Zigbee Zigbee By: By: Adel Al-Ghamdi Adel Al-Ghamdi 214919 214919 Yousef Al-Rasheedi Yousef Al-Rasheedi 215715 215715 For: For: Dr. Adnan Al-Andalusi Dr. Adnan Al-Andalusi
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ZigbeeZigbeeBy:By:
Adel Al-GhamdiAdel Al-Ghamdi 214919214919
Yousef Al-Rasheedi Yousef Al-Rasheedi 215715215715
For:For:
Dr. Adnan Al-AndalusiDr. Adnan Al-Andalusi
OUTLINESOUTLINES
What is Zigbee?What is Zigbee? Why is Zigbee needed?Why is Zigbee needed? Components of ZigbeeComponents of Zigbee Network TopologiesNetwork Topologies LR-WPAN ArchitectureLR-WPAN Architecture Zigbee vs. BluetoothZigbee vs. Bluetooth Zigbee ApplicationsZigbee Applications
What is Zigbee?What is Zigbee?
Zigbee technology is a low data rate, low power consumption, low cost, wireless networking protocol targeted towards automation and remote control applications.
It is a result of the joined forces of Zigbee It is a result of the joined forces of Zigbee Alliance and IEEE.Alliance and IEEE.
Zigbee belongs to IEEE 802.15.4 standard.Zigbee belongs to IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
Why is Zigbee needed?Why is Zigbee needed?
There are a verity of standards that address mid There are a verity of standards that address mid to high data rates for voice, PC LANs, video, etc. to high data rates for voice, PC LANs, video, etc. However, up till now there hasn’t been a However, up till now there hasn’t been a wireless network standard that meets the unique wireless network standard that meets the unique needs of sensors and control devicesneeds of sensors and control devices. .
Sensors and controls don’t need high bandwidth Sensors and controls don’t need high bandwidth but they do need but they do need low latencylow latency and very and very low low energy consumptionenergy consumption for long battery live. for long battery live.
The 802 Wireless SpaceThe 802 Wireless Space
Types of Components Types of Components
Two types of devices used by Zigbee system:Two types of devices used by Zigbee system:1.1. Full- function device (FFD).Full- function device (FFD).2.2. Reduced-function device (RFD).Reduced-function device (RFD).
The network shall include at least one FFD, The network shall include at least one FFD, operating as the PAN coordinator.operating as the PAN coordinator.
RFD is intended for applications that are RFD is intended for applications that are extremely simple and does not need to send extremely simple and does not need to send large amount of data.large amount of data.
FFD can talk to RFDs or FFDs while RFD can FFD can talk to RFDs or FFDs while RFD can only talk to FFD.only talk to FFD.
Network TopologiesNetwork Topologies Star Topology:Star Topology: the communication is
established between devices and a single central controller, called the PAN coordinator.
The PAN coordinator may be main powered while the devices will most likely be battery powered.
Each start network chooses a PAN identifier, which is not currently used by any other network within the radio sphere of influence. This allows each star network to operate independently.
Applications that benefit from this topology include home automation, personal computer (PC) peripherals, toys and games.
Peer-to-peer (Mesh) topology: Peer-to-peer (Mesh) topology: has has alsoalso one PAN coordinator. In contrast to star topology, any device can communicate with any other device as long as they are in range of one another.
It can be ad hoc, self-organizing and self-healing network.
Applications such as industrial control and monitoring, and wireless sensor networks.
Cluster-tree topology: Cluster-tree topology: is a special case of a peer-to-peer network in which most devices are FFDs and an RFD may connect to a cluster-tree network as a leave node at the end of a branch.
Any of the FFD can act as a coordinator and provide synchronization services to other devices and coordinators. Only one of these coordinators however is the PAN coordinator.
LR-WPAN ArchitectureLR-WPAN Architecture
The device comprises:The device comprises: IEEE 802.15.4 PHY IEEE 802.15.4 MAC IEEE 802.15.4 NWK Application LayerApplication Layer
An IEEE 802.2 logical link control (LLC) can access the MAC sublayer through the service specific convergence sublayer (SSCS).
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY
PHY (MHz)Freq band
(MHz)Modulation
Bit rate (Kbps)
868 868-868.6 BPSK 20
915 902-928 BPSK 40
2450 2400-2483.5 O-QPSK 250
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
Zigbee incorporates a CSMA-CA protocolZigbee incorporates a CSMA-CA protocol This protocol reduces the probability of This protocol reduces the probability of
interfering with other users and automatic interfering with other users and automatic retransmission of data ensures robustness.retransmission of data ensures robustness.
By determining when to transmit, By determining when to transmit, unnecessary clashes are avoided.unnecessary clashes are avoided.
Data TransferData Transfer
Information in a Zigbee network is transferred in Information in a Zigbee network is transferred in packetspackets
Each packet has a maximum size of 128 bytes, Each packet has a maximum size of 128 bytes, allowing for a maximum payload of 104 bytes.allowing for a maximum payload of 104 bytes.
The Zigbee specification supports a maximum The Zigbee specification supports a maximum data transfer rate of 250 kbps for a range of up data transfer rate of 250 kbps for a range of up to 30 meters.to 30 meters.
For priority messages, a guaranteed time slot For priority messages, a guaranteed time slot mechanism has been incorporated . This allows mechanism has been incorporated . This allows high priority messages to be sent across the high priority messages to be sent across the network as rapidly as possible.network as rapidly as possible.
IEEE 802.15.4 NWK
The responsibilities of the Zigbee NWK layer The responsibilities of the Zigbee NWK layer include:include: Starting a network: Starting a network: The ability to successfully The ability to successfully
establish a new network. establish a new network. Joining and leaving a networkJoining and leaving a network: The ability to gain : The ability to gain
membership (join) or relinquish membership (leave) a membership (join) or relinquish membership (leave) a network.network.
Configuring a new device: Configuring a new device: The ability to sufficiently The ability to sufficiently configure the stack for operation as required. configure the stack for operation as required. Addressing:Addressing: The ability of a Zigbee coordinator to The ability of a Zigbee coordinator to assign addresses to devices joining the network.assign addresses to devices joining the network.
IEEE 802.15.4 NWK
Security: Security: applying security to outgoing applying security to outgoing frames and removing security to terminating frames and removing security to terminating frames frames
Routing:Routing: routing frames to their intended routing frames to their intended destinations. destinations.
Zigbee RoutingZigbee Routing
Hierarchical routing strategy Uses two strategies
AODV: Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector Cluster-Tree Algorithm
Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector
Pure on-demand route acquisition algorithm Defines path of message from source to sink Nodes that are not on active path don’t maintain
routing information or exchange routing tables
Primary objectives Broadcast discovery packets only when necessary Distinguish between local connectivity management
and general topology management Disseminate information about local connectivity
changes to neighboring mobile nodes
Cluster-Tree Algorithm
Forms single/multi cluster tree networks Forms self-organizing network with
redundancy and self-repair capabilities Nodes select cluster heads and form
clusters in a self-organized manner. Self-developed clusters then connect to
each other through a designated Device (DD)
Zigbee vs. BluetoothZigbee vs. Bluetooth
Zigbee looks rather like Bluetooth but is simpler, has a lower data rate and spends most of its time snoozing a node on a Zigbee network should be able to run for six months to two years on just two AA batteries.
The operational range of Zigbee is 10-75m compared to 10m for Bluetooth (without a power amplifier).
Zigbee vs. BluetoothZigbee vs. Bluetooth
Zigbee devices talk via small data packet, while Zigbee devices talk via small data packet, while Bluetooth's protocol is more complex since it is geared towards handling voice, images and file transfers.
Zigbee allows up to 254 nodes, while Bluetooth only allows up to 8 slave nodes.
When Zigbee node is powered down, it can wake up and get a packet in around 15 msec whereas a Bluetooth device would take around 3sec to wake up and respond.
Zigbee ApplicationsZigbee Applications
ZigBeeWireless Control that
Simply Works
RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT
COMMERCIAL CONTROL
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
TVVCRDVD/CDremote
securityHVAClighting controlaccess controllawn & garden irrigation
PC & PERIPHERALS
INDUSTRIALCONTROL
asset mgtprocess control
environmentalenergy mgt
PERSONAL HEALTH CARE
BUILDING AUTOMATION
securityHVAC
lighting controlaccess control
mousekeyboardjoystick
patient monitoring
fitness monitoring
More InformationMore Information
ZigBee Alliance Web Site ZigBee Alliance Web Site http://http://www.ZigBee.orgwww.ZigBee.org
IEEE 802.15 Web SiteIEEE 802.15 Web Sitehttp://www.ieee802.org/15http://www.ieee802.org/15
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