Documents Water hardness pH PO 4 3- NO 2 -, NO 3 - NH 4 + Fe.

Slide 1water hardness pH PO 4 3- NO 2 -, NO 3 - NH 4 + Fe Slide 2 WATER HARDNESS Water hardness is caused by divalent ions, especially Ca 2+ and Mg 2+. The measure for water…

Documents CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER

water hardness pH PO43- NO2-, NO3- NH4+ Fe WATER HARDNESS Water hardness is caused by divalent ions, especially Ca2+ and Mg2+. The measure for water hardness is 1°d (=10mg…