Slide 1 Principles of Least Squares Slide 2 Introduction In surveying, we often have geometric constraints for our measurements –Differential leveling loop closure = 0…
Compass Surveying In Compass survey chain or tape is used for linear measurements and compass is used for fixing direction. In compass freely suspended magnetic needle directs…
SURVEYING – I (CE- 128) TRAVERSING NUST Institute of Civil Engineering/Engr. Ahmed Rasheed Mirza SURVEYING – I (CE- 128) A series of connected straight lines each joining…
Traversing Chapter 9 Closed Traverse Showing Interior Angles Open Traverse Showing Deflection Angles Computation of Interior and Exterior Angle at STA 1 + 43.26 Computation…
11/3/2015 1 POLICIES AND GUIDELINES IN THE CLASSROOM Prayer. Each class begins and ends with a prayer. Greeting. Students greet the teacher “Good morning, Sir/Ma’am/Sister.…
Leveling Rise & Fall Method A closed traverse to measure heights at 5.0m intervals is to be taken through the center of a large residential block. There are two existing…
Sub: Surveying Topic : Basics of surveying JH ACADEMY Page 11 1. The area of a plan of an old map plotted to a scale of 10 m to 1 cm measures 100.2 as measured by a planimeter.…
SURVEYING – I (CE- 128) TRAVERSING * NUST Institute of Civil Engineering/Engr. Ahmed Rasheed Mirza SURVEYING – I (CE- 128) * A series of connected straight lines each…