00_9781587202537_appd

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 1

Chapter 2

APPENDIX D

Memory Tables

Table 2-2 Key EIGRP Verification Commands

Command Key Information

show ip eigrp interfaces

show ip protocols

show ip eigrp neighbors

show ip eigrp topology

show ip route

Table 2-3 EIGRP Feature Summary

Feature Description

Transport

Metric

Hello interval

Hold timer

Update destination address

Full or partial updates

Authentication

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 2

Appendix D: Memory Tables 3

Table 2-4 Neighbor Requirements for EIGRP and OSPF

Requirement EIGRP OSPF

The routers must be able to send/receive IP packets to one another. Yes Yes

Interfaces primary IP addresses must be in same subnet. Yes Yes

Must not be passive on the connected interface.

Must use the same ASN (EIGRP) or process-ID (OSPF) on the router config-uration command.

Hello interval/timer, plus either the Hold (EIGRP) or Dead (OSPF) timer,must match.

Must pass neighbor authentication (if configured).

Must be in same area. N/A Yes

IP MTU must match. No Yes

K-values (used in metric calculation) must match.

Router IDs must be unique.

VLSM/classless

Route Tags

Next-hop field

Manual route summarization

Automatic Summarization

Multiprotocol

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 3

4 CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide

Table 3-3 Parameters on the eigrp stub Command

Option This router is allowed to...

Connected

Summary

Static

Redistributed

Receive-only

Chapter 3

Table 4-3 LE and GE Parameters on IP Prefix Lis, and the Implied Range of PrefixLengths

Prefix List Parameter Range of Prefix Length

Neither

Both ge and le

Only le

Only ge

Chapter 4

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 4


Table 5-2 Commonly Used OSPF Terms

Term Definition

Link state database

Shortest Path First (SPF)

Link State Update (LSU)

Link State Advertisement (LSA)

Area

Area Border Router (ABR)

Backbone router

Internal routers

Designated Router (DR)

Backup Designated Router (BDR)

Table 5-3 Most Commonly Used OSPF show Commands

Command Key Information

show ip ospf interface brief

show ip protocols

show ip ospf neighbors

show ip ospf database

show ip route

Chapter 5

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 5


Table 5-4 OSPF Feature Summary

Feature Description

Transport

Metric

Hello interval

Dead interval

Update destination address

Full or partial updates

Authentication

VLSM/classless

Route Tags

Next-hop field

Manual route summarization

Table 5-5 Neighbor Requirements for EIGRP and OSPF

Requirement OSPF EIGRP

Interfaces primary IP addresses must be in same subnet.

Must not be passive on the connected interface.

Must be in same area.

Hello interval/timer plus either the Hold (EIGRP) or Dead (OSPF) timer mustmatch.

Router IDs must be unique.

IP MTU must match.

Must pass neighbor authentication (if configured).

K-values (used in metric calculation) must match.

Must use the same ASN (EIGRP) or process-ID (OSPF) on the router config-uration command.

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 6


Table 5-8 OSPF Network Types

Interface TypeUsesDR/BDR?

DefaultHelloInterval

DynamicDiscovery ofNeighbors?

More Than TwoRouters Allowed in theSubnet?

Broadcast

Point-to-point1

Loopback

Nonbroadcast2

(NBMA)Yes 30 No Yes

Point-to-multi-point

No 30 Yes Yes

Point-to-multi-point nonbroad-cast

No 30 No Yes

1Default on Frame Relay point-to-point subinterfaces.2Default on Frame Relay physical and multipoint subinterfaces.

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 7


Chapter 6

Table 6-2 OSPF LSA Types

LSAType

CommonName

Description

1

2

3

4 ASBR Sum-mary

Like a type 3 LSA, except it advertises a host route used to reachan ASBR.

5 AS External Created by ASBRs for external routes injected into OSPF.

6 GroupMembership

Defined for MOSPF; not supported by Cisco IOS.

7 NSSAExternal

Created by ASBRs inside an NSSA area, instead of a type 5 LSA.

8 ExternalAttributes

Not implemented in Cisco routers.

911 Opaque Used as generic LSAs to allow for easy future extension of OSPF;for example, type 10 has been adapted for MPLS traffic engineer-ing.

Table 6-3 Facts about LSA Types 1, 2, and 3

LSA Type(Number)

LSA Type(Name)

This TypeRepresents

Display Using show ip ospf databasekeyword...

LSID IsEqual To

CreatedBy

1

2

3

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 8


Table 7-3 Stub Area Configuration Options

Action Configuration Steps

Stubby

Totally stubby

Set the metric of the default route

Table 7-4 OSPF Stubby Area Types

AreaType

ABRs flood Type 5External LSAs into thearea?

ABRs flood Type 3Summary LSAs intothe area?

Allows redistribution ofexternal LSAs into thestubby area?

Stub

Totallystubby

NSSA

TotallyNSSA

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Table 8-2 Configuring OSPF Authentication on Virtual Links

Type (Name) Type (Number) Command Syntax for Virtual Links

none

clear text

MD5

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 9


Table 8-3 OSPF Network Types

Interface TypeUsesDR/BDR?

Dynamic Discoveryof Neighbors?

Default HelloInterval

CiscoProprietary?

broadcast Yes

nonbroadcast No

point-to-

multipoint

Yes

point-to-

multipoint

nonbroadcast

No

Chapter 9

Table 9-3 Methods of Setting EIGRP Metrics When Redistributing into EIGRP

Function Command

Setting the default for all redistribute commands

Setting the component metrics applied to all routes redistributed by a singleredistribute command

Setting different component metrics to different routes from a single routesource

Table 9-5 Summary of Metric Values When Redistributing into OSPF

Function Command or MetricValues

Default if no metric configuration exists

Setting the default for all redistribute commands

Setting the metric for one route source

Setting different metrics for routes learned from a singlesource

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 10


Table 10-6 Default Administrative Distances

Route Type Administrative Distance

Connected

Static

EIGRP summary route

eBGP

EIGRP (internal)

IGRP

OSPF

IS-IS

RIP

On-Demand Routing(ODR)

EIGRP (external)

iBGP

Unreachable

Chapter 10

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 11


Table 12-2 Private IP Address Reference

Number of Classful Networks Range of Classful Networks Prefix for Entire Range

(1) Class A:

(16) Class B:

(256) Class C:

Table 12-5 16-Bit ASN Assignment Categories from IANA

Value or Range Purpose

0

1 through 64,495

64,496 through 65,511

64,512 through 65,534

65,535

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Table 13-2 BGP Neighbor States

State TypicalReasons

Idle

Connect

Active

Opensent

Openconfirm

Established

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 12


Table 13-3 BGP Message Types

Message Purpose Similarity with EIGRP

Open

Keepalive

Update

Notification

Table 13-4 Verification Commands for eBGP-Learned Routes

Verification Step Command

List possible default routes.

List possible routes, per prefix.

List routes learned from one neighbor,before any inbound filtering is applied.

List routes learned from a specific neighborthat passed any inbound filters.

Lists routes advertised to a neighbor afterapplying outbound filtering.

List the number of prefixes learned perneighbor.

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 13


Table 14-3 BGP clear Command Options

Command Hard orSoft

One or AllNeighbors

Direction (in orout)

clear ip bgp *

clear ip bgp neighbor-id

clear ip bgp neighbor-id out

clear ip bgp neighbor-id soft

out

clear ip bgp neighbor-id in

clear ip bgp neighbor-id soft in

clear ip bgp * soft

clear ip bgp neighbor-id soft

Chapter 14

Table 15-2 BGP Path Attributes That Affect the BGP Best Path Algorithm

PA Description Enterprise Route Direction (Typical)

NEXT_HOP

Weight1

Local Preference (LOCAL_PREF)

AS_PATH (length)

ORIGIN

Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)

1Weight is not a BGP PA; it is a Cisco-proprietary feature that acts somewhat like a PA.

Chapter 15

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 14


Table 15-3 BGP Decision Process Plus Mnemonic: N WLLA OMNI

Step Mnemonic letter Short Phrase Which Is Better?

0 N

1 W

2 L

3 L

4 A

5 O

6 M

7 N

8 I

Table 15-4 Key Features of Administrative Weight

Feature Description

Is it a PA?

Purpose

Scope

Range 0 through 65,535 (216 1)

Which is best?

Default

Defining a new default Not supported

Configuration

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 15


Table 15-5 Key Features of Local_Pref

Feature Description

PA?

Purpose

Scope

Range 0 through 4,294,967,295 (232 1)

Which is best?

Default

Changing the default

Using the bgp default local-preference BGP sub-command

Configuration

Table 15-6 Default Administrative Distances

Route Type Administrative Distance

Connected

Static

EIGRP summary route

eBGP

EIGRP (internal)

IGRP

OSPF

IS-IS

RIP

On-Demand Routing (ODR)

EIGRP (external)

iBGP

Unreachable

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 16


Table 15-7 Key Features of MED

Feature Description

Is it a PA?

Purpose

Scope

Range 0 through 4,294,967,295 (232 1).

Which is best?

Default

Configuration

Chapter 16

Table 16-4 Example IPv6 Prefixes and Their Meanings1

Term Assignment Example from Chapter 16

Registry prefix

ISP prefix

Site prefix or global routing prefix

Subnet prefix

Although an RIR can assign a prefix to an ISP, an RIR may also assign a prefix to other Internet

registries, which might subdivide and assign additional prefixes, until eventually an ISP and

then their customers are assigned some unique prefix.

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 17


Table 16-5 Summary of IPv6 Address Assignment for Global Unicast Addresses

Method Dynamicor Static

Prefix andlength learnedfrom...

Hostlearnedfrom...

Default routerlearned from...

DNSaddresseslearned from...

Stateful

DHCP

Stateless

autoconfig

static con-

figuration

Static con-

fig with

EUI-64

Table 16-6 Details of the RS/RA Process

Message RS RA

Multicast destination

Meaning of Multicast address

Table 16-7 Comparing Stateless and Stateful DHCPv6 Services

Feature StatefulDHCP

StatelessDHCP

Remembers IPv6 address (state information) of clients thatmake requests

Assigns IPv6 address to client

Supplies useful information, such as DNS server IP addresses

Most useful in conjunction with stateless autoconfiguration

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 18


Table 16-9 Common Link-Local Multicast Addresses

Type ofAddress

Purpose Prefix Easily Seen HexPrefix(es)

Global unicast

Unicast packets sent through the publicInternet

Unique local

Unicast packets inside one organization

Link local Packets sent in the local subnet

Site local Deprecated; originally meant to be usedlike private IPv4 addresses

FECO::/10 FEC, FED, FEE,FEF

Unspecified An address used when a host has no us-able IPv6 address

Loopback Used for software testing, like IPv4s127.0.0.1

IPv6 RFCs define the FE80::/10 prefix, which technically means that the first three hex digits could

be FE8, FE9, FEA, or FEB. However, bit positions 11-64 of link local addresses should be 0, so in

practice, link local addresses should always begin with FE80.

Table 16-10 Common Multicast Addresses

Purpose IPv6Address

IPv4Equivalent

All IPv6 nodes on the link

All IPv6 routers on the link

OSPF messages

RIP-2 messages

EIGRP messages

DHCP relay agents (routers that forward to the DHCPserver)

FF02:1:2 N/A

DHCP servers (site scope) FF05::1:3 N/A

All NTP servers (site scope) FF05::101 N/A

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 19


Table 16-11 Router IOS IPv6 Configuration Command Reference

Command Description

ipv6 address address/length

ipv6 address prefix/length eui-64

ipv6 address autoconfig

ipv6 address dhcp

ipv6 unnumbered interface-type number

ipv6 enable

ipv6 address address link-local

ipv6 address address/length anycast

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 20


Chapter 17

Table 17-3 Comparing RIP-2 to RIPng

Feature RIP-2 RIPng

Advertises routes for...

RIP messages use these Layer 3/4 protocols

UDP Port

Use Distance Vector

Default Administrative distance

Supports VLSM

Can perform automatic summarization

Uses Split Horizon

Uses Poison Reverse

30 second periodic full updates

Uses triggered updates

Uses Hop Count metric

Metric meaning infinity

Supports route tags

Multicast Update destination

Authentication

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 21


Table 17-4 Comparing Verification Commands: show ip and show ipv6

Function IPv4 IPv6

All routes

All RIP learned routes

Details on the routes for a specific prefix

Interfaces on which RIP is enabled

List of routing information sources

Debug that displays sent and received Updates

Table 17-5 Comparing EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6

Feature EIGRP forIPv4

EIGRP forIPv6


Layer 3 protocol for EIGRP messages

Layer 3 header protocol type

UDP Port

Uses Successor, Feasible Successor logic

Uses Dual

Supports VLSM

Can perform automatic summarization

Uses triggered updates

Uses composite metric, default using bandwidth and delay


Supports route tags

Multicast Update destination

Authentication

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 22


Table 17-7 Comparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3

Feature OSPFv2 OSPFv3


OSPF messages use this Layer 3 protocol

IP Protocol Type

Uses Link State logic

Supports VLSM

Process to choose RID, compared to OSPFv2

LSA flooding and aging compared to OSPFv2

Area structure compared to OSPFv2

Packet types and uses compared to OSPFv3 (Table 6-4)

LSA flooding and aging compared to OSPFv2

Table 17-6 Comparing EIGRP Verification Commands: show ip and show ipv6...

Function show ip... show ipv6...

All routes

All EIGRP learned routes

Details on the routes for a specific prefix

Interfaces on which EIGRP is enabled, plusmetric weights, variance, redistribution, max-paths, admin distance


Hello interval

EIGRP database

Debug that displays sent and received Updates

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 23


Table 17-7 Comparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3

Feature OSPFv2 OSPFv3

RID based on highest up/up loopback IPv4 address, or highest otherIPv4 interface address?

32-bit LSID

Uses interface cost metric, derived from interface bandwidth


Supports route tags

Elects DR based on highest priority, then highest RID

Periodic reflooding every...

Multicastall SPF routers

MulticastAll Designated routers

Authentication

Neighbor checks compared to OSPFv2 (table 5-5)

Multiple instances per interface

Table 17-8 Comparing OSPF Verification Commands: show ip and show ipv6...

Function show ipv4... show ipv6...

All OSPF-learned routes

Router ID, Timers, ABR, SPF statistics


Interfaces assigned to each area

OSPF interfacescosts, state, area, number of neighbors

Detailed information about OSPF interfaces

Displays summary of OSPF database

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 24


Chapter 18

Table 18-3 Comparing Manual and GRE IPv6-over-IP Tunnels

Manual Tunnels GRE

RFC 4213 2784

Tunnel mode command

Passenger MTU default 1480 1476

Supports IPv6 IGPs?

Forwards IPv6 multicasts?

Uses static configuration of tunnel destination?

Supports multiple passenger protocols?

Link local based on...

Table 18-4 Comparing IPv6 Multipoint Tunnels

Automatic 6to4 ISATAP

Defined by RFC or Cisco? 3056 4214

Uses a reserved IPv6 address prefix.

Supports the use of global unicast addresses?

Quartets holding the IPv4 destination address.

End-user host addresses embed the IPv4 destination?

Tunnel endpoints IPv6 addresses encode IPv4 destination.

Uses modified EUI-64 to form tunnel IPv6 addresses?

00_9781587202537_appd.qxp 12/17/09 4:41 PM Page 25

00_9781587202537_appd

Documents

hold eigrp

asn eigrp

ip prefix lis

pm page

sendreceive ip packets

processid ospf

router ids

eigrp stub commandoption