter structure
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
CEA/DTA/LETIGrenoble, France.Microcalorimeter
CEA/DSM/DAPNIA/Edelweiss groupSaclay, France. Dilution Cryostat Setup
Synergy
CEA/DSM/DAPNIA/SAp, Saclay, France.
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
25 m thick Ta foil glued on sensor plate
Wafer
Matrix
Acquisition data setup
•TRMC2: Temperature Regulator and Measurement Controller 2.• PC1: TRMC2 interface. PC1-PC2 link is established only during test campaign.•PC2: acquisition data; it has read/write permission on PC1
Internet link
10 Dec 2004,Mid-term Review in Milano
Relay board high insulation
Measurements
01
02 0504
01
0504
02
•15 sensor / 4 matrix of the same wafer.•3.75 1018 atoms/cm3 P implantation, B 40%
compensation.•Gap betweens curves circular implantation•“04” Curve fitting (Efros and Shklovskii):R = R0e(T0/T); R0 = 6 k, T0 = 40 K, = 0.48
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
thermistorHeatingresistor
Feedback resistor
Conclusions10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
The mobility of the researchers can give the opportunity to establish fruitful international contacts and collaborations. Some examples in my experience:
Symbol X: CEA/SAp, Saclay, Paris (H.E. detector) – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milano, Italy (X ray optics);
Bolometers: CEA/SAp, Saclay, Paris (micro calorimeter technology) – INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico G.S. Vaiana, Palermo, Italy (absorber tests and modeling);
Fixed Exit Beam Monochromator: CEA/SAp, Saclay, Paris (experience in monochromator elements) - INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico G.S. Vaiana, Palermo, Italy (Monochromator design and construction);
Article
•Development of a microcalorimeter array for wide energy band X-ray astronomy Pelliciari, C. / Agnese, P. / Navick, X.F. / Pigot, C. / Sauvageot, J.L., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Mar 2004
• Microcalorimeter array development for X-ray astronomy Pigot, C. / Agnese, P. / Navick, X.F. / Pelliciari, C. / Sauvageot, J.L., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, May 2003
Monochromator elementsEnergy range: from 10 up to 20 keV few fluorescence lines continuum
Energy range: from 0.1 up to 10 keV fluorescence lines;
We investigated several materials as candidate for monochromators with different geometry (flat, concave and convex with different curvature radius). Monochromator/energy (keV)
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 20.0
Graphite mosaic 0.4°
Graphite mosaic 3.5°
Silicon, Germaniummosaic 120”
TlAP (organic)
Multilayers (Mo/Si, W/Si)
Gratings
?10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
Simulation results = standard deviation of mosaic distribution;• = 2.355 ;• B = Bragg angle;• r concave/convex = curvature radius 1st and 2nd crystal;• xl z dim: z crystal dimension (mm);• xls prj: crystal dimension projection (seen from source) • div (rad): angular spread
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
Beam features: Graphite
10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano
monochromator
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