Transcript
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Chapter 2
APPENDIX D
Memory Tables
Table 2-2 Key EIGRP Verification Commands
Command Key Information
show ip eigrp interfaces
show ip protocols
show ip eigrp neighbors
show ip eigrp topology
show ip route
Table 2-3 EIGRP Feature Summary
Feature Description
Transport
Metric
Hello interval
Hold timer
Update destination address
Full or partial updates
Authentication
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Appendix D: Memory Tables 3
Table 2-4 Neighbor Requirements for EIGRP and OSPF
Requirement EIGRP OSPF
The routers must be able to send/receive IP packets to one another. Yes Yes
Interfaces primary IP addresses must be in same subnet. Yes Yes
Must not be passive on the connected interface.
Must use the same ASN (EIGRP) or process-ID (OSPF) on the router config-uration command.
Hello interval/timer, plus either the Hold (EIGRP) or Dead (OSPF) timer,must match.
Must pass neighbor authentication (if configured).
Must be in same area. N/A Yes
IP MTU must match. No Yes
K-values (used in metric calculation) must match.
Router IDs must be unique.
VLSM/classless
Route Tags
Next-hop field
Manual route summarization
Automatic Summarization
Multiprotocol
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Table 3-3 Parameters on the eigrp stub Command
Option This router is allowed to...
Connected
Summary
Static
Redistributed
Receive-only
Chapter 3
Table 4-3 LE and GE Parameters on IP Prefix Lis, and the Implied Range of PrefixLengths
Prefix List Parameter Range of Prefix Length
Neither
Both ge and le
Only le
Only ge
Chapter 4
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Appendix D: Memory Tables 5
Table 5-2 Commonly Used OSPF Terms
Term Definition
Link state database
Shortest Path First (SPF)
Link State Update (LSU)
Link State Advertisement (LSA)
Area
Area Border Router (ABR)
Backbone router
Internal routers
Designated Router (DR)
Backup Designated Router (BDR)
Table 5-3 Most Commonly Used OSPF show Commands
Command Key Information
show ip ospf interface brief
show ip protocols
show ip ospf neighbors
show ip ospf database
show ip route
Chapter 5
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Table 5-4 OSPF Feature Summary
Feature Description
Transport
Metric
Hello interval
Dead interval
Update destination address
Full or partial updates
Authentication
VLSM/classless
Route Tags
Next-hop field
Manual route summarization
Table 5-5 Neighbor Requirements for EIGRP and OSPF
Requirement OSPF EIGRP
Interfaces primary IP addresses must be in same subnet.
Must not be passive on the connected interface.
Must be in same area.
Hello interval/timer plus either the Hold (EIGRP) or Dead (OSPF) timer mustmatch.
Router IDs must be unique.
IP MTU must match.
Must pass neighbor authentication (if configured).
K-values (used in metric calculation) must match.
Must use the same ASN (EIGRP) or process-ID (OSPF) on the router config-uration command.
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Appendix D: Memory Tables 7
Table 5-8 OSPF Network Types
Interface TypeUsesDR/BDR?
DefaultHelloInterval
DynamicDiscovery ofNeighbors?
More Than TwoRouters Allowed in theSubnet?
Broadcast
Point-to-point1
Loopback
Nonbroadcast2
(NBMA)Yes 30 No Yes
Point-to-multi-point
No 30 Yes Yes
Point-to-multi-point nonbroad-cast
No 30 No Yes
1Default on Frame Relay point-to-point subinterfaces.2Default on Frame Relay physical and multipoint subinterfaces.
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Chapter 6
Table 6-2 OSPF LSA Types
LSAType
CommonName
Description
1
2
3
4 ASBR Sum-mary
Like a type 3 LSA, except it advertises a host route used to reachan ASBR.
5 AS External Created by ASBRs for external routes injected into OSPF.
6 GroupMembership
Defined for MOSPF; not supported by Cisco IOS.
7 NSSAExternal
Created by ASBRs inside an NSSA area, instead of a type 5 LSA.
8 ExternalAttributes
Not implemented in Cisco routers.
911 Opaque Used as generic LSAs to allow for easy future extension of OSPF;for example, type 10 has been adapted for MPLS traffic engineer-ing.
Table 6-3 Facts about LSA Types 1, 2, and 3
LSA Type(Number)
LSA Type(Name)
This TypeRepresents
Display Using show ip ospf databasekeyword...
LSID IsEqual To
CreatedBy
1
2
3
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Appendix D: Memory Tables 9
Table 7-3 Stub Area Configuration Options
Action Configuration Steps
Stubby
Totally stubby
Set the metric of the default route
Table 7-4 OSPF Stubby Area Types
AreaType
ABRs flood Type 5External LSAs into thearea?
ABRs flood Type 3Summary LSAs intothe area?
Allows redistribution ofexternal LSAs into thestubby area?
Stub
Totallystubby
NSSA
TotallyNSSA
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Table 8-2 Configuring OSPF Authentication on Virtual Links
Type (Name) Type (Number) Command Syntax for Virtual Links
none
clear text
MD5
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Table 8-3 OSPF Network Types
Interface TypeUsesDR/BDR?
Dynamic Discoveryof Neighbors?
Default HelloInterval
CiscoProprietary?
broadcast Yes
nonbroadcast No
point-to-
multipoint
Yes
point-to-
multipoint
nonbroadcast
No
Chapter 9
Table 9-3 Methods of Setting EIGRP Metrics When Redistributing into EIGRP
Function Command
Setting the default for all redistribute commands
Setting the component metrics applied to all routes redistributed by a singleredistribute command
Setting different component metrics to different routes from a single routesource
Table 9-5 Summary of Metric Values When Redistributing into OSPF
Function Command or MetricValues
Default if no metric configuration exists
Setting the default for all redistribute commands
Setting the metric for one route source
Setting different metrics for routes learned from a singlesource
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Appendix D: Memory Tables 11
Table 10-6 Default Administrative Distances
Route Type Administrative Distance
Connected
Static
EIGRP summary route
eBGP
EIGRP (internal)
IGRP
OSPF
IS-IS
RIP
On-Demand Routing(ODR)
EIGRP (external)
iBGP
Unreachable
Chapter 10
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Table 12-2 Private IP Address Reference
Number of Classful Networks Range of Classful Networks Prefix for Entire Range
(1) Class A:
(16) Class B:
(256) Class C:
Table 12-5 16-Bit ASN Assignment Categories from IANA
Value or Range Purpose
0
1 through 64,495
64,496 through 65,511
64,512 through 65,534
65,535
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Table 13-2 BGP Neighbor States
State TypicalReasons
Idle
Connect
Active
Opensent
Openconfirm
Established
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Appendix D: Memory Tables 13
Table 13-3 BGP Message Types
Message Purpose Similarity with EIGRP
Open
Keepalive
Update
Notification
Table 13-4 Verification Commands for eBGP-Learned Routes
Verification Step Command
List possible default routes.
List possible routes, per prefix.
List routes learned from one neighbor,before any inbound filtering is applied.
List routes learned from a specific neighborthat passed any inbound filters.
Lists routes advertised to a neighbor afterapplying outbound filtering.
List the number of prefixes learned perneighbor.
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Table 14-3 BGP clear Command Options
Command Hard orSoft
One or AllNeighbors
Direction (in orout)
clear ip bgp *
clear ip bgp neighbor-id
clear ip bgp neighbor-id out
clear ip bgp neighbor-id soft
out
clear ip bgp neighbor-id in
clear ip bgp neighbor-id soft in
clear ip bgp * soft
clear ip bgp neighbor-id soft
Chapter 14
Table 15-2 BGP Path Attributes That Affect the BGP Best Path Algorithm
PA Description Enterprise Route Direction (Typical)
NEXT_HOP
Weight1
Local Preference (LOCAL_PREF)
AS_PATH (length)
ORIGIN
Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
1Weight is not a BGP PA; it is a Cisco-proprietary feature that acts somewhat like a PA.
Chapter 15
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Appendix D: Memory Tables 15
Table 15-3 BGP Decision Process Plus Mnemonic: N WLLA OMNI
Step Mnemonic letter Short Phrase Which Is Better?
0 N
1 W
2 L
3 L
4 A
5 O
6 M
7 N
8 I
Table 15-4 Key Features of Administrative Weight
Feature Description
Is it a PA?
Purpose
Scope
Range 0 through 65,535 (216 1)
Which is best?
Default
Defining a new default Not supported
Configuration
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Table 15-5 Key Features of Local_Pref
Feature Description
PA?
Purpose
Scope
Range 0 through 4,294,967,295 (232 1)
Which is best?
Default
Changing the default
Using the bgp default local-preference BGP sub-command
Configuration
Table 15-6 Default Administrative Distances
Route Type Administrative Distance
Connected
Static
EIGRP summary route
eBGP
EIGRP (internal)
IGRP
OSPF
IS-IS
RIP
On-Demand Routing (ODR)
EIGRP (external)
iBGP
Unreachable
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Appendix D: Memory Tables 17
Table 15-7 Key Features of MED
Feature Description
Is it a PA?
Purpose
Scope
Range 0 through 4,294,967,295 (232 1).
Which is best?
Default
Configuration
Chapter 16
Table 16-4 Example IPv6 Prefixes and Their Meanings1
Term Assignment Example from Chapter 16
Registry prefix
ISP prefix
Site prefix or global routing prefix
Subnet prefix
Although an RIR can assign a prefix to an ISP, an RIR may also assign a prefix to other Internet
registries, which might subdivide and assign additional prefixes, until eventually an ISP and
then their customers are assigned some unique prefix.
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Table 16-5 Summary of IPv6 Address Assignment for Global Unicast Addresses
Method Dynamicor Static
Prefix andlength learnedfrom...
Hostlearnedfrom...
Default routerlearned from...
DNSaddresseslearned from...
Stateful
DHCP
Stateless
autoconfig
static con-
figuration
Static con-
fig with
EUI-64
Table 16-6 Details of the RS/RA Process
Message RS RA
Multicast destination
Meaning of Multicast address
Table 16-7 Comparing Stateless and Stateful DHCPv6 Services
Feature StatefulDHCP
StatelessDHCP
Remembers IPv6 address (state information) of clients thatmake requests
Assigns IPv6 address to client
Supplies useful information, such as DNS server IP addresses
Most useful in conjunction with stateless autoconfiguration
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Appendix D: Memory Tables 19
Table 16-9 Common Link-Local Multicast Addresses
Type ofAddress
Purpose Prefix Easily Seen HexPrefix(es)
Global unicast
Unicast packets sent through the publicInternet
Unique local
Unicast packets inside one organization
Link local Packets sent in the local subnet
Site local Deprecated; originally meant to be usedlike private IPv4 addresses
FECO::/10 FEC, FED, FEE,FEF
Unspecified An address used when a host has no us-able IPv6 address
Loopback Used for software testing, like IPv4s127.0.0.1
IPv6 RFCs define the FE80::/10 prefix, which technically means that the first three hex digits could
be FE8, FE9, FEA, or FEB. However, bit positions 11-64 of link local addresses should be 0, so in
practice, link local addresses should always begin with FE80.
Table 16-10 Common Multicast Addresses
Purpose IPv6Address
IPv4Equivalent
All IPv6 nodes on the link
All IPv6 routers on the link
OSPF messages
RIP-2 messages
EIGRP messages
DHCP relay agents (routers that forward to the DHCPserver)
FF02:1:2 N/A
DHCP servers (site scope) FF05::1:3 N/A
All NTP servers (site scope) FF05::101 N/A
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Table 16-11 Router IOS IPv6 Configuration Command Reference
Command Description
ipv6 address address/length
ipv6 address prefix/length eui-64
ipv6 address autoconfig
ipv6 address dhcp
ipv6 unnumbered interface-type number
ipv6 enable
ipv6 address address link-local
ipv6 address address/length anycast
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Appendix D: Memory Tables 21
Chapter 17
Table 17-3 Comparing RIP-2 to RIPng
Feature RIP-2 RIPng
Advertises routes for...
RIP messages use these Layer 3/4 protocols
UDP Port
Use Distance Vector
Default Administrative distance
Supports VLSM
Can perform automatic summarization
Uses Split Horizon
Uses Poison Reverse
30 second periodic full updates
Uses triggered updates
Uses Hop Count metric
Metric meaning infinity
Supports route tags
Multicast Update destination
Authentication
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Table 17-4 Comparing Verification Commands: show ip and show ipv6
Function IPv4 IPv6
All routes
All RIP learned routes
Details on the routes for a specific prefix
Interfaces on which RIP is enabled
List of routing information sources
Debug that displays sent and received Updates
Table 17-5 Comparing EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6
Feature EIGRP forIPv4
EIGRP forIPv6
Advertises routes for...
Layer 3 protocol for EIGRP messages
Layer 3 header protocol type
UDP Port
Uses Successor, Feasible Successor logic
Uses Dual
Supports VLSM
Can perform automatic summarization
Uses triggered updates
Uses composite metric, default using bandwidth and delay
Metric meaning infinity
Supports route tags
Multicast Update destination
Authentication
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Appendix D: Memory Tables 23
Table 17-7 Comparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3
Feature OSPFv2 OSPFv3
Advertises routes for...
OSPF messages use this Layer 3 protocol
IP Protocol Type
Uses Link State logic
Supports VLSM
Process to choose RID, compared to OSPFv2
LSA flooding and aging compared to OSPFv2
Area structure compared to OSPFv2
Packet types and uses compared to OSPFv3 (Table 6-4)
LSA flooding and aging compared to OSPFv2
Table 17-6 Comparing EIGRP Verification Commands: show ip and show ipv6...
Function show ip... show ipv6...
All routes
All EIGRP learned routes
Details on the routes for a specific prefix
Interfaces on which EIGRP is enabled, plusmetric weights, variance, redistribution, max-paths, admin distance
List of routing information sources
Hello interval
EIGRP database
Debug that displays sent and received Updates
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Table 17-7 Comparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3
Feature OSPFv2 OSPFv3
RID based on highest up/up loopback IPv4 address, or highest otherIPv4 interface address?
32-bit LSID
Uses interface cost metric, derived from interface bandwidth
Metric meaning infinity
Supports route tags
Elects DR based on highest priority, then highest RID
Periodic reflooding every...
Multicastall SPF routers
MulticastAll Designated routers
Authentication
Neighbor checks compared to OSPFv2 (table 5-5)
Multiple instances per interface
Table 17-8 Comparing OSPF Verification Commands: show ip and show ipv6...
Function show ipv4... show ipv6...
All OSPF-learned routes
Router ID, Timers, ABR, SPF statistics
List of routing information sources
Interfaces assigned to each area
OSPF interfacescosts, state, area, number of neighbors
Detailed information about OSPF interfaces
Displays summary of OSPF database
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Appendix D: Memory Tables 25
Chapter 18
Table 18-3 Comparing Manual and GRE IPv6-over-IP Tunnels
Manual Tunnels GRE
RFC 4213 2784
Tunnel mode command
Passenger MTU default 1480 1476
Supports IPv6 IGPs?
Forwards IPv6 multicasts?
Uses static configuration of tunnel destination?
Supports multiple passenger protocols?
Link local based on...
Table 18-4 Comparing IPv6 Multipoint Tunnels
Automatic 6to4 ISATAP
Defined by RFC or Cisco? 3056 4214
Uses a reserved IPv6 address prefix.
Supports the use of global unicast addresses?
Quartets holding the IPv4 destination address.
End-user host addresses embed the IPv4 destination?
Tunnel endpoints IPv6 addresses encode IPv4 destination.
Uses modified EUI-64 to form tunnel IPv6 addresses?
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