1 Key Figures 2007 on Science Technology and Innovation From the pre-publication of DG RTD Key Figures 2007 Andrea Tilche Ad Hoc Group on Innovation in.
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1
Key Figures 2007 on Science Technology and Innovation
From the pre-publication of DG RTD Key Figures 2007
Andrea Tilche
Ad Hoc Group on Innovation in the European Chemicals Industry
2
Why does R&D matter?
• 3% Action Plan (2003);
• Each Member State has set its own target for increased R&D intensity;
• Green Paper on ERA (2007);
3
Key Figures 2007
• Presents data up to 2005, thus predating the recently renewed commitments made by Member States to increase their R&D intensity
• Shows that recent policy initiatives and commitments are more than ever valid, and should be reflected by intensification of pace of reforms
4
The landscape is
changing
5 EU-27 (1) US JP CN KR Others
12.7
25.029.1
3.6
3.5
34.4
38.4
2.9
11.4
15.9
10.1
13.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
%
1993 2005
World shares of expenditure on R&D
6
Exports of High - tech products
EU-27 (1)
JP
CN
US
KR
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
%
7
China leads computing exports
EU-27 (1)
JP
CN
US
KR
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
%
8
EU R&D-intensity remains at structural lower level
9
Stagnating R&D intensity in the EU
JP
KR
US
EU-27EU-25
CN
RU
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
R&
D in
ten
sity
(G
ER
D a
s %
of
GD
P)
10
Although some MS recorded impressive progress
EU-25EU-27
CZ
DKDE
AT
FI
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
%
Progress not monopoly of ‘catching-up’ countries (e.g.CZ)
Also high R&D intensive countries were able to further increase their high R&D intensity
11
R&D intensity: 4 groups of countries
R&D intensity
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Italy
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
UK
EU-27
SI
SK
EU-27
CZ
NL
DK
UK
EL
MT
FI
ES AT
RO IT
DE
LV
PL
IE
LU
PT
BG
FR
HU
EE
CY
LT
SEBE
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0
R&D intensity in 2005
Gro
wth
of
R&
D i
nte
ns
ity
, 2
00
0-2
00
5
Falling behind Losing momentum
Pulling aheadCatching up
12
Distance-to-target for each individual Member State
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0
EU-27 (1)
Romania
Cyprus
Slovakia
Poland
Latvia
Malta
Greece
Lithuania
Portugal
Hungary
Estonia
Italy
Spain
Slovenia
Ireland
Czech Republic
Luxembourg
UK
Netherlands
Belgium
France
Austria
Denmark
Germany
Finland
Sweden
Situation in 2005 Target 2010
13
The gap is mainly in the private sector
14
Is low R&D-intensity a result of lack of
dynamism of EU’s industrial structure ?
15
• 85% gap is due to low business investment
• structural differences between EU-US – medium-tech industries dominate in the EU
16
Sectoral composition of R&D in EU and US (2005)
17
BERD(Business enterprise expenditure on R&D)
and Value Added
18
BERD as % of Value Added
19
BERD of SMEs
However, R&D intensity is 0.34% in the EU and 0.68% (the double) in the US
20
Share of World top 1000 Companies (in terms of market
capitalisation) created since 1980
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
EU US
Substantial differences in growth path of high-tech SME’s …
70% of these US large Cies created after 1980 are active in ICT sectors
21
Public and private R&D are fully
complementary
22
Countries with high involvement of private sector in funding of R&D have also the highest levels of government-funded R&D
DK
UK
FISE
BG
FR
AT
SIPL
EU-27
CZ
BE
LT
EL
MT
HU
ES
LU
PT
IT
CY
EE
NL
SK
DE
IE
LV
RO
IS
IL
NO
TR
CH
HR
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5
GERD financed by business sector (as % of GDP)
GE
RD
fin
an
ce
d b
y g
ov
ern
me
nt
(as
% o
f G
DP
)
23
Research Excellence: EU remains second behind the US, but
scores relatively well in traditional disciplines
24
Research excellence: the EU is world’s first producer of scientific knowledge
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,8
2,0
1,7
3,6
2,8
4,4
3,8
9,4
33,6
39,3
1,2
1,6
1,7
1,8
2,4
2,7
2,8
2,9
4,5
6,4
8,7
32,8
38,1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Israel
Taiwan
Brazil
Sw itzerland
India
Republic of Korea
Russia
Australia
Canada
China (2)
Japan
US
EU-25
2000 2004
25
Citation index
26
However, …
Other parts of the world are getting to be more specialised in chemistry
27
US universities top the rankings of world’s largest universities
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
US EU-27 Others
%Top 100 world’s largest universities, ranked according to citation impact scores of scientific output
Only 12 EU-27 universities in top-100; against 78 US universities
28
Knowledge flows from Science to
Technology weaker in the EU
29
Technological innovations rely more on US science than on EU science
29,8
22,3
53,4
64,2
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
EPO patents USPTO patents
%
EU-25EU-25 US US
This graph:
Share of EU and US scientific publications cited in biotech patents
Data in other technological fields show similar patterns
30
From Science to high-tech, high-growth
industries: the case of nanotechnology
31
Public funding of nanotech R&D similar or higher than competitors
Figure I.6.1 Public and private funding of nanotechnology R&D, 2006
665
1275
1490500
975 1091
1150 1931
1704
631
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
EU US Japan Others
US
$ (m
illio
ns)
EC / US federal Government Private
32
Nanotech companies are bigger in the US
Average size of Nanotech companies in leading countries (turnover in US$ million)
33
Key Figures 2007 on Science Technology and Innovation
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