ZigBee Low-power networking protocol Presented by: Leif Millar David Jackson Chase Casgrain 1.

ZigBee

Low-power networking protocol

Presented by:

Leif MillarDavid JacksonChase Casgrain

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Overview• What is ZigBee?

• Pros and Cons

• Mesh Networking

• Security

• Demo

• Questions

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• Named after the wiggle dance a bee does when it returns to the hive.

• Wireless communication protocol typically utilized by small embedded radios.

• Developed to meet demand for ad-hoc personal networks.

• Demand speculated by engineers around 1998• ZigBee Alliance started in 2002

• Based on the 802.14.5 wireless networking protocol.

• Uses: Electric Meters, Thermostats, Security Systems, Light Switches, Traffic Management, 373 Projects?

What is ZigBee?

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Why ZigBee?• Low Power, Cost, and Size

• Straightforward configuration

• Good support and documentation• Lots of products already on the market

• Mesh Networking

• Lends itself well to many different applications

• Very low wakeup time• 30mS (Zigbee) vs. up to 3S (Bluetooth)

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• Competes with Wi-Fi for bandwidth.. Only four usable bands in Wi-Fi intensive

scenarios

• Low speed and throughput• < 100kbps

Or maybe not…

Image & Data Source<http://fosiao.com/system/files/misc/zigbee.wifi_.channel.jpg>

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Comparison

Diagram obtained from : <http://www.telegesis.com/downloads/general/Evoluon%20Zigbee%20Presentation.pdf>

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What is a Mesh Network, and why do I care?A mesh network consists of a series of nodes.

Each node must acquire and transmitits own data, as well as act as a relay forother nodes to propagate data.

ZigBee devices often form Mesh Networks.

Examples: Wireless light switching, Music school practice rooms.

Image Source:<http://kf5czo.blogspot.com/2012/03/ham-radio-and-mesh-

networks.html>

Mesh NetworkingMesh networks consist of three types of nodes:

Coordinator Router End Devices

What does a Coordinator do? Why? Search for open wireless channel Establish “PAN ID” Wait for queries from new nodes

End devices, when not in use, shut downto conserve power. They have no routingresponsibilities.

Image Source:<http://i.cmpnet.com/rfdesignline/2009/03/FIGURE_01_TI.j

pg>

Mixed Star and Mesh Topology

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Mesh Networking• Advantages of Mesh Networking:

Allows devices to communicate to multiple other devices in the network.

Multiple paths to destination – greater flexibility against interference.

Allows overall network to grow to larger physical sizes than possible with point-to-point networks.

• Mesh Characteristics: Self-forming – ZigBee devices can establish

communication pathways when new devices appear. Self-healing – If a node is removed from the

network(either intentionally or not) the remaining network willlook to establish alternate routes of communication.

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Is it safe?• High-level Wireless security:

• IEEE 802.15.4 standard AES 128-bit encryption elements.

• ZigBee-specific Mesh security – Uses a system of security keys(Link, Master, Network) to maintainsecurity against:Unauthorized network accessPacket integrity damagePacket snooping (internal and external)

Image Source:<http://www.jennic.com/elearning/zigbee/files/graphics/key_lock.jpg>

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Xbee Introduction• XBee – 16 models, 3 wireless protocols.

ZigBee, DigiMesh, and IEEE 802.15.4• XBee for the demo – Xbee 802.15.4 S1• Uses protocol 802.15.4

• No mesh network - Point to point, point to multipoint

• No underlying infrastructure.• Basis for Zigbee

RX

RX

TX

TX

RX

RX

TX

TX

UART – Serial Communication

Transparent Serial Communication

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Xbee DemoAre you using XBee’s for your project? Pay attention• X-CTU software

• Set Baud Rate• Set Destination Address – high and low

Demo Code For The Arduino BoardsMaster Slave

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Demo Notes• Xbee – non standard pin size. • Uart interface. Uses tx-rx .• To Program Xbee use a FTDI - Uart to usb. • Xbees uses 3.3 volts

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But wait, there’s more!EECS 498 Lab

http://www.eecs.umich.edu/courses/eecs498-brehob/Labs/498Lab1.pdf

ZigBee Alliancewww.zigbee.orghttp://www.zigbee.org/Standards/ZigBeeHomeAutomation/FAQ.aspxhttp://docs.zigbee.org/zigbee-docs/dcn/06-4482.pdf

Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigbeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_networkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AODV

Libelium http://www.libelium.com/security_802.15.4_zigbee/

Digihttp://www.digi.com/learningcenter/video/player?id=zigbee-part-i-mesh-networking-basics

Digikeyhttp://www.digikey.com/us/en/techzone/wireless/resources/articles/comparing-low-power-wireless.html

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Questions?