10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano Applied Cryodetectors Research Training Network funded by the European Commission's 5th Framework programme Improving.

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

Applied Cryodetectors

Research Training Network funded by the European Commission's 5th Framework programme

Improving Human Potential

Carlo Pelliciari

INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico G.S. Vaiana, Palermo, Italy

What I am going to show

• A brief C.V.

• Present position

• The XACT facility

• Fixed exit X-ray monochromator system

• RTN project: Microcalorimeter array development for

X-ray astronomy

• Conclusions

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

Something about me

• 1996: Graduate on Physics @ University of Ferrara (Italy): “Fixed-exit monochromator for hard X-ray beams (8-130 keV) for astrophysics instrumentation tests”;

• 1997: 9 months fellowship @ DSRI (Denmark) : characterization of X-ray single-layer and multilayer mirrors;

• 1998 - 2001: Research Contracts @ University of Ferrara (Italy), Physics department: X ray optics development, realization of a X ray monochromator system, upgrading of the X-ray facility, JEM-X detector calibration (INTEGRAL project);

• 2002 - 2003: European fellowship (1y) + RTN Contract (1y) @ CEA/SAp(France): development and characterization of micro-calorimeter for X-ray astronomy.

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

Present positionResearch Contract @ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico G.S.Vaiana, Palermo, Italy

Development of a Monochromator System

for the X-ray Astronomy Calibration and Testing (XACT) Facility

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

XACT Facility

The X ray source is a multi-anode system able to mounting up to 6 anodes and 4 filters.Flux = 105 ph/s/cm2 @ 16 meters.

Energy range: 0.1 - 20 keV: Cu(0.93; 8.04), Fe(6.4), Cr(5.41), Ti(4.51), Al(1.49), C (0.28) …

20 25 25 30 30 35 40 50 55 63 100X ray source Test chamber

100 100 100 100 100 200

20

100 200 200 200 20050100

18 m

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

clean room (1000 class)

X ray source

test chamber (Ø=1 m)

Vacuum tube (10-6 mbar)

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

XACT: the cryostat

Bmax = 2.3 T

1. Pumping on air (1 night)2. Pumping on LHe and LN2 (2 hours)3. Isothermal Magnetization (2 hours)4. Adiabatic Demagnetization (30 min)

Tmeas ~ 45 mK

Tpred = 43 mK30

40

50

60

DATA

What I am doingMonochromator system for

XACT facility

•The system will provide a monochromatic beam in the full energy range: 0.1 - 20 keV;

•Energy resolution: E / E = 10% ;

•Fixed position of the monochromatic beam at all energies;

•It is based on double Bragg diffraction;

•Beam section: 60 x 60 cm2 @ 20 meters;

•We plane to mount the system soon and to run the first tests in January 2005.

Some results

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

Applied Cryodetectors

Network contract (HPRN-CT-2002-00322)Research Training Network

5th Framework programme: Improving Human Potential

Microcalorimeter array development for

X-ray astronomy

CEA / DSM-DAPNIA / SAp(Commisariat à l’Energie Atomique / Direction des Science de la

Matière- Dep. Astrophysique,Particule, Nucléaire et Instrumentation Associée / Service d’Astrophysique)

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

CEA/SAp-calorimeter array development

for X-ray astronomyPhilosophy: realisation of a -calorimeter from the modification of existing bolometer arrays for IR instruments.

Advantages: tested standard collective silicon technologies.

The sensor will be adapted increasing the implanted dose (Phosphorus, 40% Boron compensation) from 1-10 G @ 300 mK° to 1-10 M @ 50-100 mK°.

Absorber candidate: Tantalum.

Indium bump hybridization process allows a self alignment between the absorbers and the sensors.

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

Oxide simox

Removed CdTe substrate

High Z

sensor plate

Etching of SOI dioxide back and front side

Removed Silicon substrate

High Z superconductor

glue

calorimeter 2D arrayResistive Mesa Si thermometerSilicon Micro-etching technology

6- Al Deposit and Etchingon the thermo contacts.

Scheme of the MESA process on a double SOI substrate

1-ThermometerImplantation

2-Diffusion of the thermometer implantation

3-Contact Implantationand Diffusion

4-Etching of theThermometer

5-Etching of the first SOIdioxide

Microcalorimeter structure

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

CEA/DTA/LETIGrenoble, France.Microcalorimeter

CEA/DSM/DAPNIA/Edelweiss groupSaclay, France. Dilution Cryostat Setup

Synergy

CEA/DSM/DAPNIA/SAp, Saclay, France.

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

25 m thick Ta foil glued on sensor plate

Wafer

Matrix

Acquisition data setup

•TRMC2: Temperature Regulator and Measurement Controller 2.• PC1: TRMC2 interface. PC1-PC2 link is established only during test campaign.•PC2: acquisition data; it has read/write permission on PC1

Internet link

10 Dec 2004,Mid-term Review in Milano

Relay board high insulation

Measurements

01

02 0504

01

0504

02

•15 sensor / 4 matrix of the same wafer.•3.75 1018 atoms/cm3 P implantation, B 40%

compensation.•Gap betweens curves circular implantation•“04” Curve fitting (Efros and Shklovskii):R = R0e(T0/T); R0 = 6 k, T0 = 40 K, = 0.48

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

thermistorHeatingresistor

Feedback resistor

Conclusions10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

The mobility of the researchers can give the opportunity to establish fruitful international contacts and collaborations. Some examples in my experience:

Symbol X: CEA/SAp, Saclay, Paris (H.E. detector) – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milano, Italy (X ray optics);

Bolometers: CEA/SAp, Saclay, Paris (micro calorimeter technology) – INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico G.S. Vaiana, Palermo, Italy (absorber tests and modeling);

Fixed Exit Beam Monochromator: CEA/SAp, Saclay, Paris (experience in monochromator elements) - INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico G.S. Vaiana, Palermo, Italy (Monochromator design and construction);

Article

•Development of a microcalorimeter array for wide energy band X-ray astronomy Pelliciari, C. / Agnese, P. / Navick, X.F. / Pigot, C. / Sauvageot, J.L., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Mar 2004

• Microcalorimeter array development for X-ray astronomy Pigot, C. / Agnese, P. / Navick, X.F. / Pelliciari, C. / Sauvageot, J.L., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, May 2003

Monochromator elementsEnergy range: from 10 up to 20 keV few fluorescence lines continuum

Energy range: from 0.1 up to 10 keV fluorescence lines;

We investigated several materials as candidate for monochromators with different geometry (flat, concave and convex with different curvature radius). Monochromator/energy (keV)

0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 20.0

Graphite mosaic 0.4°

Graphite mosaic 3.5°

Silicon, Germaniummosaic 120”

TlAP (organic)

Multilayers (Mo/Si, W/Si)

Gratings

?10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

Simulation results = standard deviation of mosaic distribution;• = 2.355 ;• B = Bragg angle;• r concave/convex = curvature radius 1st and 2nd crystal;• xl z dim: z crystal dimension (mm);• xls prj: crystal dimension projection (seen from source) • div (rad): angular spread

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

Beam features: Graphite

10 Dec 2004, Mid-term Review in Milano

monochromator