1. Objectives Identify the assessment parameters used fordetermining the status of upper and lower urinary tractfunction Describe the diagnostic studies used to determineurinary…
I. INTRODUCTION Chronic or irreversible, renal failure is a progressive reduction of functioning renal tissue such that the remaining kidney mass can no longer maintain the…
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: Causes and Manifestations Vimar A. Luz, MD, FPCP, DPSN DEFINITIONS Chronic renal disease (CRD) is a pathophysiologic process (last more than 3 months)…
Peritonitis By; Abrar Hussain Zaidi Anatomy of peritoneum Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Male Female close peritoneum open peritoneum Abdominal wall peritoneum Definition…
MEAS URM EN T O F FIBR IN DEG RDATI ON PR ODU CTS I N CH RONIC R EN AL FAI LU RE PATI EN TS USIN G D-DI MER TEST Submitted by: Mohammed Jomaa Ali Al-haj Faraj B.Sc. In Medical…
HYPONATRAEMIA Definition is an electrolyte disturbance (disturbance of the salts in the blood) in which the sodium concentration in the plasma is too low (below 135 mmol/L).…
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1. Introduction: End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a major health problem and each year the number of patients is increasing.…
Obscure GI Hemorrhage Dr Chintamani MS, FRCS (Edin.), FICS,FIAMS Examiner, MRCS The Royal College Of Surgeons Of Edinburgh Vardhman Mahavir Medical College Safdarjang hospital…
I. INTRODUCTION A. Brief Description Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal disease, is a progressive loss of renal function over a period of months or…
Anaemia Anaemia’s • Anaemia is present when there is a decrease in the level of haemoglobin in the blood < 13.5 g/dL in adult males or < 12 g/dL in adult females.…