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Zero Carbon Isn’t Really Zero[ Why Embodied Carbon in Materials Can’t Be Ignored ]
Webinar: Tuesday, Nov 10 2009, 1pm ET / 10am PT
Total Embodied vs. Operational Carbon for 60 year building lifecycle
1: Baseline 2: Efficiency 3: Clean Power 4a: Refurb 4b: Rebuild
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Presenters
Scott Simpson
Design Futures Council Senior Fellow & Contributing Editor
Design IntelligenceCambridge, MA
Fiona Cousins
Principal
ArupNew York, NY
Engin Ayaz
Energy and Resources Consultant
ArupSan Francisco, CA
Frances Yang
Structures and Materials Specialist
ArupSan Francisco, CA
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AttendeePollfor the Design Intelligence/ Arup conference about “Embodied Carbon in Buildings.”
Based on actual attendance data
Locations and professions are approximated
Data: Stephanie WhittakerGraphics: Engin Ayaz
Hawaii
Sydney, Aus
architect /
designer engineer
researchercontractor
unknownfacilities manager
PROFESSIONS
LOCATIONS
London
SUMMARY
80 people registered
57 people attended
17 Arup people registered
10 Arup people attended
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global | integrated | employee-owned | multidisciplinary
10,000 Staff in 92 Offices
Background of Arup
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Principal Fields of Activity in the USStructural Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Plumbing Engineering
Fire Engineering + Life Safety
Sustainability
Civil Engineering
Façade Engineering
Energy
Infrastructure Planning
Transportation Planning
Traffic Engineering
Communications / IT Consulting
Acoustics / Vibration Consulting
Audiovisual Consulting
Master Planning
Security / Risk Assessment
Building Energy Assessment
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Environmental Consulting
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ARUP SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS DESIGN FRAMEWORKOn every project we aim to help our clients imagine how their buildings might be:
© Arup
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A closer look at life-cycle thinking
Extraction
Manufacturing & Transport
Design & Construction
Operations & Maintenance
Renovation, Demolition, Recycling & Reuse
OPERATIONAL
EMBODIED
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Definitions
Building Embodied Energy = f (Material Energy, Lifespan, Refurbishment)
Building Embodied CO2 = f (Material Energy, Lifespan, Refurbishment + Energy Source + Chemical Processes + Transport Fuel Type)
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Global Statistics
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Energy CO2
Impacts
Boundary for Environmental Footprinting
increasing complexity
Embodied in materialsthroughout lifecycle
Transport (People & Logistics)
Water
Waste
Operational Electricity & Gas Consumption
CO2e(All GHGs)
Other Environmental
© Arup
Zero Energy / Carbon Definition
increasingcomprehensiveness
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Our Study
Energy CO2
Impacts
Boundary for Environmental Footprinting
Embodied in materialsthroughout lifecycle
Transport (People & Logistics)
Water
Waste
Operational Electricity & Gas Consumption
CO2e(All GHGs)
Other Environmental
© Arup
Zero Energy / Carbon Definition
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Energy CO2
Impacts
Boundary for Environmental Footprinting
Embodied in materialsthroughout lifecycle
Transport (People & Logistics)
Water
Waste
Operational Electricity & Gas Consumption
CO2e(All GHGs)
Other Environmental
© Arup
Zero Energy / Carbon Definition
Emb
Op
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US & CAN
Webster
Cole & Kernan
Athena
Build Carbon Neutral
UK
Eaton & Amato
Simon Group
Past Studies
Embodied energy is 9-12% of 60 yr life-cycle energy demand
Embodied energy is 2-22% of 50 yr life-cycle energy demand
Embodied carbon is 13-18% of 66 yr life-cycle carbon emissions
Up to 80% of the life-cycle carbon emissions is embodied carbon
Embodied energy is 4-9% of 50 yr life-cycle energy
Embodied carbon is 37-43% of 60 yr life-cycle carbon emissions
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© Arup
Case Studyfo
r b
asel
ine
Color Legend: Embodied vs. Operational
Line chart:To compare whole-life carbon emissions trends across 60 year lifecycle
Doughnut chart: To compare the aggregated carbon emissions at the end of 60 years
1: Baseline 2: Efficiency 3: Clean Power 4a: Refurb 4b: Rebuild
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The tool behind it
“EVOCE: Embodied vs Operational Carbon Emissions” Tool, developed by Arup
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Case 1: Baseline
Typical mid-rise office bldg, 60 year lifespan, ASHRAE 2004 baseline
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Case 2: Energy Efficiency
Max LEED EA points – 50% energy reduction
Source: CPUC Energy Efficiency Plan
Source: ASHRAE
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Case 3: Clean Power
30% more renewables (on-site, grid, offsets)
Source: Pew
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Case 4a: Refurbish
Replacement of mechanical systems, façades, and finishes at 30th year
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Case 4b: Rebuild
Demolition and rebuild at 30th year
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Our Conclusion
Embodied carbon is 11-50% of 60 yr life-cycle emissions
1: Baseline 2: Efficiency 3: Clean Power 4a: Refurb 4b: Rebuild
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Wider Context
Future flexibility
High-performancedesign
Design forDeconstruction
Infrastructure
Site
© Arup
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Make use of existing building; Reduce total built area
Long-lasting, weatherproof, disaster-resilient systems; Adaptable, flexible space
Reclaimed and recycled content; Rapidly renewable and local/regional materials
Built-in source separation, chutes; Favor take-back schemes
Outreach to occupants; Purchasing policies & waste contracts
Proposed Overall Approach
© Arup
Load reduction, efficiency, renewables
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Questions?Thanks…
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