© Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved CHAPTER 5 - Learning.

CHAPTER 5 - Learning

Directions:

• Scroll through the presentation and enter the answers (which are really the questions) and the questions (which are really the answers).

• Enter in the categories on the main game boards.

• As you play the game, click on the TEXT DOLLAR AMOUNT that the contestant calls, not the surrounding box.

• When they have given a question, click again anywhere on the screen to see the correct question. Keep track of which questions have already been picked by printing out the game board screen and checking off as you go.

• Click on the “Game” box to return to the main scoreboard.

• Enter the score into the black box on each players podium.

• Continue until all clues are given.

• When finished, DO NOT save the game. This will overwrite the program with the scores and data you enter. You MAY save it as a different name, but keep this file untouched!

Round 1 Round 2Final

Jeopardy

Tolman

Honzik Ski

Principles of Classical

Conditioning

More Classical

Condition-ing

Additional Classical

Conditioning

Bonus: Classical

Conditioning

Principles of Operant

More Operant

$100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100

$200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200

$300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300

$400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400

$500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500

Round 2

Final Jeopardy

Scores

$100$100

Relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through

experience

Relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through

experience

$100$100

What is learning?What is learning?

Scores

$200$200

The process of learning by which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit an identical or

similar response to one originally elicited by another stimulus as

the result of the pairing of the two stimuli.

The process of learning by which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit an identical or

similar response to one originally elicited by another stimulus as

the result of the pairing of the two stimuli.

$200$200

What is classical conditioning?What is classical conditioning?

Scores

$300$300

An unlearned response to a stimulus

$300$300

What is an unconditioned response?

Scores

$400$400

A stimulus that elicits an unlearned response

$400$400

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

Scores

$500$500

A stimulus that before conditioning does not produce a

particular response

A stimulus that before conditioning does not produce a

particular response

$500$500

What is a neutral stimulus?What is a neutral stimulus?

Scores

$100$100

An acquired or learned response to a conditioned stimulus

$100$100

What is a conditioned response?What is a conditioned response?

Scores

$200$200

A previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned

response after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned

response after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus

$200$200

What is a conditioned stimulus?What is a conditioned stimulus?

Scores

$300$300

The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a

conditioned response

The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a

conditioned response

$300$300

What is extinction?What is extinction?

Scores

$400$400

The spontaneous return of a conditioned response following

extinction

The spontaneous return of a conditioned response following

extinction

$400$400

What is spontaneous recovery?What is spontaneous recovery?

Scores

$500$500

The process of relearning a conditioned response following

extinction

The process of relearning a conditioned response following

extinction

$500$500

What is reconditioning?What is reconditioning?

Scores

$100$100

The tendency for stimuli that are similar to the conditioned

stimulus to elicit a conditioned response

The tendency for stimuli that are similar to the conditioned

stimulus to elicit a conditioned response

$100$100

What is stimulus generalization?What is stimulus generalization?

Scores

$200$200

The tendency to differentiate among stimuli so that stimuli that

are related to the original conditioned stimulus, but not

identical to it, fail to elicit a conditioned response

The tendency to differentiate among stimuli so that stimuli that

are related to the original conditioned stimulus, but not

identical to it, fail to elicit a conditioned response

$200$200

What is stimulus discimination?What is stimulus discimination?

Scores

$300$300

The process by which a new stimulus comes to elicit a

conditioned response as a result of its being paired with a

conditioned stimulus that already elicits the conditioned response

The process by which a new stimulus comes to elicit a

conditioned response as a result of its being paired with a

conditioned stimulus that already elicits the conditioned response

$300$300

What is higher-order conditioning?

Scores

$400$400

An emotional response to a particular stimulus acquired

through classical conditioning

An emotional response to a particular stimulus acquired

through classical conditioning

$400$400

What is a conditioned emotional reaction?

Scores

$500$500

Excessive fears of particular objects or situations

$500$500

What are phobias?What are phobias?

Scores

$100$100

Form of therapy that involves the systematic application of the

principles of learning

Form of therapy that involves the systematic application of the

principles of learning

$100$100

What is behavior therapy?What is behavior therapy?

Scores

$200$200

Aversions to particular tastes acquired through classical

conditioning

Aversions to particular tastes acquired through classical

conditioning

$200$200

What are conditioned taste aversions?

Scores

$300$300

The body’s system of defense against disease

$300$300

What is the immune system?What is the immune system?

Scores

$400$400

3 characteristics that strengthen conditioned responses

$400$400

What are:

1.Frequency of Pairings

2.Timing

3.Intensity of unconditioned stimulus

What are:

1.Frequency of Pairings

2.Timing

3.Intensity of unconditioned stimulus

Scores

$500$500

This person viewed that classical conditioned involves a cognitive

process by which organisms learn to anticipate events based on cues or signals that reliably

predict the events

This person viewed that classical conditioned involves a cognitive

process by which organisms learn to anticipate events based on cues or signals that reliably

predict the events

$500$500

Who was Robert Rescorla?Who was Robert Rescorla?

Scores

$100$100

Thorndike’s principle that responses that have satisfying effects are more likely to recur,

while those that have unpleasant effects are less likely to recur

Thorndike’s principle that responses that have satisfying effects are more likely to recur,

while those that have unpleasant effects are less likely to recur

$100$100

What is the Law of Effect?What is the Law of Effect?

Scores

$200$200

The philosophical position that free will is an illusion or myth and that human and animal behavior

is completely determined by environmental and genetic

influences

The philosophical position that free will is an illusion or myth and that human and animal behavior

is completely determined by environmental and genetic

influences

$200$200

What is radical behaviorism?What is radical behaviorism?

Scores

$300$300

A stimulus event that strengthens the response it follows

$300$300

What is a reinforcer?What is a reinforcer?

Scores

$400$400

The process of learning in which the manipulation of the

consequences of a response influences the likelihood or probability of the response

occurring

The process of learning in which the manipulation of the

consequences of a response influences the likelihood or probability of the response

occurring

$400$400

What is operant conditioning?What is operant conditioning?

Scores

$500$500

An experimental apparatus developed by B. F. Skinner for studying relationships between

reinforcement and behavior

An experimental apparatus developed by B. F. Skinner for studying relationships between

reinforcement and behavior

$500$500

What is the Skinner box?What is the Skinner box?

$100$100

In Skinner’s view, behavior acquired through coincidental

association of a response and a reinforcement

In Skinner’s view, behavior acquired through coincidental

association of a response and a reinforcement

Scores

$100$100

What is superstitious behavior?What is superstitious behavior?

$200$200

A cue that signals that reinforcement is available if the

subject makes a particular response

A cue that signals that reinforcement is available if the

subject makes a particular response

Scores

$200$200

What is a discriminative stimulus?

$300$300

The strengthing of a response through the introduction of a

stimulus following the response

The strengthing of a response through the introduction of a

stimulus following the response

Scores

$300$300

What is positive reinforcement?What is positive reinforcement?

$400$400

The strengthening of a response through the removal of a stimulus

after the response occurs

The strengthening of a response through the removal of a stimulus

after the response occurs

Scores

$400$400

What is negative reinforcement?What is negative reinforcement?

$500$500

Reinforcers, such as food or sexual stimulation, that are

naturally rewarding because they satisfy basic biological needs or

drives

Reinforcers, such as food or sexual stimulation, that are

naturally rewarding because they satisfy basic biological needs or

drives

Scores

$500$500

What are primary reinforcers?What are primary reinforcers?

Even More Operant

Contition-ing

Operant Condition

Finally:Operant

Condition-ing

Cognitive Learning

Bonus: Cognitive Learning

Practicing Reinforce

$200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200

$400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400

$600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600

$800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800

$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000

Round 1

Final Jeopardy

Scores

$200$200

Learned reinforcers, such as money, that develop their

reinforcing properties because of their association with primary

reinforcers

Learned reinforcers, such as money, that develop their

reinforcing properties because of their association with primary

reinforcers

$200$200

What are secondary reinforcers?What are secondary reinforcers?

Scores

$400$400

A process of learning that involves the reinforcement of

increasingly closer approximations of the desired

response

A process of learning that involves the reinforcement of

increasingly closer approximations of the desired

response

$400$400

What is shaping?What is shaping?

Scores

$600$600

The method used to shape behavior that involves reinforcing

even-closer approximations of the desired response

The method used to shape behavior that involves reinforcing

even-closer approximations of the desired response

$600$600

What is method of successive approximations?

Scores

$800$800

Predetermined plans for timing the delivery of reinforcement

$800$800

What are schedules of reinforcement?

Scores

$1000$1000

A system of dispensing a reinforcement each time a

response is produced

A system of dispensing a reinforcement each time a

response is produced

$1000$1000

What is a schedule of continuous reinforcement?

Scores

$200$200

A system of dispensing a reinforcement for only a portion

of responses

A system of dispensing a reinforcement for only a portion

of responses

$200$200

What is a schedule of partial reinforcement?

Scores

$400$400

The learning of behaviors that allow an organism to escape from

an aversive stimulus

The learning of behaviors that allow an organism to escape from

an aversive stimulus

$400$400

What is escape learning?What is escape learning?

Scores

$600$600

The learning of behaviors that allow an organism to avoid an

aversive stimulus

The learning of behaviors that allow an organism to avoid an

aversive stimulus

$600$600

What is avoidance learning?What is avoidance learning?

$800$800

The introduction of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a reinforcing stimulus after a

response occurs, which leads to the weakening or suppression of

the response

The introduction of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a reinforcing stimulus after a

response occurs, which leads to the weakening or suppression of

the response

Scores

$800$800

What is punishment?What is punishment?

Scores

$1000$1000

The systematic application of learning principles to stregthen adaptive behavior and weaken

maladaptive behavior

The systematic application of learning principles to stregthen adaptive behavior and weaken

maladaptive behavior

$1000$1000

What is behavior modification?What is behavior modification?

Scores

$200$200

A from of behavior modification in which tokens earned for

performing desired behaviors can be exchanged for positive

reinforcers

A from of behavior modification in which tokens earned for

performing desired behaviors can be exchanged for positive

reinforcers

$200$200

What is token economy program?What is token economy program?

Scores

$400$400

A learned method in which complex material is broken down into a series of small steps that

learners master at their own pace

A learned method in which complex material is broken down into a series of small steps that

learners master at their own pace

$400$400

What is programmed instruction?What is programmed instruction?

Scores

$600$600

A form of programmed instruction in which a computer

is used to guide a student through a series of increasingly

difficult questions

A form of programmed instruction in which a computer

is used to guide a student through a series of increasingly

difficult questions

$600$600

What is computer-assisted instruction?

Scores

$800$800

What is one reason why parents should not use punishment as a

method of disipline?

What is one reason why parents should not use punishment as a

method of disipline?

$800$800

What is that punishment

•Does not teach new behaviors

•Can have undesirable consequences

•May become abusive

•May represent a form of inappropriate modeling ?

What is that punishment

•Does not teach new behaviors

•Can have undesirable consequences

•May become abusive

•May represent a form of inappropriate modeling ? Scores

$1000$1000

Schedule in which the number of correct responses needed before

reinforcement is given varies around some average number

Schedule in which the number of correct responses needed before

reinforcement is given varies around some average number

$1000$1000

What is variable ratio schedule?What is variable ratio schedule?

Scores

$200$200

Learning that occurs without the opportunity of first performing the learned response or being

reinforced for it

Learning that occurs without the opportunity of first performing the learned response or being

reinforced for it

$200$200

What is cognitive learning?What is cognitive learning?

Scores

$400$400

The process of mentally working through a problem until the

sudden realization of a solution occurs

The process of mentally working through a problem until the

sudden realization of a solution occurs

$400$400

What is insight learning?What is insight learning?

Scores

$600$600

Learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement and that

is not displayed until reinforcement is provided

Learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement and that

is not displayed until reinforcement is provided

$600$600

What is latent learning?What is latent learning?

Scores

$800$800

A mental representation of an area that helps an organism

navigate its way from one point to another

A mental representation of an area that helps an organism

navigate its way from one point to another

$800$800

What is a cognitive map?What is a cognitive map?

Scores

$1000$1000

Learning without conscious awareness of what is learnedLearning without conscious awareness of what is learned

$1000$1000

What is implicit learning?What is implicit learning?

Scores

$200$200

Learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others

$200$200

What is observational learning?What is observational learning?

Scores

$400$400

Developer of the term ‘cognitive map’

$400$400

Who is Edward Tolman?Who is Edward Tolman?

Scores

$600$600

The “Aha!” phenomenonThe “Aha!” phenomenon

$600$600

What is insight?What is insight?

Scores

$800$800

In observational learning, the person whose behavior is

observed

In observational learning, the person whose behavior is

observed

$800$800

Who is the model?Who is the model?

Scores

$1000$1000

Also referred to as ‘vicarious learning’

$1000$1000

What is observational learning?What is observational learning?

Scores

$200$200

To modify behavior through reinforcement, it is important to

establish a clear ____, or connection, between the desired behavior and the reinforcement

To modify behavior through reinforcement, it is important to

establish a clear ____, or connection, between the desired behavior and the reinforcement

$200$200

What is contingency?What is contingency?

Scores

$400$400

Exchanging of desirable reinforcers; a more formal way of

establishing a contingency

Exchanging of desirable reinforcers; a more formal way of

establishing a contingency

$400$400

What is contingency contracting?What is contingency contracting?

Scores

$600$600

2 guidelines for enhancing the effectiveness of reinforcement2 guidelines for enhancing the effectiveness of reinforcement

$600$600What are:

•Be specific

•Use specific language

•Select a reinforcer

•Explain the contingency

•Apply the reinforcer

•Track the frequency of the desired behavior

•Wean the child from the reinforcer

What are:

•Be specific

•Use specific language

•Select a reinforcer

•Explain the contingency

•Apply the reinforcer

•Track the frequency of the desired behavior

•Wean the child from the reinforcer Scores

$800$800

2 ways to give praise2 ways to give praise

$800$800

What are:

•Make eye contact with the child

•Use hugs

•Be specific

•Be sincere

What are:

•Make eye contact with the child

•Use hugs

•Be specific

•Be sincere

Scores

$1000$1000

2 more ways to give praise2 more ways to give praise

$1000$1000

What are:

•Avoid empty flattery

•Reward the effort, not the outcome

•Avoid repeating yourself

•Don’t end on a sour note

What are:

•Avoid empty flattery

•Reward the effort, not the outcome

•Avoid repeating yourself

•Don’t end on a sour noteScores

Scores

Schedules of Partial-ReinforcementSchedules of Partial-Reinforcement

Final Jeopary Question

The four types of partial-reinforcement

What are:

1.Fixed-ratio

2.Variable-ratio

3.Fixed-ratio

4.Variable-interval

What are:

1.Fixed-ratio

2.Variable-ratio

3.Fixed-ratio

4.Variable-interval

Scores

© Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved CHAPTER 5 - Learning.

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rights reserved directions

learning slide

conditioned response

unconditioned stimulus

experience slide

unlearned response slide

particular response

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