1 Kobe Univ., 2 JAMSTEC, 3 Flinders Univ.,
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Imaging mantle structure of the central Mariana subduction-arc-back arc
system using marine magnetotelluricsN. Seama 1, 2, A. White 3, A. D. Chave 4, K. Baba 5, T. Goto 2, T. Matsuno 1, R. L. Evans 4, G. Boren 3, A. Yoneda 5, H. Iwamoto 1, R. Tsujino 1, Y. Baba 5,
H. Utada 5, G. Heinson 6, and K. Suyehiro 2 1 Kobe Univ., 2 JAMSTEC, 3 Flinders Univ.,
4 WHOI, 5 ERI, Univ. of Tokyo, 6 Univ. of Adelaide
Contents:* Observation & Data analysis* 2-D resistivity models & their interpretations
Observation Line
●: New data from KR05-17 deployment and KR06-12 recovery cruises (Kairei, JAMSTEC)
●: Previous study (Filloux, 1983; Goto et al., 2003; Baba et al., 2005; Seama et al., 2007)
Pacific Plate
TrenchFore Arc
Back Arc Spreading Axis
Remnant Arc Volcanic Arc
Observation sites near spreading axis12 sites in 55km -line (1-6km sites spacing)
spreading axis
Australian OBEM
Australian OBM
(Type 1)
Australian OBM (Type 2)
US OBEM
US OBE
ERI-OBEM (Type 2)
IFREE/JAMSTEC-OBEM
ERI-OBEM (Type 1)
Kobe OBEM
Data Analysis
1) Clean up the raw time series data (9 months)
2) Estimate the magnetotelluric impedance tensor responses (MT responses) from the time series data# BIRRP(Chave and Thomson, 2003, 2004)
3) Correct the MT responses for the effect of 3-D seafloor bathymetry# Nolasco et al. (1998), Matsuno et al., (2007)# FS3D (Baba and Seama, 2002)
4) Estimate 2-D resistivity (or conductivity) structure models to fit the corrected MT responses
Inversion methods for estimating 2-D resistivity models
1) Data Space Occam inversion (Siripunvaraporn and Egbert, 2000)
We modified this algorithm for the MT responses at ocean bottom.
2) Anisotropic inversion (Baba et al., 2006)
These inversion algorithms find optimally smooth sets of resistivity models that fit the corrected MT responses to a desired level of misfit.
X
YSites used for 2-D inversions
●: New data (26 sites)●: Previous study (8 sites)
2-D Resistivity Modelwith Hypocenters (Shiobara, personal comm.)
2-D Resistivity Model
Slab lithosphereImposedResistivity: 3000Ohm-mThickness:60kmbased on the results from EPR (Baba et al., 2006)
Fitting the corrected MT responsesData (dots) Model (red lines)
RMS misfit (tm app): 1.94RMS misfit (all): 1.77
2-D Resistivity Model
Resistivity Model
Forward Modeling Test (1)
Low resistivity beneath the fore-arc
Resistivity value of the low resistivity region beneath the fore-arc
20 Ohm-m
Resistivity value: 20 Ohm-m
5 4 3 2 1
Extent of the low resistivity region beneath the fore-arc
Low resistivity can be due to:1) high water contents2) existence of melt3) high temperature4) low resistivity rock
Forward Modeling Test (2)
Low resistivity beneath the volcanicarc
Resistivity value of the low resistivity region beneath the volcanic arc
20 Ohm-m
Low resistivity region beneath the volcanic arc
Low resistivity can be due to:1) high water contents2) existence of melt3) high temperature4) low resistivity rock
?
Conder , personal comm.
Takahashi et al., 2007
Forward Modeling Test (3)
Connection between the slab and the volcanicarc
Resistivity value of the region connected between the slab and the volcanic arc
Not enough resolution?
Resistivity Model
Anisotropic models beneath the back-arc basin
xx
yy
zz
z
yx
Conder , personal comm.
Standard Olivine 2 (SO2 model; Constable et al., 1992)
Dry Olivine
Characteristic features of the low resistivity region beneath the spreading axis xx
yy
zz
# Anisotropic featureExistence of melt
z
yx
Characteristic features of the low resistivity region beneath the spreading axis xx
yy
zz
spreading axis
# Asymmetric features
??
??
??
+ Location+ Shape
Existence of melt
z
yx
Asymmetric features of the low resistivity region beneath the spreading axis
spreading axis
yy
Conder et al., 2002 (Lau back-arc spreading)
MBA: Kitada et al., 2006
xx
yy
zz100km
Dry Dry
Wet Anisotropic
Wet Anisotropic
Anisotropic layered resistivity structure beneath the back-arc basin
z
yx
xx
yy
zz
60km
100km
Baba et al., 2006
Mariana vs EPR
Dry Dry
Wet Anisotropic
Wet Anisotropic
Resistivity profile with depth
Black: IsotropicBlue: Parallel to
spreading directionGreen: vertical directionRed: Perpendicular to
spreading direction
PT=1300C3000H/106Si=0.02wt%
Modified from Seama et al., 2007
Melt beginning depth
Grey: Olivine with different water contents
Summary (our results are initial, but probably show the first order of the nature)
# Existence of the low resistivity region beneath the fore-arc (probably due to water from the slab)
# Existence of the low resistivity region beneath the volcanic arc (probably due to low resistivity of the volcanic arc crust and of the upper most mantle)
# Existence of the asymmetric low resistivity region beneath the back-arc spreading axis (probably due to melt affected by the dynamics)
# Existence of the anisotropic layered resistivity structure beneath the back-arc basin (probably due to differences in water contents affected by the dynamics)
Forward Modeling Test (4)
Low resistivity beneath the back-arc spreading axis
Resistivity value of the low resistivity region beneath the spreading axis
10-30 Ohm-m
Isotropic models using different inversion algorithms
Data Space Occam inversion (Siripunvaraporn and Egbert, 2000)
Anisotropic inversion (Baba et al., 2006)
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