9/14/2016 1 Facts, Tools, & Tips Deb Zwiefelhofer, RDN, LD NDLTC ‐ September 21, 2016 1 Learning Objectives After completing, the learner will: Identify the dietary needs between celiac disease, gluten sensitivity and wheat allergy. Adjust recipes, menus and kitchens workspace to accommodate serving the gluten free diet. Recognize the variety of resources that support gluten‐ free living. 2 True or False? 1. About one in every five Americans are allergic to at least one food. 2. Food labels must list all allergenic ingredients. 3. Food intolerances cause less severe reactions than food allergies. 4. Restaurant items identified as gluten free are always “safe”. 3
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9/14/2016
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Facts, Tools, & Tips
Deb Zwiefelhofer, RDN, LDNDLTC ‐ September 21, 2016
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Learning ObjectivesAfter completing, the learner will:
Identify the dietary needs between celiac disease, gluten sensitivity and wheat allergy.
Adjust recipes, menus and kitchens workspace to accommodate serving the gluten free diet.
Recognize the variety of resources that support gluten‐free living.
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True or False? 1. About one in every five Americans are allergic to at least one food.
2. Food labels must list all allergenic ingredients.
3. Food intolerances cause less severe reactions than food allergies.
4. Restaurant items identified as gluten free are always “safe”.
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Prevalence Clinically diagnosed Food Allergy
5% of children
4% of adults
Food Intolerance / Sensitivity
Not quantifiable
1:3 people claim issues
Allergy, Intolerance or Sensitivity? Allergy – body’s immune system reacts to a substance that it identifies as harmful
Intolerance – immune system is not directly involved but there are other adverse reactions to normally harmless substances in food
Sensitivity – A non‐allergic, non‐autoimmune reaction
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Definition ‐ Allergy Abnormal response to a ‘normal’ food
Triggered by immune system
Body produces antibody IgE
Reaction may be immediate to hours after exposure
Response ranges from mild to severe
Risk is tied to genetics
Proteins in the offending food have survived usual breakdown from cooking, stomach acids and/or digestive enzymes
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Allergic Response Response & timing unique to individual
Protein fragments are introduced and allergic reactions follow
Itching in mouth as food is eaten
Abdominal discomfort with digestion
Vomiting, diarrhea, GI pain
Allergens in bloodstream
Drop in blood pressure
Upon reaching the skin → hives, eczema
Reaching the lungs → wheezing
Oral Allergy syndrome Allergy to pollen creates an issue with raw fruits/vegetables
Localized to mouth /oral cavity and/or throat
Same item cooked is often tolerated
8 Foods cause 90% of Allergies
Milk
Eggs
Wheat
Soybeans
Peanuts
Tree Nuts
Shellfish
Fish
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BUT…….. Any food can cause an allergic reaction.
Corn, gelatin, grapes, onion, tomato, banana, apple
Stone fruits: plum, peach, nectarine, cherries
Meats: beef, chicken, mutton, pork,
Seeds: sesame, sunflower, poppy
Spices: caraway, coriander, garlic, mustard
Different countries have different “top” allergens
People can have many different types of allergies besides foods. Sometimes leading to cross‐reactions
Separating Wheat from Gluten
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Wheat Allergy Allergy to the whole protein component in wheat.
Evidenced by allergic reaction
Swelling, itching or irritation– especially around mouth
Nasal congestion
Itchy watery eyes
Difficulty breathing
Anaphylactic shock [swelling of throat, rapid heartbeat, dizziness/fainting]
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Wheat Allergy No:
Wheat
Triticale
Generally tolerated grains: Aramanth
Barley
Buckwheat
Corn
Oats
Millet
Rice
Rye
Sorghum
Quinoa
Whereis the Wheat?
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BREAKFAST
ORANGE JUICECEREAL OF CHOICEBAKED EGG OMELET
TOASTMARGARINE
JELLYCOFFEE/SUGAR/CREAMER /MILK
LUNCHITALIAN CRUSTED FISH
SOUR CREAM MASHED POTATOESSEASONED PEAS
BREAD / MARGARINERASPBERRY PARFAIT SQUARE
COFFEE/SUGAR/CREAMER/MILKGARNISH LEMON WEDGE
SLICED TURKEYKEY LARGO VEGETABLES
Definition ‐ Intolerance Intolerance / Hypersensitivity ‐ not a true allergy
Non‐IgE mediated
Not linked to genetics
Abnormal physiological response to food or food compound
Varied mechanisms of action:
Metabolic: absence of chemicals/enzymes to digest a food Lactose, fructose intolerance
GI: Inability to absorb nutrients Fructose malabsorption
Pharmacologic: natural/artificial food chemical sensitivity Salicylate, sulphites, nitrate
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Intolerance/Sensitivity Response Chronic vs. acute, less obvious