80 100 OBSERVATION VS. EXPERIMENT Confounding variable Less common in the group that undergoes the intervention Increased mortality (âoutcomeâ) (DUAL) ASSOCIATION OF CONFOUNDING…
Slide 1 Confounding Slide 2 A plot of the population of Oldenburg at the end of each year against the number of storks observed in that year, 1930-1936. Ornitholigische Monatsberichte…