[YRC] Nâng cao hiệu quả công tác quản lý và xếp dỡ container qua cảng Chùa Vẽ, Hải Phòng

7/21/2019 [YRC] Nâng cao hiệu quả công tác quản lý và xếp dỡ container qua cảng Chùa Vẽ, Hải Phòng

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Kợ` fợ`

Fớ g kờ Ēạs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2

@DƮƨEA G< ODÂG ODMÂZ @DSEA YỈ PỸ XDÂZ Z^GỎE @ứB YẦE ZẮG @MEZBGEC^

NẸEA ĘƮỖEA NGỎE ZẨG YGỉZ EBK% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9

G% Zồea rsbe yỂ pỲ dæed zdèed yè xdâz z~gỀe `mezbgec~ z~ìe zdẽ agở g%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9

2% PỲ ~b Ēớ g `ỡb dề zdỒea yẫe zẠg `mezbgec~ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9

>% PỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb dề zdỒea yẫe zẠg `mezbgec~% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4

GG% Odâg rsâz `dsea yỂ zdỲ` z~Ảea yẫe `dswỀe dèea dðb nẲea `mezbgec~ ĒƠớ ea ngỀe `ỡb Ygềz Ebkagbg ĒmẢe >883+>828% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 22

2% Dề zdỒea `Ạea ngỀe Ygềz Ebk% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 22

>% Dề zdỒea zès ngỀe Ygềz Ebk%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2>

@DƮƨEA GG< ZDỸ @ Z^ẨEA YẦE ZẮG DÈEA DÐB NẸEA @MEZBGEC^ RSB @ẮEA @D×BYẶ& DẮG XDÞEA% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2:

G% Agở g zdgềs `dsea yỂ `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2:

2% Odâg rsâz @Ạea DẠg Xdþea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2:

2%2% Yỏ z~ë Ēỏb fû% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 29

2%>% Fỏ`d pừ z~swỂe zdỒea< %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 24

>% Odâg rsâz `dsea yỂ `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 27

>%2% Yỏ z~ë Ēỏb fû% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >8

>%>% Fỏ`d pừ dæed zdèed yè xdâz z~gỀe% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >8

GG% DmẢz Ēỗea yẫe zẠg `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& DẠg Xdþea agbg ĒmẢe >883+>828% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >>

2% ĘgỂs ogềe zỲ edgìe `ỡb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >>

>% Nbe rsẠe fû `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >0

>%2% Nbe rsẠe fû `Ạea< %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >:

>%>% @â` nbe eadgềx yợ yè `â` ĒƢe yỏ z~Ỳ` zgẽx pẠe tsảz< %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >3

0% Z~bea zdgẽz nỏ xdợ` yợ `mezbgec~% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >1

0%2% @â` z~bea zdgẽz nỏ xdợ` yợ zès ngỀe ~b yèm& ecm Ēẫs zẢg `Ạea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >10%>% @â` z~bea zdgẽz nỏ xdợ` yợ ygề` tẽx jỢ & yẫe `dswỀe dèea dðb z~mea xdẢk yg `Ạea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >7

0%0% Dề zdỒea odm nàg `ỡb `Ạea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 02

0%:% Dề zdỒea zdúea zge fgìe fẢ` `ỡb `Ạea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 0>

0%3% Dề zdỒea agbm zdúea xdợ` yợ `mezbgec~ eamèg xdẢk yg `Ạea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 00

:% @â` jỏ`d yợ jèed `dm `mezbgec~ `ỡb `Ạea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 0:

3% Rsw z~æed agbm edẫe `mezbgec~ zẢg `Ạea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 07

3%2% Agbm edẫe `mezbgec~ edẫx odầs% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 07

3%>% Agbm edẫe `mezbgec~ tsảz odầs< %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 07



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3%0% Agbm dèea zữ nàg fìe xdƠƢea zgềe `ỡb `dỡ dèea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :8

9% FƠỠ ea `mezbgec~ yẫe `dswỀe rsb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :>

GGG% Edẫe tçz% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :0

2% ĘgỀk kẢed< %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :0>% ĘgỀk wẽs% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :9

0% @Ƣ dỗg %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :4

:% Zdâ`d zdủ` %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 32

@DƮƨEA GGG< KỔZ PỘ AGẮG XDÂX EÎEA @BM DGỉS RSẮ YẦE ZẮG @MEZBGEC^ RSB@ẮEA @D×B YẶ& DẮG XDÞEA% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 3:

G% @dgẽe fƠỠ ̀ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ >828+ >8>8& Ēỏed dƠở ea >808% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 3:

GG% AgẠg xdâx eîea `bm dgềs rsẠ yẫe zẠg `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& DẠg Xdþea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 33

2% AgẠg xdâx yg kú% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 39

2%2% ZĀea `Ơớ ea dmẢz Ēỗea Ēạs zƠ%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 39

2%>% Xdâz z~gỀe easỐe edîe fỲ`% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 31

2%0% Kờ ~ỗea dmẢz Ēỗea tü` zgẽe zdƠƢea kẢg% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 37

>% AgẠg xdâx yħ kú%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 98

>%2% Dmèe zdgềe dề zdỒea dẢ zạea agbm zdúea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 98

>%>% Dmèe zdgềe `úea zâ` rsẠe fû edè eƠở` z~mea fħed yỲ` `Ạea ngỀe% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 92

>%0% Eîea `bm ybg z~þ `ỡb dgềx dỗg `Ạea ngỀe Ygềz Ebk+ YXB% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9>

>%:% Rsw dmẢ`d tîw jỲea z~sea zîk fmagpzg` `dm ods yỲ` kgỂe nậ`% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 90

Oẽz fsẫe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 93

Zèg fgềs zdbk odẠm %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 99



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Kợ` fợ` nẠea ngỀs

Ạea 2< OdmẠea `â`d zữ @Ạea DẠg Xdþea Ēẽe kỗz pỒ `Ạea ngỀe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 24

Ạea > Z~æed Ēỗ `âe nỗ `úea edîe ygìe $>887'< %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >9

Ạea 0< Zdúea pỒ oỷ zdsẫz `ỡb `Ạea %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >4

Ạea :< Jbed kợ` `â` fmẢg `ạe z~ợ` `dîe Ēẽ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% >7

Ạea 3< Jbed kợ` `â` fmẢg `ạe z~ợ` nâed fỒx% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 08

Ạea 9< Jbed kợ` `â` fmẢg `ồea z~ợ` agèe R@% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 08

Ạea 1< Jbed kợ` `â` fmẢg `ầs agèe nâed fỒx ^ZA% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 08

Ạea 4< Jbed kợ` `â` fmẢg tc eîea dèea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 02

Ạea 7< Jbed kợ` `â` fmẢg tc Ēạs oçm yè kmð` ̀ dswìe j÷ea% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 02

Ạea 28< NgỀs `Ơở ̀ `â` jỏ`d yợ tẽx jỢ `mezbgec~ âx jợea zữ 2-2->82>< %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 09

Ạea 22< NgỀs `Ơở ̀ agâ jỏ`d yợ Ēðea- ~üz dèea z~mea `mezbgec~ $ĒƢe yỏ< ĒỐea-`mezbgec~' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 01

Ạea 2>< mbed zds zữ dmẢz Ēỗea jỏ`d yợ `ỡb të eadgềx %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 04

Ạea 20< PẠe fƠỠ ea `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :>

Ạea 2:< FƠỠ ea dèea dðb yè `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea DẠg Xdþea %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% :>



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Fớ g kờ Ēạs

Zữ Ēạs edửea eĀk 98 `ỡb zdẽ oự TT& & rsâ z~æed .@mezbgec~ dðb. z~mea

`dswìe `dờ eaèw `èea z~ờ eìe xdồ ngẽe z~ìe zdẽ agở g% Pừ jợea `mezbgec~ Ēà nỗ` fỗ

zëed Ơs ygềz `ỡb eð odg âx jợea yèm `â` xdƠƢea zdủ` yẫe zẠg odâ` edƠ< odỒg fƠỠ ea

dèea dðb `dswìe `dờ fởe edƠea fẢg ~üz eaậe ĒƠỠ ̀ zdớ g agbe `dswìe `dờ & agẠk `dg

xdë `dswìe `dờ yè zgẽz ogềk ĒƠỠ ̀ `â` `dg xdë fgìe rsbe% Zữ edửea Ēằ` z~Ơea Ēð kè

`mezbgec~ Ēà z~ờ zdèed eçz eồg nẫz `ỡb `sỗ` `â`d kẢea odmb dị` oỷ zdsẫz fởe Ēạs

edửea eĀk 98 `ỡb zdẽ oự TT yè zdbw Ēồg `ợ` jgềe `ỡb eaèed yẫe zẠg& Ēầw kẢed agbm

fƠs nsúe nâe rsỒ` zẽ yè xdâz z~gỀe oged zẽ z~ìe zmèe zdẽ agởg% @ŧea z~mea ts dƠở ea

Ēð& .`mezbgec~ dðb. eaèed yẫe zẠg ờ Ygềz Ebk Ēà `ð edửea nƠở ̀ zgẽe Ēâea oỀ& zữea nƠở ̀ zdcm oỏx pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb yẫe zẠg zdẽ agở g% Ygềz Ebk `düea zb `ð ĒƠớ ea nớ

ngỀe jèg dƢe nb eadæe ok& zdsẫe fỠ g `dm ygề` agbm zdƠƢea& nsúe nâe nẲea yẫe zẠg

ngỀe% DƢe zdẽ eửb& Ygềz Ebk `þe `ð yỏ z~ë rsbe z~ịea z~mea ods yỲ` Ęúea Ebk Â

yè fè `ừb eaó ~b ngỀe `ỡb kỗz pỒ rsỒ` agb odâ`% Zsw edgìe& jƠớea edƠ dề zdỒea

`Ạea ngỀe Ygềz Ebk eðg `dsea& dề zdỒea `Ạea ngỀe DẠg Xdþea+ `ừb eaó agbm zdƠƢea

dèea dðb nẲea ĒƠớ ea ngỀe `ỡb kgỂe Nậ` eðg ~gìea& `dƠb zdcm oỏx zỒ` Ēỗ rsâ z~æed

.`mezbgec~ dðb.& odúea `dệ Ạed dƠờ ea tảs Ēẽe pỲ xdâz z~gỀe yẫe zẠg ngỀe Ygềz Ebk

kè `þe `Ạ eỂe oged zẽ kgỂe Nậ` Ygềz Ebk% @Ạea @d÷b Yẻ+ `Ạea `mezbgec~ `dëed

z~mea dề zdỒea `Ạea DẠg Xdþea eaèw `èea nỗ` fỗ edửea kằz wẽs oçk yỂ `Ƣ pờ yẫz

`dảz `ŧea edƠ `úea zâ` rsẠe fû% m Ēð& `ạe `ð edửea eadgìe `ủs `ợ zdỀ yỂ& easwìe

edîe& zdỲ` z~Ảea `ỡb pỲ wẽs oçk& zữ Ēð ĒƠb ~b Ēỏed dƠở ea xdâz z~gỀe `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ

eðg ~gìea z~mea rsâ z~æed .`mezbgec~ dðb. eaèw `èea kẢed kẻ `ŧea edƠ pỲ xdâz z~gỀe

`dsea `ỡb eỂe oged zẽ kgỂe Nậ`& ĒỀ tủea zạk fè kỗz z~mea edửea Ēạs kỒg agbm

zdúea ĒƠớ ea ngỀe rsbe z~ịea `ỡb kgỂe Nậ` eðg ~gìea yè Ygềz Ebk eðg `dsea%

Ęà `ð edgỂs eadgìe `ủs z~mea eƠở` `ŧea edƠ z~ìe zdẽ agở g yỂ ygề` eîea `bm

dgềs rsẠ dmẢz Ēỗea agbm edẫe dèea dðb nẲea `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea% Zsw edgìe& `â`

eadgìe `ủs jèed ~gìea `dm dề zdỒea `Ạea DẠg Xdþea `dỡ wẽs zdỀ dgềe ờ kằz oỷ

zdsẫz kè `dƠb ĒỂ `ẫx edgỂs Ēẽe ygề` eîea `bm `úea zâ` rsẠe fû `ỡb `Ƣ rsbe rsẠe fû

`Ạea% Z~mea odg Ēð& ờ `â` eƠở` Ēbea xdâz z~gỀe edƠ Ygềz Ebk zdæ yảe ĒỂ rsẠe fû fẢg



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fè yảe ĒỂ rsbe z~ịea ĒỀ zdgẽz fẫx kỗz nỗ kâw fèk ygề` dgềs rsẠ zdæ fẢg nỏ eç z~âed&

odúea ĒỂ `ẫx Ēẽe% ĘỂ zèg oẽ zdữb `â` eadgìe `ủs z~Ơở` Ēð& Ēg pîs yèm agẠg xdâx zĀea

`Ơớea eĀea fỲ` rsẠe fû `ỡb `dëed rswỂe `Ạea nìe `Ảed ygề` ĒỂ `ẫx Ēẽe `â` agẠg

xdâx zỒg Ơs dðb zdớ g agbe tẽx jỢ %

Zdúea rsb ĒỂ zèg& eaƠớg Ēị` `ð `âg edæe zồea rsbe yỂ zdỲ` z~Ảea fƠs zdúea

dèea `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& ĒỐea zdớ g edðk eadgìe `ủs `ŧea Ēằz zdỲ` z~Ảea

eèw z~mea kỒg zƠƢea rsbe yở g Zîe @Ạea& Pèg Aþe? rsb Ēð& zæk ~b agẠg xdâx yỂ rsẠe

fû& agâk pâz `ŧea edƠ zỒg Ơs dðb `dg xdë edẲk eîea `bm dgềs rsẠ fƠs zdúea

`mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea%

ĘỂ zèg pừ jợea xdƠƢea xdâx ĒỒg `dgẽs pm pâed& xdîe zë`d zồea dỠ x&zdỒea

oì&%%%%

ĘỂ zèg `dệ eadgìe `ủs yỂ zæed dæed fƠs zdúea yè agbm edẫe dèea `mezbgec~ rsb

@Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& DẠg Xdþea yở g pỒ fgềs z~mea agbg ĒmẢe >883+>828%

ĘỂ zèg aỐk 0 `dƠƢea<

@DƮƨEA G< Odâg rsâz `dsea yỂ pỲ xdâz z~gỀe yẫe zẠg nẲea `mezbgec~ ĒƠớ ea ngỀe zẢg

Ygềz Ebk%

@DƮƨEA GG< ZdỲ` z~Ảea yẫe zẠg dèea `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& DẠg Xdþea

z~mea kỒg rsbe dề pm pâed yở g Zîe @Ạea Pèg Aþe%

@DƮƨEA GGG< Kỗz pỒ agẠg xdâx eîea `bm dgềs rsẠ yẫe zẠg `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea @d÷b

Yẻ& DẠg Xdþea%



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@DƮƨEA G< ODÂG ODMÂZ @DSEA YỈ PỸ XDÂZ Z^GỎE @ứB YẦE ZẮG

@MEZBGEC^ NẸEA ĘƮỖ EA NGỎE ZẨG YGỉZ EBK%

G% Zồea rsbe yỂ pỲ dæed zdèed yè xdâz z~gỀe `mezbgec~ z~ìe zdẽ agở g%

Fỏ`d pừ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb fmèg eaƠớ g fsúe aậe fgỂe yở g pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb `â` `úea

`ợ fbm Ēỗea z~mea Ēð `ð `úea `ợ yẫe zẠg% Ēằ` ngềz fè odg pỲ zdúea zdƠƢea& agbm fƠs

nsúe nâe agửb `â` rsỒ` agb eaèw `èea z~ờ eìe kẢed kẻ z~ìe edgỂs dæed zdủ`% Wìs

`ạs yỂ `â` xdƠƢea zdủ` yẫe zẠg `ŧea edƠ `dảz fƠỠ ea yẫe zẠg ~ảz ĒƠỠ ̀ tck z~ịea ĒỀ

zữ Ēð `dm ~b Ēớ g `dgẽ` `mezbgec~ Ēạs zgìe% Ęạs edửea eĀk 98 `ỡb zdẽ oự TT& z~mea

`â` xdƠƢea zdủ` yẫe zẠg ĒƠỠ ̀ âx jợea odâ xdồ ngẽe xdƠƢea xdâx `dswìe `dờ nẲea`mezbgec~% ‖`mezbgec~ dðb‛ z~mea `dswìe `dờ dèea dðb Ēà z~Ỳ` zgẽx fèk zdbw Ēồg pîs

pậ` yỂ edgỂs kằz& odúea `dệ z~mea eaèed yẫe zẠg kè z~mea `Ạ `â` eaèed oged zẽ odâ`%

Yẫe `dswỀe dèea dðb nẲea `mezbgec~ ~b Ēớg Ēà kbea fẢg dgềs rsẠ oged zẽ ~ảz fở e% Yæ

yẫw eaƠớg zb `mg ‖`mezbgec~ dðb‛ `dëed fè Ēằ` z~Ơea `ỡb `sỗ` `â`d kẢea odmb dị`

oỷ zdsẫz fạe zdủ nb z~mea fħed yỲ` yẫe zẠg%

2% PỲ ~b Ēớ g `ỡ b dề zdỒ ea yẫ e zẠg `mezbgec~Yẫe zẠg dbw eðg `dëed tâ` dƢe fè rsâ z~æed yẫe zẠg fsúe ĒƠỠ ̀ `Ạg zgẽe yè dmèe

zdgềe% Kợ` Ēë`d `dỡ wẽs `ỡb zgẽe nỗ oỷ zdsẫz yè zồ `dủ` z~mea yẫe zẠg fè ~üz eaậe

zdớ g agbe `dswìe `dờ& ĒẠk nẠm be zmèe `dm ĒỒg zƠỠea ĒƠỠ ̀ `dswìe `dờ ĒỐea zdớ g

agẠk `dg xdë `dswìe `dờ zở g kủ` zdảx edảz%

Zdcm zdỲ` zẽ `düea zb `ð zdỀ edẫe zdảw& zdớ g agbe odbg zdâ` `ỡb `úea `ợ yẫe

zẠg aỐk dbg xdạe Ēð fè< zdớ g agbe `úea `ợ yẫe zẠg `dẢw z~ìe ĒƠớ ea yè zdớ g agbe `úea

`ợ yẫe zẠg Ēố zẢg `â` ĒgỀk yẫe zẠg edƠ ab& `Ạea&… ĒỀ zgẽe dèed tẽx jỢ yè `â` eadgềx

yợ odâ`% Zự fề agửb dbg odmẠea zdớ g agbe eðg z~ìe ngẽe Ēồg xdợ zdsỗ` yèm xdƠƢea

zdủ` yẫe zẠg yè xdƠƢea xdâx odbg zdâ` `úea `ợ yẫe zẠg% ĘgỂs Ēâea eðg ờ Ēîw fè& ygề`

zĀea zỒ` Ēỗ oỷ zdsẫz `ỡb `úea `ợ yẫe zẠg pẻ odúea ĒẢz ĒƠỠ ̀ dgềs rsẠ oged zẽ eẽs edƠ

odúea agẠk ĒƠỠ ̀ zdớ g agbe `úea `ợ yẫe zẠg Ēố zẢg `â` ĒgỀk aẠea% m Ēð& yảe ĒỂ `Ƣ

nẠe edảz ĒỀ zĀea eĀea fỲ` yẫe zẠg yè eĀea psảz `dswìe `dờ fè zĀea `Ơớea `Ƣ agở g

dðb odîs tẽx jỢ dèea dðb ờ `â` ĒgỀk yẫe zẠg% Kỗz z~mea edửea wìs zỒ rsbe z~ịea





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dèea edƠ pbs<488 t 2888kk& 488 t 2>88kk& 2888 t 2>88kk z~mea Ēð fmẢg 488 t

2>88kk ĒƠỠ` `mg fè ‖odbw dèea‛ `ð fỠ g edảz%

XdƠƢea xdâx zdủ nb zẢm ~b ĒƢe yỏ dèea dðb fởe dƢe yè dgềe ĒẢg dƢe z~meayẫe zẠg `dëed fè j÷ea `mezbgec~% @mezbgec~ `÷ea yở g dèea dðb tẽx z~mea Ēð zẢm zdèed

kỗz ĒƢe yỏ dèea dðb z~mea psỒz rsâ z~æed `dswìe `dờ% Ęð fè kỗz xdƠƢea xdâx ‖ĒƢe

yỏ dðb dèea dðb‛ dmèe zdgềe edảz yè kbea fẢg dgềs rsẠ oged zẽ edảz z~mea yẫe zẠg eỗg

Ēỏb `ŧea edƠ z~mea yẫe zẠg rsỒ` zẽ dgềe ebw%

>% PỲ xdâz z~gỀ e `ỡ b dề zdỒ ea yẫ e zẠg `mezbgec~%

Dgềe ebw `ð ~ảz edgỂs zèg fgềs eðg yỂ fỏ`d pừ yè pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb xdƠƢea xdâx

`dswìe `dờ dèea dðb nẲea `mezbgec~% m Ēð& tâ` Ēỏed kỗz `â`d `dëed tâ` zdớg ĒgỀk

tsảz dgềe `dgẽ` `mezbgec~ Ēạs zgìe `dệ fè zƠƢea ĒỒg% Pmea& eaƠớ g zb `ð zdỀ xdîe `dgb

pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb ‖`mezbgec~ dðb‛ ~b fèk nỒe agbg ĒmẢe<

Agbg ĒmẢe 2< zëed Ēẽe eĀk 2733

Agbg ĒmẢe >< z~mea odmẠea zdớ g agbe 2739 ‐ 2799

Agbg ĒmẢe 0< zữ eĀk 2794 Ēẽe eĀk 2748 Agbg ĒmẢe :< zữ eĀk 2742 Ēẽe ebw

Kốg agbg ĒmẢe xdâz z~gỀe fẢg `ð edửea Ēằ` z~Ơea odâ` edbs<

Agbg ĒmẢ e 2<

Z~mea agbg ĒmẢe eèw kỗz pỒ eƠở ̀ nậz Ēạs zdë eadgềk pừ jợea `mezbgec~ fmẢg

edọ yèm `dswìe `dờ dèea dðb z~mea yẫe zẠg ĒƠớ ea pậz% Z~Ơở` ĒẢg `dgẽe zdẽ agở g fạe

kỗz& kỗz pỒ `úea zw yẫe zẠg& Ēằ` ngềz fè `â` `úea zw ĒƠớ ea pậz zdë eadgềk xdƠƢea

xdâx `dswìe `dờ dèea dðb z~mea `mezbgec~ `Ợ edọ% Zảz edgìe& `mezbgec~ fü` nảw agớ

`ð oẽz `ảs yè `úea jợea odúea agỒea edƠ `mezbgec~ dgềe ebw% Z~mea zdớ g agbe agửb

dbg `sỗ` `dgẽe z~bed zdẽ agởg& `â` eƠở` edƠ< Bed& Xdâx& Kỷ& Ęủ`& Fgìe Tú zgẽx zợ`

kờ ~ỗea xdẢk yg pừ jợea `mezbgec~ z~mea `dswìe `dờ dèea dðb% PỲ xdâz z~gỀe edbed

`dðea `ỡb xdƠƢea xdâx `dswìe `dờ eèw Ēþg dọg xdẠg `ð pỲ xdỒg dỠ x `dằz `dẻ agửb

`â` xdƠƢea zdủ` yẫe zẠg& agửb `Ƣ rsbe yẫe zẠg yở g edbs% Edửea oged eadgềk `ỡb



7

7

Kỷ z~mea ygề` pừ jợea `mezbgec~ ĒỀ `dờ yŧ odë yè yẫz fgềs `dgẽe z~bed Ēà `ð zâ`

jợea edảz Ēỏed Ēẽe Ēẽe ygề` zdü` Ēầw pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `dswìe `dờ `mezbgec~ yèm zdớ g

agbe pbs `dgẽe z~bed%

Edửea eĀk 38 `ỡb zdẽ oự TT `dswìe `dờ `mezbgec~ ĒƠỠ ̀ xdâz z~gỀe yở g zỒ`

Ēỗ edbed dƢe% XdẢk yg pừ jợea `mezbgec~ ĒƠỠ ̀ kờ ~ỗea pbea `â` xdƠƢea zdủ` yẫe

zẠg odâ` $ĒƠớ ea ngỀe& ĒƠớea ú zú…'% Zsw edgìe xdƠƢea xdâx `dswìe `dờ `mezbgec~

`ŧea kở g `dệ âx jợea `dm `dswìe `dờ eỗg Ēỏb yè pừ jợea `mezbgec~ fmẢg edọ yè fmẢg

z~sea næed $z~ịea zẠg jƠở g 3 zảe& jsea zë`d zữ 2 + 0 k0%

Agbg ĒmẢ e > $2739 ‐ 2799'

Fè zdớ g oỰ âx jợea `mezbgec~ z~mea `dswìe `dờ rsỒ` zẽ& pừ jợea eaèw `èea

edgỂs `mezbgec~ fmẢg fở e yè zỒ` Ēỗ xdâz z~gỀe `dswìe `dờ `mezbgec~ ~ảz `bm% @ð zdỀ

eðg ~Ẳea agbg ĒmẢe eèw fè zdớ g oỰ nậz Ēạs `ỡb `sỗ` `â`d kẢea `mezbgec~ z~mea

`dswìe `dờ dèea dðb% Odúea `dệ `ð Kỷ kè `â` eƠở` `dîs Îs z~mea agbg ĒmẢe eèw

`ŧea xdâz z~gỀe kẢed kẻ xdƠƢea zdủ` yẫe zẠg eèw `Ạ yỂ pỒ fƠỠ ea fắe `dảz fƠỠ ea%

Agbg ĒmẢ e 0 $2791 ‐ 2748'

EĀk 2791& zồ `dủ` Zgìs `dsầe dðb rsỒ` zẽ $GPM' Ēà zdúea rsb zgìs `dsầe

`mezbgec~ rsỒ` zẽ fmẢg fở e âx jợea z~mea `dswìe `dờ rsỒ` zẽ% `ŧea z~mea eĀk eèw&

zdèed fẫx ‖@úea zw rsỒ` zẽ yỂ `dswìe `dờ `mezbgec~‛ yở g zìe Gezc~`mezbgec~ oged

jmbed `dswìe `dờ `mezbgec~ nẲea yẫe zẠg ĒƠớ ea pậz agửb `â` eƠở ̀ `dîs Îs%

Agbg ĒmẢe eèw `ð edửea Ēằ` ĒgỀk fở e fè<

+ Âx jợea xdồ ngẽe `â` fmẢg `mezbgec~ zdcm zgìs `dsầe GPM

+ ổ edgỂs eƠở ̀ z~ìe zdẽ agởg Ēà dæed zdèed dề zdỒea yẫe zẠg `mezbgec~ nbm aỐk

yẫe zẠg ĒƠớ ea pậz& ú zú& kằ` j÷ z~æed Ēỗ oỷ zdsẫz& zồ `dủ` rsẠe fû yè oged jmbed ờ

kủ` Ēỗ odâ` edbs

+ ZĀea edbed pỒ fƠỠ ea `mezbgec~ fmẢg fở e& pỒ fƠỠ ea `úea `ợ yẫe zẠg `dswìe

jợea `dờ `mezbgec~ yè zdgẽz nỏ tẽx jỢ `mezbgec~



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+ Tîw jỲea& `Ạg zẢm `â` `Ạea ngỀe& ab ĒƠớ ea pậz ngìe agở g zdë`d dỠ x yở g `dswìe

`dờ `mezbgec~ yè xdợ` yợ `dswìe `dờ `mezbgec~ rsỒ` zẽ

+

Dæed zdèed `â` zswẽe ĒƠớ ea pậz& ĒƠớ ea ngỀe `dswìe `dờ `mezbgec~ ờ `dîs Îsyè z~ìe zdẽ agở g

Zữ edửea Ēằ` ĒgỀk z~ìe& `düea zb `ð zdỀ edẫe tçz ~Ẳea agbg ĒmẢe zdủ nb fè

zdớ g oỰ xdâz z~gỀe edbed yè ~ỗea ~àg `ỡb xdƠƢea xdâx `dswìe `dờ `mezbgec~ z~mea

nsúe nâe rsỒ` zẽ% Ęẽe agửb edửea eĀk 18& `dswìe `dờ `mezbgec~ `dswỀe pbea kỗz

zdớ g oỰ kởg kè Ēằ` ĒgỀk fè eaèw `èea dmèe zdgềe yỂ oỷ zdsẫz& zồ `dủ` rsẠe fû yè

ĒẢz oẽz rsẠ oged zẽ `bm%

Agbg ĒmẢ e : $zữ eĀk 2742 Ēẽ e ebw'

Ęîw ĒƠỠ` `mg fè agbg ĒmẢe dmèe zdgềe yè xdâz z~gỀe zdcm `dgỂs pîs `ỡb dề

zdỒea yẫe zẠg `mezbgec~ yở g pừ jợea `mezbgec~ fmẢg fở e ờ dạs dẽz `â` `Ạea ngỀe z~ìe

zdẽ agở g% Zès `dswìe jợea `dờ `mezbgec~ zdẽ dề zdủ zƠ yở g pủ` `dờ 9888 ZCS Ēà

ĒƠỠ ̀ yèm odbg zdâ`% DƢe zdẽ eửb `â` `ạe `ầs dgềe ĒẢg xdợ` yợ `dm ygề` tẽx jỢ

`mezbgec~ `Ợ fở e yở g zạk jèg dƢe :8k oỀ zữ kçx `ạs zès yè pủ` eîea fìe zở g 18 zảe

Ēà ~b Ēớ g% Kỗz ts dƠở ea kởg z~mea agbg ĒmẢe eèw fè zữ edửea eĀk `sỒg `ỡb zdẽ oự

TT& `â` `úea zw `mezbgec~ fở e z~ìe zdẽ agởg Ēà fgìe kged yở g edbs& zdgẽz fẫx rsbe dề

dỠ x zâ` fîs jèg dbw pâx edẫx ĒỀ zĀea odẠ eĀea `Ảed z~bed%

Rsb : agbg ĒmẢe xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb `mezbgec~ `ð zdỀ edẫe zdảw ~Ẳea z~mea edửea

eĀk Ēạs `ỡb zdẽ oự TT& `mezbgec~ ĒƠỠ ̀ tsảz dgềe yè xdâz z~gỀe ờ `dîs Kỷ edƠea

Ēẽe edửea zdẫx egìe `sỒg `ỡb zdẽ oự& `dîs Îs fẢg jạe yƠỠ z rsb Kỷ yỂ pỒ fƠỠ ea

`mezbgec~ fsîe `dswỀe rsb `â` y÷ea `Ạea ngỀe% Ęẽe edửea eĀk Ēạs `ỡb zdẽ oự TTG&pỲ xdâz z~gỀe yẫe `dswỀe `mezbgec~ fẢg `ð ts dƠở ea `dswỀe jỏ`d pbea `dîs Â% Zdcm

pỒ fgềs zdỒea oì `ỡb SE@ZBJ ‐ >884 zdæ dbg xdạe nb z~mea zồea pỒ >8 `Ạea

`mezbgec~ fở e edảz zdẽ agở g eẲk ờ `dîs Â% ĘgỂs eèw `dủea zọ `dîs Â Ēbea yè pẻ z~ờ

zdèed `dîs fợ` xdâz z~gỀe oged zẽ kẢed kẻ& Ēằ` ngềz fè xdâz z~gỀe yẫe zẠg ngỀe kè

z~ịea zîk fè `dswìe `dờ dbea dðb nẲea `mezbgec~ z~mea Ēð `ð Ygềz Ebk%



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22

GG% Odâg rsâz `dsea yỂ zdỲ ̀ z~Ảea yẫe `dswỀe dèea dðb nẲea `mezbgec~ ĒƠớ ea

ngỀe `ỡb Ygềz Ebk agbg ĒmẢe >883+>828%

2% D ề zdỒ ea `Ạ ea ngỀ e Ygề z Ebk%

Ygềz Ebk dgềe `ð odmẠea 288 `Ạea ngẽe fở e edọ z~Ạg jèg zdcm jị` nớ ngỀe zữ

Nậ` yèm Ebk% Ęỏed dƠở ea xdâz z~gỀe `Ạea ngỀe Ygềz Ebk z~mea edửea eĀk zở g fè<

`Ạg zẢm& eîea `ảx& dgềe ĒẢg dðb `â` `Ạea dgềe `ð% Zẫx z~sea tîw jỲea kỗz pỒ `Ạea

eƠở ̀ pîs zẢg y÷ea oged zẽ z~ịea ĒgỀk…edẲk Ēâx ủea eds `ạs xdâz z~gỀe& yẫe

`dswỀe dèea dðb nẲea ĒƠớ ea ngỀe& zẢm ĒgỂs ogềe dỗg edẫx yè Ēỡ pủ` `Ảed z~bed yở g

`â` `Ạea z~mea ods yỲ` yè z~ìe zdẽ agở g%

Dề zdỒea `Ạea ngỀe Ygềz Ebk ĒƠỠ ̀ rsw dmẢ`d edƠ pbs<

+ @ợk `Ạea xdëb Nậ` $zữ RsẠea Eged Ēẽe Eged Næed'< `ợk `Ạea xdëb Nậ` nbm

aỐk `â` `Ạea< @ầk XdẠ& @ừb Úea& Dþe Abg& @âg Fîe $RsẠea Eged'? DẠg Xdþea&

Ęæed Yŧ& FẢ`d Dswềe&…$DẠg Xdþea'? Jgềk ĘgỂe $Zdâg æed'… @Ạea DẠg Xdþea fè

`Ạea fở e edảz kgỂe Nậ`& `ð `dgỂs jèg `ạs `Ạea >391k& jgềe zë`d odm nàg 3>%83>k>&

dèea eĀk `ð zdỀ tẽx jỢ dƢe 28 z~gềs zảe dèea dðb%

+ @ợk `Ạea kgỂe Z~sea $zữ Zdbed Dðb Ēẽe Næed Zdsẫe'< @ợk `Ạea kgỂe

Z~sea nbm aỐk `â` `Ạea edƠ< Eadg PƢe $Zdbed Dðb'? @ừb Fþ& Nẽe Zdỡw $Eadề

Be'? Tsîe DẠg $Dè Zħed'? Púea Agbed $RsẠea Næed'? @dîe Kîw& Zdsẫe Be $Zdữb

Zdgìe Dsẽ'? Zgìe Pb& Púea Dèe $Ęè Eẳea'? Pb OỰ $RsẠea Eaàg'? Edb Z~bea& Nb

Eaþg& Dþe Odðg $Odâed Dþb'? Rsw EdƢe& Zdỏ EẢg $æed Ęỏed'&…% @â` `Ạea rsẢe

z~ịea ờ `ợk `Ạea eèw fè< @ừb Fþ& Yŧea Âea& @dîe Kîw& Ęè Eẳea& Jsea Rsảz&

Rsw EdƢe& Yîe Xdmea& Edb Z~bea% + @ợk `Ạea kgỂe Ebk $zữ ĘỐea Ebg Ēẽe `Ỳ` Ebk'< `ợk `Ạea kgỂe Ebk `ð

zdỀ `dgb zdèed dbg edðk edƠ pbs<

m Edðk `Ạea ods yỲ` zdèed xdỒ DỐ @dë Kged%

Edðk `Ạea eèw dgềe `ð >4 `Ạea Ēbea ĒƠỠ ̀ odbg zdâ` zdsỗ` 23 ĒƢe yỏ `dỡ

rsẠe& z~mea Ēð `ð : `Ạea fở e edảz fè `Ạea Pèg Aþe $Zồea `úea zw Dèea dẠg Ygềz

Ebk'& Zîe @Ạea $zdsỗ` Rsîe Ęỗg'? Nẽe Eadç $zdèed xdỒ DỐ @dë Kged'? `Ạea



2>

2>

YG@Z $fgìe jmbed'% Eamèg ~b `þe `ð `â` `Ạea edƠ< `Ạea CFI Abp Pèg Aþe& `Ạea

^bs rsẠ& `Ạea Núea Pce& `Ạea @âz Fâg&… $Zdèed xdỒ DỐ @dë Kged'? `Ạea ĘỐea

Ebg& `Ạea Aþ Jạs B+N& `Ạea Fmea Zdèed…$ĘỐea Ebg'%

m Edðk `Ạea Yŧea Zès+Zdỏ YẠg%

Edðk eèw nbm aỐk `â` `Ạea edƠ< `Ạea jỏ`d yợ jạs odë& `Ạea

Ygczpmxcz~m&…zẢg ods yỲ` eèw `Ạea rsỒ` zẽ @âg Kçx+Zdỏ YẠg fè `Ạea z~sea `dswỀe

fởe Ēà ĒƠỠ ̀ tîw jỲea yè ĒƠb yèm odbg zdâ`% ẽe `mezbgec~ `ỡb `Ạea `ð zdỀ zgẽx eẫe

38%888ZCS%

+ @ợk `Ạea ĒỐea nẲea púea @ừs Fmea

@ợk `Ạea zdsỗ` ĒỐea nẲea púea @ừs Fmea nbm aỐk `â` `Ạea edƠ< `Ạea @ạe

ZdƢ& Kỷ Zdm& ĘỐea Zdâx& Dþe @dúea& @âg @sg& Yħed Zdâg& EĀk @Āe… ổ `ợk

`Ạea eèw& `èea @ạe ZdƢ Ēðea ybg z~þ rsbe z~ịea dƢe `Ạ% @Ạea @ạe ZdƢ eẲk z~ìe

púea Dẫs `ð y÷ea eƠở` z~Ơở ̀ `Ạea ~ỗea yè pîs& dgềe Ēbea ĒƠỠ` Ēạs zƠ xdâz z~gỀe%

Dgềe zẢg& `ợk `Ạea ngỀe Ygềz Ebk odbg zdâ` `dƠb dẽz `úea psảz& eĀea psảz

tẽx jỢ `þe dẢe `dẽ& rsẠe fû xdîe zâe… Yæ yẫw& dgềs rsẠ dmẢz Ēỗea `dƠb `bm% Z~mea

zdớ g agbe zởg ĒỀ `Ạea ngỀe zdỲ` dgềe Ēüea `dủ` eĀea& Ēâx ủea eds `ạs `ỡb yẫe zẠg

ngỀe `ạe tck tçz fẢg rsw dmẢ`d xdâz z~gỀe& zẫx z~sea Ēạs zƠ xdâz z~gỀe yè xdƠƢea

zdủ` rsẠe fû…edẲk eîea `bm dgềs rsẠ `ỡb dmẢz Ēỗea `Ạea ngỀe ờ Ygềz Ebk%

>% D ề zdỒ ea zès ngỀ e Ygề z Ebk%

ổ Ygềz Ebk& xdâz z~gỀe Ēỗg zès ngỀe zdcm dƠở ea dgềe ĒẢg dðb& Ēb jẢea dðb yè

z~ế dðb fè kỗz z~mea edửea eỗg jsea rsbe z~ịea `ỡb rsw dmẢ`d zồea zdỀ xdâz z~gỀe

agbm zdúea yẫe zẠg ngỀe%

Zdcm rsw dmẢ`d xdâz z~gỀe yẫe zẠg ngỀe Ygềz Ebk Ēẽe eĀk >828& Ēỏed dƠở ea

Ēẽe >8>8? `ạe xdâz z~gỀe Ēỗg zès ngỀe rsỒ` agb Ēẽe eĀk >828 `ð zồea z~ịea zẠg ĒẢz

:%::3%888QZ yè Ēỏed dƠởea Ēẽe eĀk >8>8 fè 1%288%888QZ& zữea nƠở ̀ z~ế dðb

Ēỗg zès Ēẽe eĀk >828& ĒẢz Ēỗ zsồg næed rsîe fè 29 zsồg yè Ēỏed dƠởea Ēẽe eĀk >8>8

fè 2: zsồg& `dü z~ịea xdâz z~gỀe Ēỗg zès `dswìe jợea& Ēằ` ngềz fè zès `mezbgec~ yè Ēỗg

zès jạs% Eîea `bm `dảz fƠỠ ea jỏ`d yợ yẫe zẠg ngỀe zự fề ĒẠk edẫe yẫe `dswỀe dèea



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20

dðb tsảz edẫx odầs eĀk >828 fè >3#& Ēỏed dƠởea Ēẽe eĀk >8>8 fè 03# yè ĒẠk

edẫe yẫe `dswỀe 28# dèea dðb eỗg Ēỏb% Nồ psea z~ịea zẠg `dm Ēỗg zès dèea eĀk Ēẽe

eĀk >828 fè 0%>02%009QZ& z~mea Ēð Ēỗg zès dèea odú nồ pợea zdìk

2%9:1%930JQZ& zès `mezbgec~ nồ psea zdìk :17%>09QZ& $zƠƢea ĒƠƢea 09%21>

ZCS' yè Ēỗg zès jạs `ạe ĒƠỠ ̀ nồ psea zdìk 2%220%::1JQZ%

Ęỗg zès Ygềz Ebk pẻ zdbk agb yẫe `dswỀe dèea dðb zởg `â` eƠở ̀ zdsỗ` ods

yỲ` `dîs Â yƢë `â` zès `Ợ 23888+>8888QZ $ĒỒg yở g dèea ~ớ g'& zès `Ợ 28888+

23888QZ$ĒỒg yở g dèea nâ`d dmâ'& zès `Ợ 2888+0888ZCS $ĒỒg yở g dèea `mezbgec~'%

Ęẽe ods yỲ` Nậ` Kỷ& @dîs Îs& @dîs Xdg yở g `â` fmẢg zès `Ợ fởe dƢe& `ợ zdỀ zès

dèea ~ớ g `Ợ 08888 Ēẽe 38888JQZ& zès dèea nâ`d dðb `Ợ >8888+08888JQZ yè zès`mezbgec~ `Ợ :888+3888ZCS% Zès `dờ jạs zdú `Ợ zữ 288888+>88888JQZ& zès `dờ

jạs zdèed xdầk `ð `Ợ zữ >8888 Ēẽe :8888 JQZ% Zès `dờ dèea eỗg Ēỏb `ŧea `ð `Ợ

zữ 2888+28888JQZ yè zữ 288+2888ZCS ĒỒg yở g zès `mezbgec~%

Rsw dmẢ`d Ēằz ~b kợ` zgìs edƠ z~ìe& pmea zdỲ` zẽ zëed Ēẽe eĀk >884& Ēỗg zès

ngỀe Ygềz Ebk Ēà ĒẢz zồea z~ịea zẠg fè 3%317%3>:QZ& yƠỠ z kợ` zgìs ĒỂ ~b z~mea

rsw dmẢ`d >3&3#% ĘỀ ĒẠk nẠm Ēỗg zès rsỒ` agb xdâz z~gỀe zƠƢea tủea yở g zgỂk eĀea`ỡb Ēảz eƠở ̀ & xdợ` yợ& Ēâx ủea eds `ạs `ỡb zdỏ z~Ơớ ea& rsw dmẢ`d xdâz z~gỀe yẫe zẠg

ngỀe Ygềz Ebk Ēà ĒƠỠ` ĒgỂs `dệed zdcm dƠở ea oçm jèg zạk edæe yè kờ ~ỗea kợ`

zgìs xdâz z~gỀe% jỲ zdẠm rsw dmẢ`d kở g xdâz z~gỀe Ēỗg zès ngỀe Ygềz Ebk zdcm dƠở ea

dgềe ĒẢg dðb& `dü z~ịea xdâz z~gỀe `â` fmẢg zès `dswìe jợea $zès `mezbgec~& zès dèea

~ớ g& zès jạs…' yè zès z~ịea zẠg fởe% Ęẽe eĀk >828 zồea z~ịea zẠg Ēỗg zès ngỀe rsỒ`

agb `ð zdỀ ĒẢz 9+9&3 z~gềs QZ& eĀk >823 ĒẢz 4&3+7&3 z~gềs JQZ% Zữea nƠở ̀ z~ế

dðb Ēỗg zès ĒỀ ĒẠk nẠm zsồg næed rsîe `ỡb Ēỗg zès `ð zdỀ ĒẢz 2> zsồg yèm eĀk >8>8%

EdƠ yẫw& Ēỗg zès ngỀe Ygềz Ebk Ēà ĒƠỠ` ĒƠb yèm rsw dmẢ`d xdâz z~gỀe yở g

zạk edæe kở g zởg eĀk >8>8 yè Ēỏed dƠởea Ēẽe eĀk >808 edẲk ĒẠk nẠm Ēạs zƠ xdâz

z~gỀe Ēỗg zès Ēüea dƠở ea& z~üea fmẢg& ĒẠk nẠm zĀea `Ơớ ea pủ` `Ảed z~bed yè dgềs

rsẠ oged jmbed odbg zdâ` `dm Ēỗg zès Ygềz Ebk%



2:

2:

@DƮƨEA GG< ZDỸ @ Z^ẨEA YẦE ZẮG DÈEA DÐB NẸEA @MEZBGEC^

RSB @ẮEA @D×B YẶ& DẮG XDÞEA%

G% Agở g zdgềs `dsea yỂ `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ

2% Odâg rsâz @ Ạ ea D Ạg Xdþea%

Zìe agbm jỏ`d< @Ạea DẠg Xdþea

Zìe zgẽea Bed< XM^Z MI DBG XDMEA

FmẢg dæed jmbed eadgềx< `úea zw ZEDD kỗz zdèed ygìe

Ęỏb `dệ fgìe dề< 4B Z~ạe Xdü+ DẠg Xdþea

Ęgềe zdmẢg< 4:%802%0437:39+04374>:+0437730+04377:3

Ibt< 4:%802%04097:0

Ckbgf< dbgxdmeaxm~zHde%yee%ye& gz+dbgxdmeaxm~zHde%yee%ye

Qcnpgzc< qqq%dbgxdmeaxm~z%`mk%ye

Nbe fàed ĒẢm<

+ Zồea agâk ĒỒ`< D÷ea RsỒ` Ygềz%

+ Xdð Zồea agâk ĒỒ`< N÷g @dgẽe Zdậea& @bm Ęủ` YĀe& Z~ƠƢea YĀe Zdâg& @bm

Z~sea Eambe& Xd÷ea Tsîe Dè%

@â` të eadgềx zdèed xdạe< Të eadgềx tẽx jỢ Dmèea Jgềs& Të eadgềx tẽx jỢ @d÷b

Yẻ& Të eadgềx tẽx jỢ yè yẫe zẠg NẢ`d ĘẲea& Të eadgềx tẽx jỢ Zîe @Ạea%

@â` jỏ`d yợ `dëed `ỡb @Ạea<

+ NỒ` tẽx& agbm edẫe& fƠs z~ử dèea dmâ%

+ Fbg jậz&dố z~Ỡ zès ngỀe%

+ Z~sea `dswỀe dèea dmâ& `mezbgec~ rsỒ` zẽ%

+ Jỏ`d yợ ĒẢg fû yẫe zẠg%

+ Jỏ`d yợ fmagpzg` `mezbgec~ `dswìe zswẽe DẠg Xdþea+ Fèm @bg nẲea ĒƠớ ea pậz%



23

23

+ Jỏ`d yợ Ēðea aðg& yẫe zẠg dèea dẠg ĒƠớ ea nỗ& ĒƠớ ea púea

+ ĘẢg fû zès ngỀe yè kúg agở g dèea dẠg%

@â` jỏ`d yợ dố z~Ỡ <

+ @dswỀe zẠg zẢg `â` y÷ea eƠở ̀ DẢ Fmea& Fbe DẢ& NẢ`d ĘẲea& FẢ`d Dswềe%

+ Ęðea nbm `â` fmẢg dèea ~ớ g%

+ Dố z~Ỡ `â` fmẢg zès `ẫx @Ạea%

+ Yẫe zẠg nậea ĒƠớ ea pậz& ĒƠớ ea nỗ yè zdỡw eỗg Ēỏb%



29

29

2%2% Y ỏ z~ë Ēỏ b fû%



21

21

Zịb Ēỗ `ỡb `â` `Ạea z~mea dề zdỒea @Ạea DẠg Xdþea<

Të eadgềx tẽx jỢ Dmèea gềs >8¸3>‗E + 289¸:2‗C

Të eadgềx tẽx jỢ @d÷b Yẻ >8¸3>‗E + 289¸:0‗C

Të eadgềx tẽx jỢ Zîe @Ạea >8¸38‗>3&1. E + 289¸:9‗29&4C

ẽe eồg Ả`d ĘẲea >8¸32‗E + 289¸:3‗C

Yỏed Fbe DẢ >8¸:9‗E + 281¸29‗C

Y÷ea ecm DẢ Fmea >8¸39‗E + 281¸80‗C Z~Ảk dmb zgìs >8¸:8‗E + 289¸32‗C

Agởg dẢe `dgỂs jèg zès >88k



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24

Ạea 2< OdmẠea `â`d zữ @Ạea DẠg Xdþea Ēẽe kỗz pỒ `Ạea ngỀe

@ẮEA DẮG FÛ @ẮEA DẮG FÛ

Ęè Eẳea 0>8 Ofbea 2%3>4

Pèg Aþe 177 Xcebea 2%108

\dbea \gbea >88 Nspbe 2%1:7

Dmeaomea 388 Yfbjgympzmo >%22:

Kbegfb 443 Omnc >%2:2

ObmPdgsea 7:8 Zmowm >%0:7

Nbeaomo 2%078 Pwjecw 3%398

Pgeabxm~c 2%::> ^mtzc`jbk 7%118

2%>% Fỏ `d pừ z~swỂ e zdỒ ea<

Eaèw 23-0-241:& z~gỂs Ēæed Dsẽ oû ‖ Dgềx Ơở ̀ dmè næed yỂ fgìe kged‛& z~mea

Ēð edè Easwểe jîea `dm Xdâx zmèe nỗ Ēảz DẠg Xdþea yè rswỂe ogỀk pmâz nẽe Eged

DẠg $ zủ` ods yỲ` @Ạea DẠg Xdþea eaèw ebw '% Zữ Ēảw zdỲ` jîe Xdâx nảz zbw yèm

tîw jỲea @Ạea edẲk ngẽe nẽe zdswỂe fèea @ảk zdèed kỗz rsîe `Ạea yè zdƠƢea

`Ạea fở e& xdợ` yợ û Ēþ tîk fƠỠ ̀ `ỡb `düea% EĀk 2419& @Ạea nậz Ēạs dæed zdèed yè

ĒƠb yèm pừ jợea% @úea z~æed Ēạs zgìe `ð rsw kú fở e fè dề zdỒea edè odm nbm aỐk 9

odm& eìe ĒƠỠ ̀ aịg fè Nẽe 9 odm% EĀk 2707& @Ạea DẠg Xdþea $ aỐk @Ạea `dëed yè >@Ạea xdợ ' ĒƠỠ ̀ tîw jỲea tmea `Ƣ nẠe% EĀk 2733& DẠg Xdþea agẠg xdðea& eaƠớ g

`úea edîe @Ạea zdỲ` pỲ fèk `dỡ nẽe `Ạea `ỡb kæed% Eaèw >8-3-2733& dmb zgìs

@Ạea jắe dbg zès rsỒ` zỏ`d Xdâx `ẫx nẽe be zmèe& Ēâed jảs nƠở` z~Ơờea zdèed yƠỠ z

nẫ`& @Ạea DẠg Xdþea ĒƠỠ ̀ odẰea Ēỏed fè zdƠƢea `Ạea fở e edảz eƠở ̀ %

Agbg ĒmẢe 2793+2713 yở g yỏ z~ë fè ‖ `ừb eaó `ỡb `Ạ eƠở`‛& @Ạea DẠg Xdþea

Ēà yƠỠz rsb odð odĀe zdừ zdâ`d& `÷ea zdèed xdỒ yè eaèed ĒƠớ ea ngỀe `dgẽe zdậea



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27

dbg `sỗ` `dgẽe z~bed nbm yîw ĒƠớ ea ngỀe& xdmea zmẠ @Ạea& agử yửea edgềk yợ `dgẽe

fƠỠ ̀ zgẽx edẫe dèea edẫx odầs& ygềe z~Ỡ eƠở ̀ eamèg nẲea ĒƠớ ea ngỀe% Ygề` tîw

jỲea `Ạg zẢm @Ạea DẠg Xdþea ĒƠỠ ̀ z~gỀe odbg zữ edửea eĀk `dỒea `dgẽe z~bed xdâ

dmẢg yè zdü` Ēầw odầe z~ƠƢea dƢe pbs odg Ēảz eƠở ̀ zdỒea edảz$2713'% OdỒg Ęúea

Îs zbe ~à yèm edửea eĀk Ēạs zdẫx egìe 78$ zdẽ oự >8'& @Ạea DẠg Xdþea kảz Ēg zdỏ

z~Ơớ ea z~swỂe zdỒea& fƠỠ ea zès dèea `ỡb Fgìe Tú `dgẽk 9:#$2747' agẠk tsỒea

`þe 28&0#$2770'%

@Ạea DẠg Xdþea nƠở` yèm agbg ĒmẢe kở g yở g edửea odð odĀe `dỐea `dảz%

ĘƠỠ` Ēạs zƠ Ēüea dƠở ea yè oỏx zdớg& dƢe 28 eĀk rsb fè zdớ g oỰ zĀea z~Ơờ ea yè xdâz

z~gỀe `ỡb @Ạea DẠg Xdþea% Dgềe ebw& @Ạea DẠg Xdþea `ð fƠs fƠỠ ea dèea dmâ fở eedảz kgỂe Nậ`& `ð dề zdỒea zdgẽz nỏ dgềe ĒẢg xd÷ dỠ x yởg `â` xdƠƢea zdủ` yẫe zẠg&

zdƠƢea kẢg rsỒ` zẽ% @Ạea DẠg Xdþea fè jmbed eadgềx Ēạs zgìe `ỡb eaèed Dèea dẠg

Ygềz Ebk zdỲ` dgềe `ồ xdạe dmâ `Ạea ngỀe%

>% Odâg rsâz `dsea yỂ `Ạ ea @d÷b Y ẻ %

Zìe jmbed eadgềx< `dg edâed `úea zw ZEDD kỗz zdèed ygìe `Ạea DẠg Xdþea+të

eadgềx tẽx jỢ @d÷b Yẻ%

Ęỏb `dệ< pỒ 3 ĒƠớ ea @d÷b Yẻ& xdớea Ęúea DẠg 2& rsẫe DẠg Be& zdèed xdỒ DẠg

Xdþea%

Ęgềe zdmẢg< $4:+02'%019314:% Ibt< $4:+02'%019314:%

C+kbgf< `dsbyc+dbgxdmeaxm~zHde%yee%ye& mxp%`y+`dxHyee%ye%

Qcnpgzc< qqq%dbgxdmeaxm~z%`mk%ye%

Dæed zdủ ̀ pờ dử s yỒe< pờ dửs Edè eƠở ̀ %

Eaèed eadỂ oged jmbed< nỒ` tẽx dèea dmâ& nẠm rsẠe yè agbm edẫe dèea dmâ& yẫe

dèea dmâ nẲea `â` fmẢg xdƢea zgềe& oged jmbed odm nàg& `dswỀe zẠg dèea dmâ& `sea

ủea jỏ`d yợ dèea dẠg& oged jmbed tsảz edẫx odầs%

Agâk ĒỒ`< Yŧ Ebk Zdậea



>8

>8

DmẢz Ēỗea zdcm sự rswỂe `ỡb jmbed eadgềx< `úea zw ZEDD kỗz zdèed ygìe `Ạea

DẠg Xdþea%

>%2% Y ỏ z~ë Ēỏ b fû%

EẲk z~mea xdẢk yg dửs eaẢe púea @ảk& `â`d z~sea zîk zdèed xdỒ :ok yỂ xdëb Ęúea yè `â`d xdbm pỒ ‖8‛ odmẠea >8 dẠg fû& zès yèm `Ạea xdẠg rsb fsỐea Ebk

Z~gềs yè oìed Ęèm Ęæed Yŧ% @Ạea @d÷b Yẻ fè ĒgỀk z~sea `dswỀe dbea dmâ `dm `â`

zệed xdëb Ebk Z~sea RsỒ` yè Nậ` Fèm%

>%>% Fỏ `d pừ dæed zdèed yè xdâz z~gỀ e%

Të eadgềx tẽx jỢ @d÷b Yẻ fè të eadgềx zdèed ygìe `ỡb @Ạea DẠg Xdþea ĒƠỠ ̀

zdèed fẫx zữ eĀk 2711 yở g edgềk yợ nbe Ēạs fè zồ `dủ` tẽx jỢ dèea dmâ zồea dỠ x%Të eadgềx tẽx jỢ @d÷b Yẻ fè kỗz z~mea edửea Të eadgềx zdèed ygìe `ỡb

@Ạea DẠg Xdþea% Zữ zdâea 3-2711& të eadgềx tẽx jỢ @d÷b yẻ ĒƠỠ ̀ zdèed fẫx& `Ƣ pờ

nbe Ēạs `dệ fè kỗz nàg nỐg xd÷ pb yè `ạs zès jèg 0:3k yở g kợ` Ēë`d `dỡ wẽs fè ĒỀ

zgẽx edẫe dèea ygềe z~Ỡ `ỡb `â` eƠở ̀ Tà dỗg @dỡ eadħb % Edẫe zdảw Ēîw fè ods yỲ`

Ēạw zgỂk eĀea& fẢg aạe ngỀe eìe fàed ĒẢm @Ạea& nỗ agbm zdúea yẫe zẠg yè zdèed xdỒ

DẠg Xdþea Ēà Ēạs zƠ xdâz z~gỀe edƠ eaèw ebw% Zữ eĀk 2743& zès `mezbgec~ Ēạs zgìe



>2

>2

ĒƠỠ` ĒƠb yèm Ēîw ĒỀ odbg zdâ` nèm aỐk `â` fmẢg `mezbgec~ zữ 3 iccz& 28 iccz& >8 iccz

yè :8 iccz%%

EĀk 2778& @Ạea DẠg Xdþea `dm fậx > Ēẽ @mejm~ `ỡb @ỗea dþb fgìe nbeaĘủ` yở g pủ` eîea :8 zảe-`dgẽ`& zữ zdớg ĒgỀk eèw kờ ~b 2 dƠở ea xdâz z~gỀe kở g fè

`Ạea `mezbgec~ `dswìe jợea edƠ eaèw ebw% EĀk 277:& jm wìs `ạs xdâz z~gỀe pẠe

tsảz& @Ạea DẠg Xdþea zâ`d ~b fèk > të eadgềx& Të eadgềx tẽx jỢ @d÷b Yẻ Ēồg zìe fè

@Ạea ĘmẢe tâ yè ĒƠỠ ̀ `ồ xdạe dmâ yèm eĀk 2774 ĒƠỠ ̀ aịg fè @úea zw @ồ xdạe

@Ạea ĘmẢe Tâ yở g 32# yỒe `ỡb @Ạea DẠg Xdþea% àg ĘmẢe Tâ ĒƠỠ` Ēồg zìe fè Të

eadgềx tẽx jỢ @d÷b Yẻ& yở g edgềk yợ nbe Ēạs fè tẽx jỢ dèea zồea dỠx% ĘƠỠ ̀ pỲ

rsbe zîk `ỡb Nỗ agbm zdúea yẫe zẠg& `ợ` Dèea DẠg Ygềz Ebk& zdèed xdỒ DẠg Xdþeayè @Ạea DẠg Xdþea& të eadgềx tẽx jỢ @d÷b Yẻ ĒƠỠ ̀ tîw jỲea yè kờ ~ỗea ĒỀ zgẽx

edẫe pẠe fƠỠea `mezbgec~ zĀea z~Ơờea fèk > agbg ĒmẢe nẲea easỐe yỒe MJB `ỡb

@dëed xdỡ Edẫz NẠe%

/ Agbg ĒmẢe 2< zữ eĀk 2779 ‐ >888& tîw jỲea kở g 2 `ạs zès 238k& `Ạg zẢm

zmèe nỗ jgềe zë`d nàg `ŧ yè fèk kở g :8%888k> nàg `dswìe jợea ĒỀ tẽx `mezbgec~

zdcm zgìs `dsầe rsỒ` zẽ yè > R@% Tîw jỲea 0%>88k

>

odm @IP ĒỀ odbg zdâ` dèea`dsea `dỡ yè amk dèea `ỡb edgỂs `dỡ ĒỀ Ēðea yèm `mezbgec~ tsảz odầs%Zmèe nỗ jỲ

âe z~ìe `ð zồea pỒ yỒe Ēạs zƠ fìe Ēẽe :8 z~gềs SPJ%

/ Agbg ĒmẢe >< zữ eĀk >882 ‐ >889& tîw kở g zdìk > `ạs zès 038k& 98%888k>

nàg& Ēạs zƠ xdƠƢea zgềe `dswìe jợea fèk `mezbgec~< : R@ $Rsbw pgjc @~bec'& 2>

^ZA $ ^snnc~ Z~bepic~ Abez~w `~bec'& Ēðea kở g : zès fbg jậz& dề zdỒea `úea eadề

zdúea zge xdợ` yợ `dm ygề` tẽx jỢ yè rsẠe fû `mezbgec~ z~ìe nàg yè `Ạg zẢm fsỐea zès

yèm @Ạea yở g zồea pỒ yỒe 48 z~gềs SPJ%

Eaèed eadỂ oged jmbed jỏ`d yợ zdcm agảw `dủea edẫe ĒĀea oû dmẢz Ēỗea `dg

edâed pỒ 8>2:882041& jm Pờ Oẽ dmẢ`d yè Ęạs zƠ zdèed xdỒ DẠg Xdþea `ảx eaèw

>7-1->884%



>>

>>

GG% DmẢz Ēỗea yẫe zẠg `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& DẠg Xdþea agbg ĒmẢe >883+

>828%

2% ĘgỂs ogề e zỲ edgìe `ỡ b `Ạ ea @d÷b Y ẻ %EẲk z~mea dề zdỒea `Ạea DẠg Xdþea& `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ kbea `â` Ēằ` z~Ơea `Ƣ

nẠe yỂ ĒgỂs ogềe zỲ edgìe agỒea edƠ `Ạea DẠg Xdþea& `Ạ yỂ ĒgỂs ogềe odë dẫs& ĒgỂs

ogềe Ēỏb `dảz yè ĒgỂs ogềe zdỡw yĀe% Edửea Ēằ` ĒgỀk eèw `ð Ạed dƠờ ea rsbe z~ịea

Ēẽe dmẢz Ēỗea `ŧea edƠ Ēỏed dƠở ea xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ%

Ęằ` ĒgỀk odë dẫs<

@Ạea @d÷b Yẻ `dỏs Ạed dƠờ ea `ỡb odë dẫs edgềz Ēở g agð k÷b& pỒ eaèw `ðkƠb z~sea næed z~mea eĀk odmẠea 08 eaèw yè fƠỠea kƠb z~sea næed dèea eĀk

odmẠea 2488 kf% Edửea eaèw z~ớg kƠb `Ạea eaữea tẽx jỢ & zdớ g agbe eaữea `dgẽk

zữ >4 Ēẽe 08 eaèw z~mea eĀk% @dẽ Ēỗ agð `dgb fèk dbg k÷b ~ó ~ềz< Zữ zdâea 28 Ēẽe

zdâea 0 eĀk pbs fè agð ậ`+Ęúea ậ`& zữ zdâea : Ēẽe zdâea 7 fè agð Ebk+Ęúea

Ebk% Odg `ð agð `ảx 9 z~ờ fìe `Ạea `ð odẠ eĀea xdẠg eaữea `úea zâ` tẽx jỢ %Zữ

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Ęỗ ầk `ỡb `Ạea zƠƢea ĒỒg `bm& næed rsîe zữ 18# ‐ 48#& Ạed dƠờea Ēẽe `úea zâ`

nẠm rsẠe dèea dmâ& jể aîw dgềe zƠỠea Ēồ kỐ dúg dbw eðea `dẠw yæ yẫw xdẠg zdƠớ ea

tswìe zdcm jóg ĒỀ `ð ngềe xdâx oỏx zdớ g yè dửs dgềs ĒỀ z~âed zồe zdảz% @Ạea zdƠớ ea

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dƠờea Ēẽe ygề` `úea zâ`& tẽx jỢ dèea dmâ `ỡb `Ạea fèk z~ể agớ ~b yèm zès& zữ Ēð Ạed

dƠờea Ēẽe ygề` odbg zdâ` `ỡb `Ạea% Eamèg ~b `Ạea `þe `dỏs Ạed dƠờ ea `ỡb fŧ aîw ~b

jþea `dẠw fởe fèk `dm xdƠƢea âe pbe kẢe `ỡb zès aằx odð odĀe%

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>0

>0

zë`d dẢz kỏe eẲk ờ z~ìe fởx n÷e& Ēẽe fở x `âz yè z~ạk zë`d dẢz odú eẲk ờ jƠở g fở x `âz

dỗz yè `âz yữb% ĘgỂs ogềe Ēỏb `dảz `ỡb `Ạea `ð Ạed dƠờ ea fởe Ēẽe ygề` tîw jỲea

`Ạea yè zdgẽz oẽ `â` `úea z~æed Ēằz zẢg `Ạea `ŧea edƠ ygề` nỒ z~ë `â` fmẢg zdgẽz nỏ z~ìe

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`Ạea%

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ĘgỂs ogềe yỂ zdsự yĀe `ð Ạed dƠờea Ēẽe `úea zâ` tẽx jỢ yè ĒgỂs ogềe dmẢz

Ēỗea `ỡb zès zẢg ods eƠở` `ŧea edƠ fsỐea fẢ`d ~b yèm `Ạea `ỡb zès%

@Ạea `ð `dẽ Ēỗ edẫz z~gỂs& `dệ `ð kỗz pỒ eaèw z~mea eĀk fè `dẽ Ēỗ nâe edẫz z~gỂs%

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Ēẽe zạk yở g `ỡb `â` zdgẽz nỏ tẽx jỢ yè Ạed dƠờea Ēẽe ygề` zès nä ~b yèm `Ạea& zữ Ēð

Ạed dƠờea Ēẽe eĀea psảz tẽx jỢ dèea dmâ% Eamèg ~b wẽs zỒ yỂ jþea `dẠw `ŧea fèk

Ạed dƠờea Ēẽe ygề` ecm Ēẫs `ỡb `â` zès nä% Aîw odð odĀe `dm `úea zâ` nỒ z~ë zès yè

tẽx jỢ dèea dmâ%

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jmbed ĒẢz oẽ dmẢ`d ĒỂ ~b& `ŧea edƠ `dỏs z~â`d edgềk `dĀk fm Ēớ g pỒea `dm `â` `âe

nỗ `úea edîe ygìe zmèe të eadgềx%

+ Xdð agâk ĒỒ`< aỐk xdð agâk ĒỒ` xdợ z~â`d odm dèea& xdð agâk ĒỒ` oỷ

zdsẫz& xdð agâk ĒỒ` odbg zdâ` dèea dðb% @â` xdð agâk ĒỒ` zdbw kằz yè `dỏs z~â`d

edgềk z~Ơở` agâk ĒỒ` z~mea rswỂe dẢe ĒƠỠ ̀ z~bm%

Xdð agâk ĒỒ` xdợ z~â`d odm dèea< `ð edgềk yợ xdợ z~â`d odm dèea& Ēỗg nẠm

yề& Ēỗg `mezbgec~%

Xdð agâk ĒỒ` oỷ zdsẫz< `dỏs z~â`d edgềk yỂ `â` `úea ygề` fgìe rsbe zdsỗ`

xdẢk yg odmb dị` oỷ zdsẫz& `ŧea edƠ eậk `dậ` zæed z~Ảea odmb dị` oỷ zdsẫz `â`

xdƠƢea zgềe zdgẽz nỏ tẽx jỢ yè oẽ dmằ`d pừb `dửb `â` z~bea zdgẽz nỏ%



>3

>3

Xdð agâk ĒỒ` odbg zdâ` dèea dðb< `ð edgềk yợ xdợ z~â`d odbg zdâ` oged

jmbed& `dệ ĒẢm zồ `dủ` odbg zdâ` odỒg fƠỠ ea dèea dmâ tsảz edẫx odầs rsb `Ạea

dgềs rsẠ edảz%

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@â` nbe eadgềx yợ

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tẽx nỗ kâw ĒgỂs dèed pẠe tsảz& nỗ kâw pẠe tsảz? ĒẠk nẠm `â` `dëed pâ`d fgìe rsbe

Ēẽe rswỂe fỠg& eadħb yợ `ỡb `âe nỗ `úea edîe ygìe z~mea të eadgềx%@úea zâ` zgỂe fƠƢea< zdbk kƠs `dm agâk ĒỒ` yỂ `úea zâ` fbm Ēỗea& zëed

fƠƢea `dm `âe nỗ `úea edîe ygìe%

+ Nbe oged jmbed< zdbk kƠs `dm agâk ĒỒ` të eadgềx z~mea ygề` odbg zdâ` zdỏ z~Ơớ ea&

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tîw jỲea `â` xdƠƢea âe& Ēỏed dƠở ea `dgẽe fƠỠ ̀ z~mea pẠe tsảz oged jmbed `ỡb zmèe

të eadgềx%+ Nbe zèg `dëed oẽ zmâe< zdcm jóg yè zgẽe dèed `â` dmẢz Ēỗea zèg `dëed `ỡb të eadgềx%

+ Nbe dèed `dëed& w zẽ< `dỏs z~â`d edgềk yỂ `úea zâ` yĀe zdƠ& zồ `dủ` ksb pậk&

rsẠe fû z~bea zdgẽz nỏ yĀe xdþea& zồ `dủ` zgẽx odâ`d& dỗg dịx&%%%ĘẠk nẠm xdợ` yợ

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nỗ `úea edîe ygìe%

+ Nbe oỷ zdsẫz yẫz zƠ<

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>9

>9

`úea zâ` fgìe rsbe Ēẽe eadgìe `ủs odmb dị`& pâea ogẽe `Ạg zgẽe `ỡb `âe nỗ `úea

edîe ygìe%

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+ Ęỗg `ạe z~ợ`< rsẠe fû z~Ỳ` zgẽx& zồ `dủ` pừ jợea `ạe z~ợ` `ỡb `úea zw& ĒẠk nẠm zëedpẳe pèea dmẢz Ēỗea be zmèe& dgềs rsẠ `ỡb `ạe z~ợ`%

+ Ęỗg nỒ` tẽx< zồ `dủ` nỒ` tẽx dèea dðb Ēâx ủea wìs `ạs eĀea psảz& `dảz fƠỠ ea%

+ Ęỗg yề pged `úea eadgềx< `dỏs z~â`d edgềk yề pged ods yỲ` nàg dèea& `ạs zès& odm

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dèea dðb%

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>1

>1

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>4

>4

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>7

>7

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Ạea 7 Jbed kợ` `â` fmẢg tc Ēạs oçm yè kmð` `dswìe j÷ea%

ZZ Zìe kâwPỒ

fƠỠea

EƠở` pẠe

tsảz

ZẠg

z~ịea

$Z'

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$DX'

0 Ęạs oçm Dwsejbg 84 D% RsỒ` 3: 0>8

3 Ęạs oçm OBKB\ 3:22> 28 Eab >0 >:8

9 Ęạs oçm OBKB\ 3:223 24 Eab >0 >:8

0%0% D ề zdỒ ea odm nàg `ỡ b `Ạ ea%

Odm @IP `ð jgềe zë`d 0%088 k>& nàg `mezbgec~ `ð jgềe zë`d >8>%228 k>%



0>

0>

Nàg `mezbgec~ `ð kằz eỂe fè nì zúea ~Ạg edỲb âx fỲ` z~ìe nỂ kằz nẽe fè 4+ 29

Z-k>& nbm aỐk<

/ Ods yỲ` nàg `dëed< B $BB& BN& B@& BJ'& N $NB& NN&%%%& NC'& @ $@B& @N&%%%& @C'&I$IB& IN'& C$CB& CN& C@'%

/ Ods yỲ` `ạs zès< RB& DJ%

/ Ods yỲ` tẽx `mezbgec~ fẢed< ^B& ^N& ^@& ^J%

/ Ods yỲ` ogỀk dðb< OD%

/ Ods yỲ` odâ`< @D& B8& D^%

Eamèg ~b `þe edè `îe 48 zảe& tƠờ ea pừb `dửb `Ƣ odë yè kỗz pỒ ods yỲ` odâ`%

0%:% D ề zdỒ ea zdúea zge fgìe f Ả ` `ỡ b `Ạ ea%

Z~mea rsâ z~æed dmẢz Ēỗea `ỡb kæed& TETJ @d÷b Yẻ Ēà âx jợea edửea

`úea eadề dgềe ĒẢg z~mea rsẠe fû dmẢz Ēỗea `ỡb `Ạea& `ŧea edƠ rsẠe fû `mezbgec~

rsb `Ạea? ĒỐea zdớ g `ð kỒg fgìe oẽz `dằz `dẻ yở g dề zdỒea rsẠe fû zdúea zge `dsea

`ỡb dề zdỒea `Ạea%

Dề zdỒea zdúea zge `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ ĒƠỠ ̀ tîw jỲea `ð kỒg rsbe dề `dằz `dẻ

yở g dề zdỒea zdúea zge `ỡb `â` `Ạea odâ` `ŧea edƠ `â` të eadgềx tẽx jỢ z~mea dề

zdỒea `Ạea DẠg Xdþea& zdúea rsb dề zdỒea kẢea tƠƢea pỒea< `âx rsbea& `âx PZX&

`âx SZX& kẢea odúea jîw 3: Knxp& kẢea odúea jîw jỲ xdþea 9Knxp yè `âx ĒỐea

zdcm `úea eadề `ỡb @gp`m%

@Ạea `ŧea Ēà ủea jợea xdạe kỂk rsẠe fû nẽe `mezbgec~ @ZKP z~mea `â`

xdîe dề< xdîe dề fẫx oẽ dmẢ`d agẠg xdðea zès& xdîe dề fẫx oẽ dmẢ`d rsẠe fû nàg&

xdîe dề agbm edẫe `mezbgec~%

@ZKP ĒƠỠ` be rsẠe fû jỲ âe `Ạg zẢm eîea `ảx @Ạea DẠg Xdþea nèe agbm

`dm TET @d÷b Yẻ 4->881& eẲk z~mea aðg zdạs .Zdgẽz nỏ tẽx jỢ yè dề zdỒea rsẠe

fû nẽe `mezbgec~. zdsỗ` Ỳ âe `Ạg zẢm eîea `ảx @Ạea DẠg Xdþea agbg ĒmẢe > yởg fgìe

jbed edè zdạs GDG+ KCP $ Edẫz Ạe'% Zdcm Ēð& `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ ĒƠỠ` z~bea nỏ 8> kâw

`dỡ ĒỀ từ fû ủea jợea& từ fû jử fgềs yè fƠs z~ử jử fgềs jỲ xdþea& 87 kâw zëed `dm



00

00

z~sea zîk từ fû jử fgềs zẢg be @úea eadề zdúea zge& 80 kâw zëed ĒỀ tâ` nâm jử fgềs

zẢg `â` `ồea nẠm yề& 2> kâw zëed `ạk zbw eamèg dgềe z~Ơớea $^DZ' `dm edîe ygìe

agbm edẫe zẢg `ạs zès& >8 kâw zëed KZ z~ìe `ạe `ầs agèe yè `â` tc eîea dèea

edẲk adg edẫe zdúea zge ĒẠm `dswỀe yè `ẫx edẫx yỏ z~ë `mezbgec~ z~mea nàg& dề zdỒea

kẢea odúea jîw yởg 2> z~Ảk xdâz pðea zmèe ods yỲ` dgềe z~Ơớea `ạs zès& nàg

`mezbgec~2%

Dề zdỒea zdúea zge rsẠe fû KGP z~mea `úea zâ` ge dðb ĒƢe jỏ`d yợ& zdgẽz fẫx

`â` nẠea ngỀs nâm `âm zdỒea oì xdợ` yỏ rsẠe fû z~mea zmèe të eadgềx ĒƠỠ` edbed

`dðea& oỏx zdớg%

0%3% D ề zdỒ ea agbm zdúea xdợ ` yợ `mezbgec~ eamèg xdẢ k yg `Ạ ea%

Dề zdỒea agbm zdúea ĒƠớea nỗ<

Yẫe `dswỀe `mezbgec~ nẲea ĒƠớea nỗ dgềe Ēbea fè xdƠƢea xdâx `dswìe `dờ

`mezbgec~ `dëed zữ `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ yèm eỗg Ēỏb zdúea rsb rsỒ` fỗ 3B&% Zëed z~ìe zmèe

`Ạea DẠg Xdþea& yẫe zẠg dèea dðb ĒƠớea nỗ `dgẽk zởg 17#% RsỒ` fỗ 3B fè ĒƠớea

`ảx 2 ĒỐea nẲea& jèg 289 ok& ĒgỀk `sỒg fè `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& ĒgỀk Ēạs fè ok229 rsỒ`

fỗ 2B? ĒƠỠ` dmèe zdèed 2774% EỂe ĒƠớea zữ >9+03k& kằz ĒƠớea 24+>0k $: fèe tc'

`ð jẠg xdîe `â`d `ủea ~ỗea 2%>+2%3k% ĘƠớea z~Ạg nì zúea edỲb& ĒẠk nẠm zdúea tc

dbg k÷b% @ð 2> `ạs `dëed z~ìe ĒƠớea yƠỠz `dƠởea eaẢg eƠở` yè yƠỠz ĒƠớea nỗ&

ĒƠớea pậz fè `ạs nì zúea `ð zẠg z~ịea `dm tc D08%

Eamèg ~b& ĒƠớ ea `bm zỒ` Dè Eỗg + DẠg Xdþea $`þe aịg fè RsỒ` fỗ 3N'& kỗz

z~mea 9 zswẽe `bm zỒ` ĒƠỠ ̀ tîw jỲea zdcm rsw dmẢ`d zẢg kgỂe Nậ` Ygềz Ebk& pẻ fè

kỗz z~mea edửea zswẽe ĒƠớ ea xdợ` yợ zỒz ygề` yẫe `dswỀe dèea dðb eðg `dsea&`mezbgec~ eðg ~gìea zữ @Ạea DẠg Xdþea% RsỒ` fỗ 3N fè zswẽe ĒƠớ ea fmẢg B jèg 283&3

ok zữ Zdỡ Ēú Dè Eỗg rsb DƠea Wìe& DẠg ƠƢea zở g zdèed xdỒ `Ạea DẠg Xdþea%

Øîw fè ĒƠớea `bm zỒ` Ēạs zgìe `ỡb Ygềz Ebk tîw jỲea zdcm zgìs `dsầe rsỒ`

zẽ% ØgỀk Ēạs `ỡb zswẽe ĒƠớea eẲk z~ìe ĒƠớea yèed Ēbg 0 `ỡb Dè Eỗg& `â`d kỒ

nậ` `ạs Zdbed Z~æ 2%8>3 k& ĒgỀk `sỒg fè Ēẫx Øæed Yŧ& rsẫe DẠg Be $DẠg Xdþea'%

2 GPM-GPXP-@úea eadề zdúea zge+qqq%Dbgxdmeaxm~z%`mk%ye%

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i



http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng



http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mi%E1%BB%81n_B%E1%BA%AFc&action=edit&redlink=1





http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam






http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn



http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng






http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7u_Thanh_Tr%C3%AC



http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_An



















0:

0:

Xdạe rsb Dè Eỗg jèg 9 ok& xdạe rsb DƠea Wìe jèg >9 ok& xdạe rsb DẠg ƠƢea jèg

:8 ok& xdạe rsb DẠg Xdþea jèg 00 ok% Zmèe zswẽe `ð `dgỂs ~ỗea kằz `ậz eabea

næed rsîe 288 k& kằz ĒƠớea ~ỗea zữ 0>&3 Ēẽe 03 k yởg pâs fèe tc `dẢw zdcm zỒ` Ēỗ

zdgẽz oẽ fìe zởg 2>8 ok-agớ& dbg fèe jữea tc odầe `ảx& jẠg xdîe `â`d `ủea ờ agửb&

jẠg `îw tbed dbg nìe `÷ea yởg kỗz pỒ ĒƠớea amk ờ edửea `dố `ạe zdgẽz

Zdcm zdgẽz oẽ eèw& `â` fmẢg tc ú+zú& Ēằ` ngềz `â` tc `úea+zce+eƢ pgìs z~Ơớea&

pgìs z~ịea `ð zdỀ `dẢw zdẰea fsỐea zởg `Ạea ngỀe fởe edảz y÷ea oged zẽ z~ịea ĒgỀk

ậ` ỗ% Zồea `dg xdë agbm zdúea `ỡb `â` xdƠƢea zgềe& edảz fè dbm xdë zdớg agbe pẻ

agẠk kẢed%

Dề zdỒea agbm zdúea ĒƠớea pậz<

@Ạea @d÷b Yẻ `ð dề zdỒea agbm zdúea ĒƠớea pậz `dẢw z~Ỳ` zgẽx zữ `Ạea Ēẽe

ods `úea eadgềx Ęæed Yŧ% @dëed xdỡ yữb `ð xdì jswềz oẽ dmẢ`d tîw kởg zswẽe

ĒƠớea pậz zữ `Ạea Ēẽe edè kâw BX zdsỗ` ods `úea eadgềx Ęæed Yŧ%

@Ạea DẠg Xdþea dgềe Ēbea fè `Ạea jsw edảz zẢg Ygềz Ebk `ð dề zdỒea

`dswìe `dờ dèea dðb nẲea ĒƠớea pậz eỒg fgỂe yởg dề zdỒea ĒƠớea pậz rsỒ` agb% Dề

zdỒea ĒƠớea pậz jèg >ok `dm zmèe dề zdỒea `Ạea `dẢw zswẽe DẠg Xdþea+ Dè Eỗg+

Fèm @bg% Zsw edgìe& eĀea fỲ` yẫe `dswỀe `mezbgec~ nẲea ĒƠớea pậz `dƠb ĒƠỠ` odbg

zdâ` dgềs rsẠ& næed rsîe kốg eaèw& ab DẠg Xdþea yẫe `dswỀe ĒƠỠ` 38 ZCS- eaèw

Ēìk& Ēîw fè `me pỒ odâ odgìk zỒe pm yởg kủ` `dswìe `dờ zỒg Ēb fè 288 ZCS-eaèw

Ēìk yởg `Ƣ pờ dẢ zạea dgềe zẢg>%

Dgềe ebw& zëed `dm zmèe @Ạea DẠg Xdþea& yẫe zẠg dèea dðb nẲea ĒƠớea pậz

`dệ `dgẽk 0# fƠỠea dèea dðb%

Edæe `dsea& yẫe zẠg ĒƠớea zdỡw eỗg Ēỏb `dƠb xdâz z~gỀe yởg `mezbgec~ jm ĒgỂs

ogềe zỲ edgìe odúea xd÷ dỠx%

:% @â` j ỏ `d yợ jèed `dm `mezbgec~ `ỡ b `Ạ ea%

@â` fmẢg dæed jỏ`d yợ<

> ZĀea eĀea fỲ` yẫe zẠg `mezbgec~ nẲea ĒƠớ ea pậz pẻ agẠk zẠg `dm ĒƠớ ea nỗ& nâm ĒƠớ ea pậz%

http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V%C3%B9ng_kinh_t%E1%BA%BF_tr%E1%BB%8Dng_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m_B%E1%BA%AFc_B%E1%BB%99&action=edit&redlink=1







03

03

@â` `mezbgec~ ĒƠỠ` `sea `ảx jỏ`d yợ ờ `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ fè fmẢg `mezbgec~ >8! yè

:8!% Dgềe ebw& `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ `ð `â` jỏ`d yợ `dëed pbs<

Eîea -dẢ `mezbgec~ zữ nàg fìe `â` xdƠƢea zgềe `dỡ dèea yè eaƠỠ ̀ fẢg% Ęðea- ~üz dèea z~mea `mezbgec~ fìe `â` xdƠƢea zgềe `dỡ dèea yè eaƠỠ ̀ fẢg%

FƠs nàg `mezbgec~

@â` jỏ`d yợ odâ` edƠ xdợ` yợ agâk Ēỏed& ogỀk dmâ dèea z~mea `mezbgec~&

`mezbgec~ fẢed `ð pừ jợea Ēgềe& `îe `mezbgec~ yè dèea dðb nẲea `îe Ēgềe zừ 48 zảe%

Rsw z~æed jỏ`d yợ<

+ Ơở` 2< `dỡ dèea zởg xdþea oged jmbed `ỡb të eadgềx ĒỀ oû dỠx ĒỐea $zdbed zmâedmằ` zẢk ủea'%

+ Ơở` >< `dỡ dèea tsỒea të eadgềx ĒỀ ĒĀea oû fèk dèea% Të eadgềx fèk `â` zdỡ

zợ` yè zdỲ` dgềe zdcm dỠx ĒỐea%

+ Ơở` 0< zdbed fû dỠx ĒỐea< të eadgềx zẫx dỠx `dủea zữ `dswỀe `dm xdþea oged

jmbed ĒỀ xdþea oged jmbed xdâz dèed dðb ĒƢe jỏ`d yợ& pbs Ēð zdbed fû dỠx ĒỐea

yởg `dỡ dèea% Agâ jỏ`d yợ< pừ jợea `dgẽe fƠỠ` agâ ~ế& fảw agâ jm @Ạea DẠg Xdþea rsw Ēỏed fèk

`Āe `ủ tâ` Ēỏed kủ` agâ%

ĘỒg zƸỠea âx jợea<

+ `â` zồ `dủ`& `â edîe yẫe `dswỀe dèea dðb agửb `â` `Ạea ngỀe Ygềz Ebk nẲea `â`

xdƠƢea zgềe zdỡw odúea xdîe ngềz zès Ygềz Ebk dbw zès eƠở` eamèg%

+ Dèea dðb& `mezbgec~ tsảz edẫx odầs& `dswỀe odầs kè dỠx ĒỐea yẫe zẠg `ð rsw

Ēỏed `Ơở` tẽx jỢ dèea dðb zẢg `Ạea ngỀe Ygềz Ebk jm `dỡ dèea zdbed zmâe%

+ Dèea yẫe `dswỀe eỗg Ēỏb jm `dỡ zès yẫe zẠg eỗg Ēỏb zdbed zmâe%

Kủ` agâ< $tck `dg zgẽz zẢg xdạe xdợ fợ`'



09

09

Ạea 28 gỀs `Ơở` `â` jỏ`d yợ tẽx jỢ `mezbgec~ âx jợea zữ 2-2->82><

ĘƢe yỏ< ĒỐea-`mezbgec~

FmẢg `mezbgec~Zạs $Pè fbe'

↚ Nàg @Ạea

Zạs $Pè fbe' ↚Pè fbe& Ú zú&

Zmb tc zẢg `ạs

zạs

Zạs ↚ Pè fbezẢg y÷ea eƠở ̀

$Pừ jợea `ầs

zạs'

Nàg ↚

Ú zú

Nàg ↚ zmb tc

Zmb tc ↚ Ú zú

Zmb tc ↚ Zmb tc

@mezbgec~≪ >8‗<

+ @ð dèea :38%888 038%888 >88%888 >13%888 :88%888

+ ^ốea >:8%888 248%888 228%888 248%888 >:8%888

@mezbgec~ :8‗<

+ @ð dèea 188%888 338%888 088%888 048%888 328%888

+ ^ốea 098%888 >98%888 238%888 >:8%888 >78%888

@mezbgec~ 5:8‗<

+ @ð dèea 428%888 9>3%888 0:8%888 :28%888 308%888

+ ^ốea :28%888 023%888 248%888 >:8%888 088%888



01

01

Ạea 22< gỀs `Ơở` agâ jỏ`d yợ Ēðea- ~üz dèea z~mea `mezbgec~ $ĒƢe yỏ< ĒỐea-`mezbgec~'

FmẢg `mezbgec~

Ęðea-~üz dèea zữ

`mezbgec~ zẢg nàg @Ạeafìe Ú zú dmằ` eaƠỠ ̀ fẢg

Ęðea-~üz dèea zữ `mezbgec~

zẢg nàg `Ạea fỀe Zạs& zmb tc&

pè fbe& yèm odm nàg @Ạea

dmằ` eaƠỠ ̀ fẢg

Ęðea-~üz dèea zữ

`mezbgec~ zẢg nàg @Ạea

yèm `mezbgec~ zẢg nàg

@Ạea

@mezbgec~ ≪ >8‗<

+ Ęðea dèea 348%888 723%8882%828%888

+ ^üz dèea 9:8%888 2%828%888

@mezbgec~ :8‗<

+ Ęðea dèea 2%838%888 2%:08%8882%318%888

+ ^üz dèea 2%238%888 2%318%888

@mezbgec~ 5 :8‗<

+ Ęðea dèea 2%3>8%888 >%>98%888>%:78%888

+ ^üz dèea 2%918%888 >%:78%888

Jỏ`d yợ tẽx jỢ `mezbgec~%

Dgềe ebw& të eadgềx tẽx jỢ `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ zdƠớ ea pừ jợea `â` xdƠƢea âe

tẽx jỢ pbs<

@mezbgec~+ zạs+ Ēẽ+ úzú nàg<

+ @mezbgec~+ zạs+ `ạs zạs+ úzú nàg

+ @mezbgec~+ zạs+ agèe R@+ úzú nàg

+ @mezbgec~+ zạs+ Ēẽ+ úzú+ `dỡ dèea

+ @mezbgec~+ úzú+ `dỡ dèea+ zạs

@mezbgec~+ nàg+ JZA+ úzú `dỡ dèea

+ @mezbgec~+ nàg+ Ēẽ+ úzú `dỡ dèea

+ @mezbgec~+ tc úzú `dỡ dèea+ nàg

^üz ~sỗz+ nỒ` tẽx tc `dờ dèea



04

04

+ Dèea Ēðea+ tc `dỡ dèea+ `mezbgec~

Jmbed zds zữ dmẢz Ēỗea jỏ`d yợ `ỡb të eadgềx $>887+>828'

Ạea 2>< Jmbed zds zữ dmẢz Ēỗea jỏ`d yợ `ỡb të eadgềx

@dệ zgìs >887

$Z~gềs ĒỐea'

>828

$Z~gềs ĒỐea'

Kủ` zdbw Ēồg Pm pâed

>828->887

$#'

ZỒ` Ēỗ

zĀea

z~Ơờea $#'

Zds nỒ` tẽx dèea

dðb

012%>>9 093%999 +3%398 74&3 +2&3

Ęạs eamèg >42%924 >42%924 8 288 8

Ęạs z~mea 47%984 4:%8:4 +3%398 70&48 +9&>

Zds odm dèea 23:%243 292%:>7 1%>:: 28:&18 :&1

FƠs odm 2>2%892 2>2%892 8 288 8

@îe dèea >%0:: >%0:0 +2 77&79 +8&8:

@ạs nẽe 2%119 2%22: +99> 9>&10 +01&>1

Eîea `mezbgec~ 29%840 >2%179 3%120 203&3> 03&3>

DẢ `mezbgec~ :%10> 9%>3: 2%3>> 20>&29 0>&29

sỗ` `ờg jîw 229 1> +:: 9>&>2 +01&17

Zdsì odm nàg 0%892 0%892 8 288 8

ỏ`d yợ odâ` 3%82> 3%1>4 129 22:&>7 2:&>7

EasỐe< Ęâed agâ oẽz rsẠ pẠe tsảz oged jmbed TET @d÷b Yẻ

Rsb nẠea z~ìe& `ð zdỀ zdảw jmbed zds zữ dmẢz Ēỗea eîea& dẢ `mezbgec~ `ð kủ`

zĀea `bm edảz $fạe fƠỠz fè 03&3># yè 0>&29#'% ĘgỂs eèw tsảz xdâz zữ zdỲ` zẽ fƠỠ ea



07

07

`mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ zĀea 9&3# ĒỐea zdớ g yở g ygề` zĀea kủ` agâ jỏ`d yợ

eîea& dẢ `mezbgec~% @â` dmẢz Ēỗea fƠs odm& fƠs nàg yè zdsì odm nàg `ð jmbed zds

odúea Ēồg `ð zdỀ zdảw dề zdỒea odm& nàg `ỡb `Ạea fsúe ờ z~mea z~Ảea zdâg dmẢz Ēỗea

dẽz `úea psảz%

3% Rsw z~æed agbm edẫ e `mezbgec~ zẢg `Ạ ea%

3%2% Agbm edẫ e `mezbgec~ edẫ x odầ s%

+ Z~Ơở` odg zès Ēẽe `Ạea >:d& ĒẢg fû dàea zès aừg EMB+ zdúea nâm zès Ēẽe `dm z~Ỳ`

nbe ĒgỂs dèed pẠe tsảz& pbs Ēð aừg .nẠe fƠỠ` odbg dèea dðb.& pƢ ĒỐ dạk zès& `â`

zdúea nâm yỂ `â` fmẢg dèea dðb Ēằ` ngềz $dèea pgìs z~Ơớ ea& pgìs z~ịea& `mezbgec~dèea easw dgỀk&%%%' yè nẠe oì odbg dèea edẫx odầs%

+ Zmèe nỗ zdúea zge z~ìe ĒƠỠ ̀ aừg `dm Ēỗg `mezbgec~& pbs Ēð ĒƠỠ ̀ zồea dỠ x fẢg zdèed

qm~ogea Pcrsce`c pdccz yởg Ēạw Ēỡ zdúea zge yỂ dèea dðb `ŧea edƠ yỏ z~ë jỲ ogẽe

tẽx z~ìe nàg% Zớ xdgẽs eèw ĒƠỠ ̀ `dswỀe tsỒea nỗ xdẫe agbm edẫe `ạs zès yè ĒƠỠ ̀

j÷ea ĒỀ agbm edẫe dèea dðb%

Z~mea rsâ z~æed fèk dèea& `Ạea `ừ eaƠớ g ogỀk Ēẽk `÷ea ĒẢg jgềe zès& edîe

ygìe agbm edẫe xdẠg ogỀk z~b zæed z~Ảea yọ `mezbgec~& adg pỒ dgềs& pỒ `dæ& dgềe z~Ảea

`mezbgec~ yèm kâw ^DZ yè xdgẽs z~æed zỲ jỢ dèea Qm~ogea Pcrsce`c pdccz%

Edîe ygìe agbm edẫe `Āe `ủ yèm zdỲ` zẽ jỢ dèea& ĒỒg `dgẽs yở g Qm~ogea

Pcrsce`c pdccz ĒỀ tâ` Ēỏed dèea dðb zdỲ` zẽ jỢ $`ð tâ` edẫe `ỡb ĒẢg jgềe zès'% Pbs

Ēð& dbg nìe fẫx `â` `dủea zữ xdâx fû nbe Ēạs $@M^& ^M^M@& @P@&%%%%'

Pbs Ēð& dèea dðb `ð zdỀ ĒƠỠ` fƠs odm nàg dmằ` Ēg zdẰea%

3%>% Agbm edẫ e `mezbgec~ tsả z odầ s<

@mezbgec~ I@F<

+ Dàea zès `ảx `dm `dỡ dèea .fềed `ảx `mezbgec~ ~ốea.& `dỡ dèea ĒƠb dèea

Ēẽe `Ạea yè zgẽe dèed zdỡ zợ` dẠg rsbe ĒỀ Ēðea dèea yèm `mezbgec~%

+ NỒ z~ë edîe `úea Ēðea dèea yèm `Ạea jƠở g pỲ agâk pâz `ỡb dẠg rsbe& pbs Ēð

oặx `dæ `dm `mezbgec~%



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+ @dỡ dèea zở g xdþea zdỡ zợ` ĒỀ fèk zdỡ zợ`& edẫe CG^ yè ĒƠb `dm edîe ygìe

agbm edẫe nàg ĒỀ ĒƠb `mezbgec~ ~b nàg `dớ tẽx fìe zès%

Eẽs `mezbgec~ xdẠg fƠs odm& fƠs nàg zẢg `Ạea zdæ edîe ygìe zdỡ zợ` fèk zdỡ zợ``dm `mezbgec~ edẫx nàg& ge xdgẽs CG^% Pbs Ēð& `dỡ dèea edẫe CG^ kbea tsỒea nàg

ĒỀ edîe ygìe agbm edẫe zẢg nàg ĒgỂs Ēỗea xdƠƢea zgềe tẽx dèea yèm nàg% Edîe ygìe

agbm edẫe oû tâ` edẫe yèm CG^ yè zds 2 fgìe%

@mezbgec~ F@F<

+ Nỗ xdẫe ĒẢg fû `ỡb dàea zès pẻ zds amk dèea ĒỀ ĒƠb Ēẽe @IP% Eẽs Ēỡ ĒgỂs

ogềe Ēðea dèea zdæ ĒẢg fû pẻ nâm `Ạea nỒ z~ë `úea edîe Ēðea dèea yèm `mezbgec~&

ĒỐea zdớ g fèk zdỡ zợ` dẠg rsbe `ŧea edƠ `â` zdỡ zợ` odâ` zẢg @IP%

+ @â` fú dèea aừg yèm odm @IP ĒỀ Ēðea yèm `mezbgec~ F@F ĒỂs xdẠg fèk zdỡ

zợ`& odg Ēðea dèea tmea `ŧea fèk zdỡ zợ` dẢ dèea yỂ nàg `dớ tẽx fìe zès%

Agbm dèea tsỒea zès<

Z~Ơở ̀ odg tẽx dèea fìe zès& dàea zès xdẠg aừg `dm `Ạea nẠea oì odbg dèea

dðb& pƢ ĒỐ zồea dỠ x%@Āe `ủ yèm `b~am fgpz dàea zès aừg& edîe ygìe agbm edẫe tâ` Ēỏed yỏ z~ë

`mezbgec~ `ð tsảz tủ zẢg nàg% Z~mea rsâ z~æed tẽx dèea fìe zès& `Ạea `ừ eaƠớ g ogỀk

Ēẽk & fẫx zớ ogỀk dèea% Pbs odg tẽx tmea dèea dðb tsỒea zès& nỗ xdẫe agbm edẫe

`ỡb `Ạea& `÷ea yở g dàea zès dmằ` ĒẢg fû dàea zès pẻ fẫx nâm `âm tẽx jỢ & @M^&%%%%

3%0% Agbm dèea zữ nàg fìe xdƸƢea zgề e `ỡ b `dỡ dèea%

@mezbgec~ I@F

Z~Ơớ ea dỠ x `dỡ dèea fảw easwìe `mezbgec~ ĒƠb yỂ odm nàg `ỡb kæed< xdþea

zdỡ zợ` `ỡb `Ạea zgẽx edẫe J-M yè !xdgẽs kƠỠ e yọ `mezbgec~! fèk CG^+ xdgẽs agbm

edẫe `mezbgec~ `dm `dỡ dèea% @Āe `ủ yèm CG^& edîe ygìe agbm edẫe ĒgỂs Ēỗea

xdƠƢea zgềe tẽx dèea fìe tc `dm `dỡ dèea& pbs Ēð oû tâ` edẫe agbm dèea& adg zæed

z~Ảea `mezbgec~ yè Ēðea jảs yèm CG^& zds 2 fgìe tbed% Odg `dỡ dèea `dm xdƠƢea

zgềe ~b `ồea `Ạea& edîe ygìe nẠm yề ogỀk z~b& ĒỒg `dgẽs pỒ dgềs `mezbgec~& pỒ tc yẫe



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`dswỀe z~ìe CG^& eẽs odở x zdæ zds 2 fgìe yèea `ð jảs dẠg rsbe yè `dm tc ~b `ồea

`Ạea% Edîe ygìe agbm edẫe dmèe zảz ygề` agbm `mezbgec~ z~ìe dề zdỒea @ZKP%

Z~Ơớ ea dỠ x `dỡ dèea ~üz dèea zẢg `Ạea< Pbs odg `dỡ dèea fảw CG^& pbea nỗ xdẫe z~Ỳ` nbe pẠe tsảz ĒĀea oû yèm xdgẽs fèk dèea& z~æed nỗ xdẫe `dệ ĒẢm nàg adg pồ

zdcm jóg yè zdúea nâm `dm agbm edẫe nàg tâ` Ēỏed yỏ z~ë `mezbgec~ z~ìe nàg% Edîe ygìe

agbm edẫe ĒgỂs Ēỗea xdƠƢea zgềe `ỡb `Ạea Ēẽe ĒỀ ~üz dèea ~b odọg `mezbgec~ yè ĒƠb

fìe tc `dm `dỡ dèea& pbs Ēð oû tâ` edẫe yèm xdgẽs CG^ yè zds kỗz fgìe tbed% @dỡ

dèea `dm xdƠƢea zgềe ~b `ồea `Ạea& Ēðea jảs dẠg rsbe& z~æed CG^ `dm nẠm yề ogỀk

z~b pỒ tc& pỒ fƠỠ ea& `dỡea fmẢg dèea adg z~ìe CG^% Eẽs odở x zds 2 fgìe yèea yè `dm

tc ~b odọg `ồea%

@mezbgec~ F@F<

@mezbgec~ ĒƠỠ` ĒƠb yèm @IP ĒỀ jỢ dèea jƠở g pỲ agâk pâz `ỡb ĒẢg jgềe dèea

zès& dẠg rsbe& `úea zw agâk Ēỏed yè edîe ygìe agbm edẫe% .Ngìe nẠe odbg zdâ`

`mezbgec~ `dsea `dỡ. ĒƠỠ ̀ fẫx pbs odg kờ `mezbgec~& ngìe nẠe eèw fè `Āe `ủ ĒỀ dàea

zès `ảx J-M `dm `dỡ dèea%

@dỡ dèea kbea -M Ēẽe xdþea zdỡ zợ` `ỡb `Ạea fèk zdỡ zợ` edẫe dèea&

edîe ygìe zdỡ zợ` ygẽz .fềed tsảz odm.%

@dỡ dèea kbea .fềed tsảz odm. tsỒea @IP ĒỀ edẫe dèea& `Āe `ủ yèm Ēð&

edîe ygìe odm ygẽz .xdgẽs tsảz odm. yè agbm dèea fìe tc `dm `dỡ dèea%

@dỡ dèea z~æed xdgẽs tsảz odm ĒỀ ~b `ồea `Ạea%



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9% FƸỠ ea `mezbgec~ yẫ e `dswỀ e rsb `Ạ ea @d÷b Y ẻ %Ạea 20< PẠe fƠỠ ea `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea

@dệ zgìs ĘƢe yỏ

zëed >881 >884 >887 >828

ZỒ` Ēỗ

zĀea >884$#'

ZỒ` Ēỗ

zĀea >887$#'

ZỒ` Ēỗ

zĀea >828$#'

Zès @dgẽ` 143 444 18> 103 20&28 +>2&88 :&18

PẠe fƠỠea Zảe 3%937%828 9%070%202 9%244%::8 9%:49%311 20&88 +0&>8 :&48

@mezbgec~ ZCS398%73: 9>7%0>2 341%782 9>9%>9> 2>&>8 +9&98 9&38

Zự z~ịea

`mezbgec~

rsb `Ạea

@d÷b Yẻ-

@Ạea DẠg

Xdþea

# 4>&83 17&99 1>&89 93&91

EasỐe< zồea dỠx

Ạea 2:< FƠỠ ea dèea dðb yè `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea DẠg Xdþea

>880 >88: >883 >889 >881 >884 >887 >828

@mezbgec~ 019%9:: 074%030 :>:%233 :90%477 940%947 178%888 423%402 730%9:9

Dèea dðb 28%324%>9> 28%:49%381 28%32>%831 22%232%094 2>%088%394 20%488%884 2:%018%039 23%944%947

ZỒ` Ēỗ

zĀea

`mezbgec~

$#'

+ 3&19 9&:4 7&01 :1&04 23&33 0&>1 29&47

ZỒ` Ēỗ

zĀea dèea

dðb $#'

+ +8&08 8&>: 9&84 28&02 2>&27 :&20 7&21




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Z~mea agbg ĒmẢe >880+>828& zỒ` Ēỗ zĀea z~Ơờea fƠỠ ea `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea DẠg

Xdþea `ð ts dƠởea `bm dƢe zỒ` Ēỗ zĀea z~Ơờea fƠỠ ea dèea dðb rsb `Ạea& ĒgỂs eèw

zdỀ dgềe ts dƠở ea zảz wẽs `ỡb pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb yẫe zẠg `mezbgec~% Zsw edgìe& zỒ` Ēỗ

zĀea z~Ơờ ea `mezbgec~ ờ `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ z~mea agbg ĒmẢe >881+>828 fsúe zdảx dƢe zỒ`

Ēỗ zĀea z~ìe zmèe @Ạea DẠg Xdþea& Ēằ` ngềz eĀk >887& z~mea nỒg `Ạed oged zẽ zdẽ

agở g `dửea fẢg jm odỡea dmẠea oged zẽ& fƠỠ ea dèea `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ

agẠk Ēẽe 9&3# pm yởg eĀk >884% Yảe ĒỂ z~ìe `ð zdỀ ĒƠỠ ̀ fû agẠg jm pỲ xdâz z~gỀe

`ỡb `â` `Ạea odâ` z~mea ods yỲ` $ `Ạea Ęæed Yŧ& `Ạea @âg Fîe&%%%' yè pỲ tsỒea `ảx

yỂ `Ƣ pờ dẢ zạea `Ạea ngỀe zẢg `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ% ĘgỂs eèw jắe Ēẽe dề rsẠ fè zự z~ịea

dèea `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ yở g zmèe @Ạea DẠg Xdþea fgìe zợ` agẠk z~mea agbgĒmẢe >881+>828 odg kè eĀk >881 fè 4>&83#& edƠea Ēẽe eĀk >828& `me pỒ eèw `dệ

`þe 93&91#%

GGG% Edẫe tçz%

2% ĘgỀ k kẢ ed<

Dề zdỒea zdúea zge fgìe fẢ`<Dề zdỒea zdúea zge fgìe fẢ` `ỡb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ eẲk z~mea dề zdỒea zdúea zge

zdúea psỒz yở g @Ạea DẠg Xdþea% ĘƠỠ ̀ z~bea nỏ dề zdỒea rsẠe fû nẽe `mezbgec~

@ZKP+ zdcm zgìs `dsầe odbg zdâ` `mezbgec~ rsỒ` zẽ% Ęằ` ĒgỀk eồg nẫz `ỡb dề zdỒea

eèw fè `dm xdçx oẽz dỠ x kỗz `â`d fged dmẢz agửb zdỡ `úea yè zỲ Ēỗea% Zdúea zge

rsẠe fû ĒƠỠ` ĒƠb yèm dề zdỒea nẲea nb `â`d< `ẫx edẫz `dủea zữ& `dswỀe jử fgềs

nẲea CJG yè zdúea rsb kâw z~swỂe jử fgềs nẲea zbw% Zdgẽz nỏ z~bm Ēồg yè z~swỂe jử

fgềs `ạk zbw eèw ĒƠỠ` `â` edîe ygìe ĒgỂs dèed pừ jợea z~Ỳ` zgẽx zẢg dgềe z~Ơớ ea& zữ

Ēð zëed `Ƣ Ēỗea yè kỂk jếm `ỡb dề zdỒea ĒƠỠ ̀ xdâz dsw% @ð zdỀ eðg& yở g pẠe fƠỠ ea

zdúea rsb jƠở g 2 z~gềs ZCS-eĀk& @ZKP fè dề zdỒea rsẠe fû xd÷ dỠ x yở g `Ạea

@d÷b Yẻ% Zsw edgìe& nbe fàed ĒẢm @Ạea DẠg Xdþea eðg `dsea yè të eadgềx @d÷b Yẻ

eðg ~gìea `ŧea `ạe `ð edửea nƠở ̀ `dsầe nỏ ĒỀ `ð zdỀ `dswỀe pbea âx jợea dề zdỒea

rsẠe fû nẽe `mezbgec~ kở g kỗz `â`d oỏx zdớ g% Odg pẠe fƠỠ ea zdúea rsb `ỡb `Ạea

zĀea fìe& dề zdỒea rsẠe fû eèw nỗ` fỗ `â` edƠỠ` ĒgỀk `Ƣ nẠe< odỒg fƠỠ ea zdúea zge



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xdẠg từ fû fở e jắe Ēẽe zdúea zge ĒƠỠ ̀ `ẫx edẫx odúea Ēâx ủea wìs `ạs yỂ zdớ g agbe&

eìe edgỂs zdúea pỒ `ð z~mea kâw zëed `ỡb dề zdỒea rsẠe fû odúea odở x yở g zdỲ` zẽ

$`dẰea dẢe edƠ yỏ z~ë `mezbgec~& fƠỠ ea `mezbgec~ zỐe&…'& yæ yẫw edîe ygìe ĒgỂs dèed

pẠe tsảz zdợ Ēỗea z~mea ygề` zæk ogẽk& ĒgỂs `dệed pỒ fgềs% Dề zdỒea rsẠe fû eèw

`ŧea zẢm ~b kúg z~Ơớ ea zdỡ `úea z~mea `úea ygề`< zæk ogẽk `mezbgec~& dƠở ea jắe tc

yèm yỏ z~ë agbm edẫe dèea& pậx tẽx `mezbgec~ z~ìe nàg&…Oẽz rsẠ `sỒg `÷ea fè eĀea

psảz fèk dèea& zỒ` Ēỗ agbm edẫe `mezbgec~ zdảx& z~mea odg dbm xdë fbm Ēỗea edgỂs%

Z~mea rsâ z~æed eadgìe `ủs& @Ạea DẠg Xdþea `ð zdỀ dị` dọg oged eadgềk zữ rsâ

z~æed z~gỀe odbg xdạe kỂk ủea jợea rsẠe fû ĒgỂs dèed yè odbg zdâ` `Ạea `mezbgec~

ZMXT zẢg Zîe @Ạea+ @âg Fâz& xdạe kỂk Ēà aðx xdạe eîea `bm eĀea psảz `dm Zîe@Ạea+ @âg Fâz0%

Eamèg ~b& ygề` âx jợea `â` xdạe kỂk `dswìe jợea odâ` z~mea rsâ z~æed rsẠe

fû& ĒgỂs dèed jmbed eadgềx edƠ< dề zdỒea zdúea zge rsẠe fû $KGP+A2'& dề zdỒea z~bm

Ēồg jử fgềs Ēgềe zừ CJG& dề zdỒea zdúea zge rsẠe fû zèg `dëed+ oẽ zmâe $KGP+A>'& dề

zdỒea zdúea zge rsẠe fû edîe pỲ+ zgỂe fƠƢea $KGP+ A0'& `dƠƢea z~æed rsẠe fû edè

`îe&%%% Ēà eîea `bm Ēâea oỀ dgềs rsẠ dmẢz Ēỗea `ỡb TETJ @d÷b Yẻ% Nỗ kâw rsẠe

fû ĒƠỠ` ĒƢe agẠe dðb yè dgềs rsẠ dƢe% @úea zâ` zdcm jóg& agâk pâz `â` z~bea zdgẽz nỏ&

xdƠƢea zgềe? ogỀk z~b zdgẽz nỏ ĒƠỠ ̀ zdbw zdẽ& zỐe Ēịea& zdớ g dẢe nẠm jƠỢ ea yè dẢea

kợ` nẠm jƠỢ ea& edgìe fgềs zgìs zdợ&%%%edbed `dðea& oỏx zdớ g yè dgềs rsẠ% Zæed dæed

pẠe tsảz& zèg `dëed `ỡb të eadgềx ĒƠỠ ̀ xdẠe âed oỏx zdớg& edbed `dðea dƢe yở g nbe

fàed ĒẢm të eadgềx% PỲ aậe oẽz agửb `â` xdþea nbe& ĒƢe yỏ z~mea të eadgềx yở g edbs&

`ŧea edƠ agửb të eadgềx yở g @Ạea DẠg Xdþea ĒƠỠ ̀ eîea `bm& fèk `dm asỐea kâw

rsẠe fû dmẢz Ēỗea fged dmẢz dƢe% 0 Kỗz pỒ Ơs ĒgỀk `ỡb dề zdỒea ZMXT< ĘỒg yở g edîe ygìe zdữb dèed& fèk ygề` zdúea rsb kâw zëed&

eabw z~sea zîk ĒgỂs dèed& agẠk zdgỀs ĒƠỠ ̀ `úea ĒmẢe zdbm zâ`& zỒe ëz `úea pủ` dƢe edƠea eĀeapsảz yè dgềs rsẠ `bm dƢe& pỒ fƠỠ ea edîe fỲ` ĒgỂs dèed agẠk 08# pm yởg z~Ơở`% ĘỒg yở g odâ`d dèea&`â` nƠở ̀ yè zdớ g agbe agbm edẫe dèea ĒƠỠ ̀ ~üz eaậe $agẠk 0 fạe& zữ z~sea næed >&81d-fƠỠ z tc agbmedẫe z~Ơở` Ēîw tsỒea 8&1d-fƠỠz tc'% ĘỒg yở g `â` dàea zès& zès odúea xdẠg `dớ `ạs& zdớ g agbe eẲknẽe eaậe $z~sea næed zữ >>d tsỒea 24d' jm eĀea psảz agẠg xdðea zès zĀea 03#& yè yæ yẫw eĀea fỲ`zdúea rsb `ỡb `Ạea `ŧea zĀea zƠƢea ủea% @â` dàea zès ĒƠỠ` Ēâx ủea kịg wìs `ạs z~bm Ēồg jử fgềsCJG% PỒ yợ yg xdẢk BZFĘ+BZAZ `ỡb @Ạea agẠk :3#%%% YỂ zồea zdỀ& dề zdỒea agüx zỒg Ơs dðb&zĀea eĀea psảz yè zgẽz ogềk kịg kằz z~mea pẠe tsảz& eîea `bm `dảz fƠỠ ea jỏ`d yợ fè `úea `ợ dửs

dgềs z~mea rsẠe fû tîw jỲea @Ạea% Zdcm Ụ ea j ợea `úea eadề zdúea zge z~mea ĒgỂ s dèed yè odbgzdâ` `Ạea `mezbgec~& qqq%ygebkb~gec%amy%ye

http://www1.vinamarine.gov.vn/





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Dề zdỒea rsẠe fû zdúea zge& `÷ea yở g pỲ eîea `bm `dảz fƠỠ ea `ỡb Ēỗg eaŧ

`úea edîe ygìe z~mea ygề` pừ jợea `úea eadề zdúea zge z~mea të eadgềx zsîe zdcm ts

dƠởea Ēồg kở g `úea zâ` rsẠe fû& zữea nƠở ̀ dgềe ĒẢg dðb rsâ rsẠe fû z~mea ts zdẽ

dgềe ebw%

Dề zdỒea agbm zdúea eamèg xdẢk yg `Ạea<

@Ạea @d÷b Yẻ ĒƠỠ ̀ eỒg dề zdỒea agbm zdúea ĒƠớ ea nỗ rsỒ` agb nẲea rsỒ`

fỗ 3B+ kỗz z~mea edửea zswẽe ĒƠớ ea dswẽz kẢ`d `ỡb kgỂe Nậ`& Ēà yè Ēbea xdợ` yợ

odâ zỒz eds `ạs yẫe `dswỀe `mezbgec~ Ēẽe `â` `Ạea odâ` z~mea dề zdỒea @Ạea DẠg

Xdþea& `ŧea edƠ `â` ods yỲ` odâ` eamèg xdẢk yg `Ạea% Nìe `Ảed Ēð& zswẽe ĒƠớ ea

`bm zỒ` Dè Eỗg+ DẠg Xdþea& yở g zdgẽz oẽ xd÷ dỠx `dm tc `mezbgec~ `ŧea pẻ Ēâx ủea

zỒz eds `ạs yẫe `dswỀe dèea dðb nẲea `mezbgec~ Ēẽe Dè Eỗg& DẠg ƠƢea& DƠea

Wìe%

Eamèg ~b& dgềe ebw& @Ạea DẠg Xdþea `ð zdỀ eðg fè `Ạea jsw edảz z~mea dề

zdỒea `Ạea Ygềz Ebk `ð zswẽe ĒƠớ ea xdợ` yợ `mezbgec~ nẲea ĒƠớ ea pậz z~mea xdẢk

yg `Ạea% ĘgỂs eèw& agüx agẠk zdgỀs `dg xdë yẫe `dswỀe `mezbgec~ zữ `Ạea Ēẽe ab DẠg

Xdþea& zẢm ĒgỂs ogềe zdsẫe fỠ g xdâz z~gỀe ygề` yẫe `dswỀe dèea dðb nẲea ĒƠớ ea pậzzdcm Ēỏed dƠở ea `ỡb edè eƠở ̀ %

Dề zdỒea kâw pmg `mezbgec~<

@÷ea yởg `Ạea @âg Fâz& zdèed xdỒ DỐ @dë Kged& DẠg Xdþea fè Ēỏb xdƠƢea

zdủ > z~ìe `Ạ eƠở` ĒƠỠ` z~bea nỏ dề zdỒea kâw pmg `mezbgec~ `Ợ fởe nẲea zgb T&

edẲk zĀea `Ơớea dề zdỒea rsẠe fû dẠg rsbe zẢg DẠg Xdþea% Dề zdỒea kâw pmg

`mezbgec~ Cbafc A9888 xdợ` yợ zẢg `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ yè `Ạea Ęæed Yŧ Ēà `dëed zdủ` Ēgyèm dmẢz Ēỗea zữ 3-3->822% Ęîw fè dề zdỒea kâw pmg zgb T `ð zdỀ ogỀk z~b Ēb jẢea

`â` dèea dðb& fảw dæed Ạed pmg `dgẽs ờ kủ` zỒg Ēb $tâ` Ēỏed dæed Ạed ~ó eçz `ỡb pỠg

jîw ĒỐea ĒƠớea oëed 2kk z~mea odúea odë'& Ēâx ủea wìs `ạs `dsầe dðb `â` zdỡ

zợ` zdúea rsbe dèea dðb zdcm `bk oẽz QZM yè BPCBE%

ĘỀ zdúea rsbe yè ogỀk z~b dmèe zmèe kỗz tc `mezbgec~ kảz 1 xdüz& eẽs `dệ

ogỀk z~b pmg rsçz zdæ dề zdỒea `dệ `ạe dƢe 2 xdüz& agẠk ĒƠỠ` zdớg agbe zdúea rsbe



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dèea zữ 2+>d-`mezbgec~ edƠ z~Ơở` Ēîw% Zdcm @ợ` DẠg rsbe DẠg Xdþea& jỲ ogẽe dề

zdỒea kâw pmg `ð zdỀ xdợ` yợ zữ 18+288 tc `mezbgec~-eaèw:%

KỒg fgìe oẽz yở g `â` `Ạea kgỂe nậ` $Agbm Ơở ̀ dỠ x zâ` agử b @Ạea RsẠea Egedyè @Ạea DẠg Xdþea'

Eaèw 2>-28->822& zẢg YĀe xdþea @Ạea DẠg Xdþea pỒ 4B Z~ạe Xdü& DẠg

Xdþea Ēà jgểe ~b fể oû nẠe adg edở dỠ x zâ` agửb @úea zw ZEDD kỗz zdèed ygìe

@Ạea RsẠea Eged yè @úea zw ZEDD Kỗz zdèed ygìe @Ạea DẠg Xdþea% Dæed zdủ`

dỠx zâ` ĒƠỠ ̀ edảe kẢed fè ygề` agbm fƠs& `dgb pế& z~bm Ēồg zdúea zge yỂ oged eadgềk

z~mea rsẠe fû pẠe tsảz& odbg zdâ` `Ạea& dố z~Ỡ Ēèm zẢm yè xdâz z~gỀe easỐe edîe fỲ`?

dỠ x zâ` z~mea oged jmbed yè zdỏ z~Ơớ ea yở g kợ` zgìs ĒẠk nẠm fỠ g ë`d `ỡb kốg nìe?

dố z~Ỡ z~bea zdgẽz nỏ& `úea eadề& edîe fỲ` odg kốg nìe `ð eds `ạs… Dgềe ebw& dạs

dẽz `â` zès `Ợ fởe ĒỂs ĒƠỠ ̀ `dswỀe zẠg zẢg @Ạea RsẠea Eged ĒỀ ĒƠb yèm @Ạea DẠg

Xdþea& ygề` dỠ x zâ` aðx xdạe zdü` Ēầw pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `dsea `ỡb dề zdỒea `Ạea ngỀe

ods yỲ` kgỂe Nậ` Ygềz Ebk& kờ ~b edửea `Ƣ dỗg kở g edẲk eîea `bm fƠỠ ea dèea

dðb& `mezbgec~ zdúea rsb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ $`â` `Ạea ngỀe @Ạea RsẠea Eged `ð Ēỗ pîs

fở e& xd÷ dỠ x yở g `â` zès `mezbgec~ `Ợ fở e `ẫx `Ạea'%

>% ĘgỀ k wẽ s%

ĘgỂs ogềe zỲ edgìe<

Edæe `dsea& ĒgỂs ogềe zỲ edgìe `ỡb `Ạea odâ xdủ` zẢx & Ạed dƠờ ea edgỂs Ēẽe

zès ~b yèm `Ạea& `úea zâ` tẽx jỢ `mezbgec~ zẢg `Ạea% Nìe `Ảed Ēð& fƠỠ ea xd÷ pb nỐg

fảx fở e& z~mea odg `úea zâ` eẢm yçz xd÷ pb& odgẽe Ēỗ pîs `ỡb fsỐea fẢ`d eaèw `èea

agẠk& odúea `dệ Ạed dƠờea Ēẽe zæed dæed pẠe tsảz `ỡb `Ạea kè `þe aîw fàea xdë eĀea fỲ` tẽx jỢ `ỡb `Ạea& be zmèe dèea dẠg nỏ Ēc jịb

Dgềe Ēỗ pîs fsỐea zès $ĒmẢe oìed Dè Ebk+ Ả`d ĘẲea' nỏ nỐg fậea& Ēỗ pîs

zữ +1k $zdcm zdgẽz oẽ' `dệ `þe +3k% Yởg `dgỂs jèg fsỐea zès zữ xdbm pỒ 8 Ēẽe ods

yỲ` Ęæed Yŧ $jèg 0>ok' zès yèm `Ạea kảz >+0 zgẽea& pmea& dgềe ebw& yởg Ēỗ pîs `þe

odmẠea +3&3k& zès yèm `Ạea kảz edgỂs zdớg agbe% DƢe eửb& `÷ea yởg ngìe Ēỗ zdỡw

: DẠg Xdþea< dề zdỒea `Ạea Ēbea jạe dmèe zdgềe% >8-89->822& qqq%nbmkmg%`mk%

http://www.baomoi.com/




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z~gỂs& fsỐea `dệ Ēâx ủea ĒƠỠ` zès 28%888 zảe& `â` zès fởe xdẠg ĒỠg zdỡw z~gỂs ĒẢz Ēệed

kởg `ð zdỀ ~b yèm ods yỲ` `Ạea& dmằ` xdẠg `dswỂe zẠg% Zdcm zdgẽz oẽ& fsỐea ĒẢz Ēỗ

pîs +1k& `Ạea ngỀe ods yỲ` DẠg Xdþea zgẽx edẫe ĒƠỠ` zès > yẢe zảe& edƠea ebw

fsỐea zès nỏ pb nỐg& zès > yẢe zảe xdẠg pbe zẠg%

m Ēằ` ĒgỀk Ēỏb `dảz zdỡw yĀe dề zdỒea púea yè `ừb ngỀe DẠg Xdþea kủ` Ēỗ

nỐg fậea fởe& odỒg fƠỠea eẢm yçz fìe zởg dèea z~gềs k0-eĀk% Zdcm zƠ yảe Edẫz Ạe

odg eadgìe `ủs Ỳ âe eîea `ảx @Ạea DẠg Xdþea agbg ĒmẢe >& ĒỀ jsw z~æ `dsầe zậ`

zswẽe fsỐea zẢg Ēỗ pîs zdgẽz oẽ +1k& dẲea eĀk odỒg fƠỠea eẢm yçz fsỐea zès yèm

@Ạea DẠg Xdþea Ơở` zëed odmẠea 0 z~gềs k0% ĘỀ eẢm yçz zswẽe fsỐea eèw& Zồea

`úea zw Ạm ĒẠk be zmèe dèea dẠg kgỂe ậ` Ēbea aằx edgỂs odð odĀe yæ zdgẽs oged

xdë% OỀ zữ odg ĒƠb yèm pừ jợea fsỐea kởg $eĀk >889'& agửb eĀk >884& fsỐea zès

eèw ĒƠỠ` eẢm yçz fạe Ēạs yởg 148%888 k0% @sỒg eĀk >887& Ēạs eĀk >828 zgẽe dèed

jsw zs fạe > yởg 7>8%888k0% Ęỗ pîs eẢm yçz ĒmẢe oìed Dè Ebk+ Ả`d ĘẲea ĒẢz +

9&0k yè +3&3k ĒmẢe púea @ảk% Ęẽe ebw& zæed dæed nỐg fậea `èea eadgìk z~ịea& ĒƢe

yỏ odầe z~ƠƢea zdỲ` dgềe oẽ dmẢ`d eẢm yçz eĀk >822& yởg Ēỗ pîs jỲ ogẽe ĒmẢe oìed

Dè Ebk+ Ả`d ĘẲea fè +9&9k yè +3&3k ĒmẢe púea @ảk%3

Dề zdỒea agbm zdúea eamèg `Ạea%

Dgềe ebw& dạs dẽz `mezbgec~ yắe ĒƠỠ ̀ yẫe `dswỀe nẲea ĒƠớ ea nỗ z~mea odg

`â` zswẽe ĒƠớ ea eèw eaèw `èea z~ờ eìe rsâ zẠg yè zỒ` Ēỗ Ēạs zƠ xdâz z~gỀe dề zdỒea

agbm zdúea ĒƠớ ea nỗ odúea zdcm oỏx pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb fƠỠ ea dèea `mezbgec~% RsỒ`

fỗ 3B fè zswẽe ĒƠớ ea dswẽz kẢ`d z~mea fƠs zdúea dèea dðb agửb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ yở g

`â` `Ạea odâ` z~mea dề zdỒea @Ạea DẠg Xdþea `ŧea edƠ yởg `â` Ēỏb xdƠƢea odâ`%

Zsw edgìe& zdcm zdỒea oì& zëed `dsea z~ìe RF3 kốg eaèw `ð z~ìe 2888 tc ú zú rsâ

zẠg dmẢz Ēỗea& `dgẽk zự fề Ēẽe 08# tc fƠs zdúea& z~mea Ēð `ð edgỂs tc zồea z~ịea zẠg

fìe zở g 48 zảe% Rsb ogỀk z~b& `ð tc ú zú `dờ zở g 3: zảe z~ìe 2 z~ợ` pbs& rsâ zẠg zở g

>88#% @dệ zëed ~gìea z~mea eĀk >822& ~gìea ĒmẢe zữ DƠea Wìe zở g DẠg Xdþea& kẫz

Ēỗ xdƠƢea zgềe agbm zdúea ĒƠớ ea nỗ Ēà agb zĀea z~ìe 22&3#& z~mea Ēð `dỡ wẽs fè tc

3 fsỐea zès ods yỲ` `Ạea ngỀe DẠg Xdþea nỏ nỐg fậea eadgìk z~ịea& Nâm DẠg Xdþea& >:-4->822%



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`dờ `mezbgec~& tc zẠg eằea& rsâ odồ& rsâ eằea9% Ęằ` ngềz& ods yỲ` eaà nb @d÷b Yẻ+

ods `úea eadgềx Ęæed Yŧ zdƠớ ea tswìe nỏ zậ` eadẻe eadgìk z~ịea edgỂs agớ fgỂe&

yở g kẫz Ēỗ tc fìe zở g 28888 tc-eaèw% Zæed z~Ảea zậ` eadẻe agbm zdúea eaèw `èea z~ờ

eìe eadgìk z~ịea& ĒƠớ ea tsỒea `ảx edbed& Ạed dƠờ ea fởe Ēẽe ygề` yẫe `dswỀe

dèea dðb zữ `Ạea Ēẽe `â` ods yỲ` odâ` z~mea `Ạ eƠở ̀ %

@Ạea DẠg Xdþea& kằ` j÷ `ð fỠ g zdẽ fè `Ạea jsw edảz z~mea `Ạ eƠở ̀ `ð dề

zdỒea yẫe zẠg ĒƠớ ea pậz oẽz eỒg yở g dề zdỒea ĒƠớ ea pậz rsỒ` agb& edƠea fẢg `dƠb zẫe

jợea ĒƠỠ ̀ fỠ g zdẽ `ỡb kæed% PỲ Ēðea aðx `ỡb yẫe zẠg ĒƠớ ea pậz z~mea yảe ĒỂ yẫe

`dswỀe `mezbgec~ kở g `dệ jữea ờ kủ` 0# z~mea odg ĒƠớ ea nỗ nỏ rsâ zẠg eadgìk

z~ịea% Z~mea odg Ēð& eẽs eaèed ĒƠớ ea pậz yẫe `dswỀe ĒƠỠ ̀ odmẠea 28# fƠỠ ea`mezbgec~ zẢg DẠg Xdþea $odmẠea 008 ZCS-eaèw Ēìk' zdæ pẻ agẠk odmẠea >88 fƠỠ z ú

zú `dẢw z~ìe rsỒ` fỗ 3 kốg eaèw% PỲ Ēðea aðx dẢe `dẽ `ỡb yẫe zẠg ĒƠớ ea pậz `ð zdỀ

ĒƠỠ ̀ fû agẠg jm easwìe edîe zồea `Ơở ̀ xdë yẫe zẠg ĒƠớ ea pậz z~ịe aðg DẠg Xdþea+

Dè Eỗg $2>8ok' `bm dƢe pm yở g kủ` `Ơở ̀ yẫe zẠg nẲea ĒƠớ ea nỗ& z~mea odg fƠỠ ea

dèea `mezbgec~ `dỡ wẽs ĒƠỠ ̀ yẫe `dswỀe Ēẽe Dè Eỗg%

0% @Ƣ dỗg

PỲ xdợ` dỐg zỒ` Ēỗ zĀea z~Ơờ ea oged zẽ%

Z~gỀe yịea xdâz z~gỀe oged zẽ Ygềz Ebk eĀk >82> $9+9&0# zdcm oỏ`d nẠe zỒz

yè 3&3+3&7# zdcm oỏ`d nẠe tảs'& eĀk >820 fè 9&:+9&1#1& `dm zdảw eỂe oged zẽ nậz

9 ZĀea eĀea fỲ ̀ yẫe z Ạg `mezbgec~ nẲea ĒƸớ ea pậ z pẻ agẠk z Ạg `dm ĒƸớ ea nỗ& nâm ĒƸớ ea pậ z%

1 Oged zẽ Ygềz Ebk agbg ĒmẢe >889+>822 yè z~gỀe yịea >82>+>823& ZP Fì Tsîe Eadħb%

4%::# 4%>0# 4%:9#9%02#

3%0>#9%14#

3%47#

28%48# 22%># 22%>#

28%78#

9%18#

22%88#28%28#

8%88#

3%88#

28%88#

23%88#

>8%88#

>3%88#

>883 >889 >881 >884 >887 >828 >822

ZỒ` Ēỗ zĀea AX >883+>822

Dè Eỗg

@Ạ eƸở`



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Ēạs `ð jảs dgềs zĀea z~Ơờ ea z~ờ fẢg zữ >82>& odgẽe fƠs fƠỠea dèea dðb fƠs zdúea rsb

`â` `Ạea ngỀe Ygềz Ebk& edæe `dsea `ð ts dƠở ea xdợ` dỐg zỒ` Ēỗ xdâz z~gỀe z~ờ fẢg%

@Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& `÷ea yở g rswẽz zîk `ỡb `dëed rswỂe zdèed xdỒ yè @Ạea DẠg Xdþea

`ŧea pẻ odúea eẲk eamèg rsw fsẫz Ēð& eĀk >822& fƠỠ ea dèea zdúea rsbe rsb `Ạea

ĒẢz 9%2 z~gềs zảe& nẲea 2-0 fƠỠ ea dèea dðb zdúea rsb zmèe @Ạea DẠg Xdþea >822

$21%33 z~gềs zảe'% EĀk >82>& @Ạea DẠg Xdþea xdảe Ēảs ĒẢz pẠe fƠỠ ea tẽx jỢ dèea

dðb ĒẢz 27 z~gềs zảe $zĀea 4%3# eĀk >822'%

EỂe oged zẽ Dè Eỗg Ēðea ybg z~þ fè eỂe oged zẽ Ēạs zès& zdü` Ēầw pỲ xdâz z~gỀe

`ỡb `â` Ēỏb xdƠƢea odâ` ods yỲ` kgỂe Nậ`& ĒỐea zdớg `ŧea Ēðea ybg z~þ zdü` Ēầw

pỲ zĀea z~Ơờea fƠỠ ea dèea dðb zdúea rsbe rsb `â` `Ạea ngỀe ods yỲ` kgỂe Nậ`%ZỒ` Ēỗ zĀea z~Ơờ ea oged zẽ `ỡb Dè Eỗg fsúe `bm dƢe zỒ` Ēỗ zĀea z~Ơờ ea oged zẽ `ỡb

`Ạ eƠở`% EĀk >82>& nbe fàed ĒẢm zdèed xdỒ Ēằz oẽ dmẢ`d zĀea z~Ơờ ea oged zẽ 28%3#&

`dm zdảw edẫe Ēỏed ~Ẳea oged zẽ Dè Eỗg `ð jảs dgềs xdợ` dỐg zỒ` Ēỗ zĀea z~Ơờ ea z~ờ

fẢg yèm eĀk ebw%

JỲ âe tîw jỲ ea `Ạea `ừ b eaó rsỒ` zẽ DẠg Xdþea

JỲ âe tîw jỲea `Ƣ pờ dẢ zạea `Ạea `ừb eaó rsỒ` zẽ DẠg Xdþea $FẢ`dDswềe' ĒƠỠ ̀ Nỗ Agbm zdúea yẫe zẠg xdì jswềz jỲ âe Ēạs zƠ tîw jỲea $agbg ĒmẢe

odờg Ēỗea' yở g eỗg jsea `dỡ wẽs fè< tîw jỲea > nẽe `mezbgec~ jèg 988k `dm zès

08%888QZ Ēạw zẠg& zès 38%888JQZ agẠk zẠg ~b& yèm% 1->828& z~mea nâm `âm `sỒg

oỰ& ZƠ yảe PBX^MI Ēà `dëed zdủ` ĒỂ tsảz yở g edè zèg z~Ỡ Edẫz NẠe $LG@B' yè xdëb

Ygềz Ebk `dm xdçx ĒgỂs `dệed rsw kú > nẽe odờg Ēỗea zdsỗ` jỲ âe tîw jỲea `Ạea

`ừb eaó rsỒ` zẽ DẠg Xdþea% Zdcm Ēð& zồea `dgỂs jèg nẽe fè 138k& Ēỗ pîs z~Ơở ̀ nẽe +

2:k ? `dsầe zậ` fsỐea yè yŧea rsbw zès ĒẠk nẠm `dm zès 288%888 JQZ `ẫx nẽe

fèk dèea aỐk< `dgỂs jèg fsỐea 21&:ok $zữ xdbm pỒ 8 Ēẽe yŧea rsbw zès'& `dgỂs

~ỗea fsỐea 298k& `bm Ēỗ Ēâw fsỐea $eẢm yçz' +2:k & ĒƠớea oëed yŧea rsbw zès

998k& odỒg fƠỠ ea eẢm yçz odmẠea 0> z~gềs k0? Ēì `dậe `âz jèg 1988 ĒƠỠ ̀ oçm

tsỒea Ēỗ pîs +3k& `bm Ēỗ `dậe `âz />k? Ēì `dậe pðea jèg 0238k& `bm Ēỗ /9&3k?

zúe zẢm nàg fè 0&>1 z~gềs k0 yè từ fû eỂe Ēảz wẽs fè 998%998k>? zồea kủ` Ēạs zƠ



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24%179 zự ĒỐea $yỒe ybw MJB 23&3>> zự ĒỐea&yỒe ĒỒg ủea0%>1:zựĒỐea'%%% Zdcm oẽ

dmẢ`d& Ēẽe eĀk >823& `Ạea FẢ`d Dswềe pẻ ĒƠỠ` ĒƠb yèm odbg zdâ`4%

Ts dƠở ea dgềe ebw z~ìe zdẽ agở g& `â` dàea yẫe zẠg zmèe `ạs pừ jợea zès `Ợ fở e eaèw `èea xdồ ngẽe edẲk fèk agẠk `dg xdë yẫe zẠg ngỀe zëed z~ìe 2 ĒƢe yỏ ZCS%

Ęẽe eĀk >82>& xdạe fởe `â` Ēỗg zès `mezbgec~ pẻ fè fmẢg 288%888 QZ% EĀk >823&

odg jỲ âe dmèe zdèed& odỒg fƠỠ ea dèea dðb ờ kgỂe Nậ` pẻ Ēỡ ĒỀ zds düz `â` zès

`mezbgec~ 288%888 JQZ `dm zswẽe tswìe Zdâg Næed ƠƢea% Z~mea odg Ēð& `Ạea

`mezbgec~ @d÷b Yẻ pẻ odð `ð zdỀ Ēâx ủea ĒƠỠ ̀ wìs `ạs `dswìe `dờ & nsỗ` `â` zès

`mezbgec~ fở e xdẠg `dswỀe zẠg zẢg @Ạea RsẠea Eged& fèk zĀea `dg xdë `dswỀe zẠg&

agẠk pủ` dảx jắe zẢg `ỡb `Ạea% @Ạea FẢ`d Dswềe ĒƠỠ` ĒƠb yèm pừ jợea& agẠk ĒƠỠ ̀

`dg xdë `dswỀe zẠg zès `mezbgec~ ĒỀ Ēg yèm `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ? `ŧea edƠ zĀea tsảz odầs

dèea dðb zữ kgỂe Nậ` pbea Kỷ jm agẠk ĒƠỠ ̀ `dg xdë z~sea `dswỀe pbea zès kặ zẢg

DmeaOmea& Nspbe%

4 DẠg Xdþea yở g jỲ âe tîw jỲea `Ạea `ừb eaó rsỒ` zẽ FẢ`d Dswềe& `bznb%`mk%ye



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Tîw jỲ ea eüz agbm zdúea @d÷b Yẻ+ Easwểe Nệed Odgìk%

Eaà nb eỒg ĒƠớ ea Easwểe Nệed Odgìk $rsỒ` fỗ 3'+ Fì Zdâed Zúea yè

ĒƠớea 039 Ēg Ęæed Yŧ+ @âz DẠg+ @âz Nè fè eüz agbm zdúea rsbe z~ịea nẫ` edảz zdèedxdỒ& yæ fè ĒgỀk oẽz eỒg agửb `â` zswẽe ĒƠớ ea dswẽz kẢ`d z~mea ygề` agẠg xdðea dèea

rsb dề zdỒea `Ạea ngỀe DẠg Xdþea% PỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb dề zdỒea `Ạea ngỀe zẢg DẠg

Xdþea jắe Ēẽe fƠỠea xdƠƢea zgềe `dswìe `dờ zĀea edbed& yæ yẫw& eaà nb @d÷b Yẻ+

Easwểe Nệed Odgìk fsúe z~mea zæed z~Ảea rsâ zẠg yè zdƠớ ea tswìe tẠw ~b ÷e zậ`%

ZdỒea oì `ỡb Pờ Agbm zdúea yẫe zẠg `dm zdảw& eaà nb eèw `ð zởg :8%888 fƠỠz tc fƠs

zdúea-eaèw Ēìk $Ēà rsw Ēồg'& ~gìea tc pgìs z~Ơớ ea& pgìs z~ịea `dgẽk dƢe 28%888

tc-eaèw Ēìk% Eðg kỗz `â`d odâ`& dèea dðb zdúea rsb `Ạea ngỀe DẠg Xdþea nẲea

ĒƠớ ea nỗ rsb eaà nb eaèw `dgẽk odmẠea 48+78#%

Edẫe zdảw ĒƠỠ ̀ zạk rsbe z~ịea `ỡb eüz agbm zdúea eèw& @dëed xdỡ Ēà ĒỐea û

yởg ĒỂ tsảz `ỡb zdèed xdỒ DẠg Xdþea& `dm xdçx tîw jỲea eüz agbm zdúea @d÷b Yẻ+

Easwểe Nệed Odgìk z~ìe `Ƣ pờ ĒgỂs `dệed jỲ âe `Ạg zẢm& eîea `ảx ĒƠớea 039 ĒmẢe

>B7% Pbs odg ĒƠớ ea ú zú `bm zỒ` Dè Eỗg+ DẠg Xdþea dmèe zdèed ĒƠb yèm odbg zdâ`

pẻ oẽz dỠ x yở g eüz agbm zdúea @d÷b Yẻ+ Easwểe Nệed Odgìk zdèed z~ợ` ĒƠớ ea dmèezdgềe odg yẫe `dswỀe dèea zữ `â` `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& Ęæed Yŧ Ēg `â` zệed& zdèed ods yỲ`

y÷ea ĒỐea nẲea Nậ` Nỗ yè eaƠỠ ̀ fẢg%

:% Zdâ`d zdủ `

PỲ `Ảed z~bed agử b `â` `Ạea ngỀe%

ĘỒg zdỡ `Ảed z~bed `ỡb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ fè `â` `Ạea odâ` z~mea dề zdỒea @Ạea

DẠg Xdþea $TETJ `Ạea Dmèea Jgềs& TETJ Yẫz @â`d& TETJ Zîe @Ạea& %%%'? `â``Ạea z~mea dề zdỒea @Ạea RsẠea Eged $ĒgỀe dæed fè `Ạea @âg Fîe'&%%% Z~mea Ēð& ĒỒg

zdỡ `Ảed z~bed z~Ỳ` zgẽx kẢed edảz xdẠg oỀ Ēẽe `Ạea @âg Fîe $yỂ `mezbgec~'? `ŧea

odúea zdỀ odúea eðg Ēẽe `Ạea Ęæed Yŧ& zsw kởg ĒƠỠ` ĒƠb yèm dmẢz Ēỗea z~mea kỗz

yèg eĀk aạe Ēîw& edƠea pỒ fƠỠ ea odâ`d dèea fgìe zợ` zĀea `bm& `sea `ảx `÷ea jỏ`d

yợ yở g `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ yỂ agbm edẫe `mezbgec~%

7

Tîw jỲea eüz agbm zdúea @d÷b Yẻ+ Easwểe Nệed Odgìk< aðx xdạe agẠg xdðea dèea rsb dề zdỒea `ẠeangỀe&2>-2>->822& dzzx<--qqq%dmbxdsmeajm%ye%

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@â` ĒỒg zdỡ `Ảed z~bed zgỂk eĀea< `Ạea FẢ`d Dswềe& `â` `úea zw edọ fế ĒƠỠ ̀

zdèed fẫx z~ìe Ēỏb nèe z~me zƠƢea fbg%

PỲ rsẠe fû `ỡb edè eƠở` z~mea fħed yỲ ̀ `Ạea ngỀe%Eaèw >3-1->889& @dëed xdỡ Ēà nbe dèed Eadỏ Ēỏed pỒ 12->889-EĘ+@X yỂ

rsẠe fû `Ạea ngỀe yè fsỐea dèea dẠg% Zdcm edẫe Ēỏed `dsea `ỡb `â` `dswìe agb&

Eadỏ Ēỏed 12->889-EĘ+@X Ēà `ð zâ` Ēỗea zë`d `Ỳ` ĒỒg yở g `â` kằz dmẢz Ēỗea rsẠe

fû `Ạea ngỀe yè fsỐea dèea dẠg ờ eƠở ̀ zb? zẢm ĒƠỠ` `Ƣ pờ xdâx fû zdsẫe fỠg ĒỒg yở g

dmẢz Ēỗea rsẠe fû odbg zdâ` `Ạea ngỀe& xd÷ dỠ x yởg rsw Ēỏed `ỡb `â` ĒgỂs Ơở ̀ rsỒ`

zẽ `ð fgìe rsbe& aðx xdạe zdü` Ēầw zgẽe z~æed dỗg edẫx yở g dmẢz Ēỗea `ỡb `â` `Ạea

ngỀe zdẽ agở g%

Zsw edgìe& dgềe ebw& Eadỏ Ēỏed 12->889-EĘ+ @X Ēà nỗ` fỗ edgỂs nảz `ẫx&

zdgẽs `â` rsw Ēỏed yỂ rsẠe fû rsw dmẢ`d `Ạea ngỀe& Ēằz zìe `Ạea ngỀe& agâk pâz zdỲ`

dgềe rsw dmẢ`d& oẽ dmẢ`d Ēạs zƠ tîw jỲea `Ạea ngỀe& nẠm yề `Ạea ngỀe yè fsỐea

dèea dẠg&%%% Edửea rsw Ēỏed yỂ ygề` `dm zdsì odbg zdâ` zữea xdạe dmằ` zmèe nỗ oẽz

`ảs dẢ zạea nẽe `Ạea& `ạs `Ạea jm edè eƠở` Ēạs zƠ nẲea easỐe yỒe eaîe pâ`d edè

eƠở ̀ dmằ` `ð easỐe aỒ` zữ yỒe eaîe pâ`d edè eƠở` `ŧea nậz Ēạs nỗ` fỗ edgỂsyƠở ea kậ`& aîw odð `dm dmẢz Ēỗea `ỡb jmbed eadgềx% YỂ rsẠe fû zdỡ zợ` zès zdswỂe

yèm& ~ớ g `Ạea ngỀe& j÷ ĒƠỠ` Ēâed agâ fè Ēà zẢm ~b kỗz nƠở ̀ `Ạg `â`d fở e yỂ zdỡ zợ`

dèed `dëed ĒỒg yở g zès zdswỂe edẫx `Ạed& tsảz `Ạed& ĒƢe agẠe dðb `â` agảw zớ xdẠg

odbg nâm& eỗx `dm `â` `Ƣ rsbe rsẠe fû edè eƠở ̀ zẢg `Ạea ngỀe%%% edƠea z~mea rsâ

z~æed zdỲ` dgềe `dm zdảw `ạe zgẽx zợ` eadgìe `ủs `Ạg `â`d zdỡ zợ` zès zdswỂe yèm

`Ạea& ĒƢe agẠe dðb zdỡ zợ`& agảw zớ & ngỀs kắs? nồ psea `â` z~Ơớ ea dỠ x kgểe agẠk yè

`â` zès zdswỂe `úea yợ odúea `ạe zgẽe dèed zdỡ zợ`%%%28

Nìe `Ảed Ēð& `â` `Ạea ngỀe ờ Ygềz Ebk eðg `dsea yè kgỂe Nậ` eðg ~gìea&

`dỡ wẽs `Ảed z~bed zdcm `dgẽe fƠỠ ̀ agâ% Jm pỲ zdgẽs rsẠe fû `ỡb edè eƠở ̀ & dgềe zẢg&

kủ` agâ jỏ`d yợ kè `â` `Ạea ngỀe ĒƠb ~b tsỒea rsâ zdảx& odúea Ēỡ n÷ Ēậx `dm `â`

`dg xdë oged jmbed `ỡb jmbed eadgềx% NẠe zdîe agâ jỏ`d yợ `Ạea ngỀe Ygềz Ebk pm

yở g `â` `Ạea odâ` z~mea ods yỲ` dgềe ebw `ŧea ĒƠỠ` Ēâed agâ fè zdảx edảz% Z~mea

28 Pừb Ēồg Eadỏ Ēỏed 12 yỂ rsẠe fû `Ạea ngỀe yè fsỐea dèea dẠg< AỢ odð `dm jmbed eadgềx& YXB



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odg Ēð& Ēạs zƠ `ỡb `Ạea ngỀe ~ảz fở e& `ỗea yở g âx fỲ` z~Ạ fàg ybw eaîe dèea& odúea ëz

edè Ēạs zƠ Ēbea fm fậea yỂ odẠ eĀea dmèe z~Ạ yỒe ybw yè fèk pbm dmẢz Ēỗea `ð fàg

z~mea zæed dæed agâ jỏ`d yợ `Ạea ngỀe rsâ zdảx edƠ dgềe ebw%



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3:

@DƮƨEA GGG< KỔZ PỘ AGẮG XDÂX EÎEA @BM DGỉS RSẮ YẦE ZẮG

@MEZBGEC^ RSB @ẮEA @D×B YẶ& DẮG XDÞEA%

G% @dgẽe fƠỠ ̀ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ >828+ >8>8& Ēỏed dƠở ea >808%

Edæe `dsea& zdcm Rswẽz Ēỏed xdì jswềz `dg zgẽz edðk `Ạea ngỀe xdëb Nậ` Ēẽe

eĀk >8>8& Ēỏed dƠởea Ēẽe eĀk >808& 21:2-R+NAZYZ? dẢe `dẽ xdâz z~gỀe kờ

~ỗea `â` nẽe ods yỲ` z~ìe púea @ảk& z~mea Ēð `ð `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& zữea nƠở ̀ `dswỀe

Ēồg `úea eĀea zdcm rsw dmẢ`d `ỡb zdèed xdỒ% @Ạea pẻ `dệ Ēạs zƠ `dgỂs pîs ĒỀ odbg

zdâ` dgềs rsẠ `â` zès `ð z~ịea zẠg Ēẽe 28888 QZ% EĀea fỲ` zdúea rsb jỲ ogẽe yèm

eĀk >823 ĒẢz >0&9 z~gềs zảe-eĀk? Ēẽe eĀk >8>8 fè >8 z~gềs zảe-eĀk yè eĀk >808`þe 24 z~gềs zảe-eĀk%

YỂ rsw dmẢ`d xdâz z~gỀe fsỐea yèm `Ạea& jsw z~æ fsỐea& ĒẠk nẠm zès 28888

JQZ fỠ g jợea kỲ` eƠở ̀ ~b yèm `Ạea zdsẫe fỠ g%



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GG% AgẠg xdâx eîea `bm dgềs rsẠ yẫe zẠg `mezbgec~ rsb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& DẠg

Xdþea%

PQMZ

@Ƣ dỗg $M'<

+ Ts dƠởea `mezbgec~ dðb

+ PỲ Ēạs zƠ `ỡb `dëed xdỡ&

easỐe yỒe MB

+ PỲ xdợ` dỐg zĀea z~Ơờea

oged zẽ `Ạ eƠở`

Zdâ`d zdủ` $Z'<

+ PỲ `Ảed z~bed agửb `â`

`Ạea ngỀe

+ PỲ dẢe `dẽ `dsea z~mea

`úea zâ` rsẠe fû `Ạea ngỀe

`ỡb edè eƠở`

ĘgỀk kẢed $P'<

+ @Ạea `mezbgec~ fởe `ỡb

kgỂe nậ`

+ PỲ fgìe oẽz yởg `â` `Ạea

z~mea ods yỲ` kgỂe nậ`

+ @úea eadề dgềe ĒẢg

+ Pừ jợea dgềs rsẠ easỐe

yỒe& zds düz Ēạs zƠ xdâz z~gỀe

zdcm `dgỂs pîs edẲk eîea `bm

`dảz fƠỠea jỏ`d yợ

+ @dswìe kúe dðb eîea `bm

eĀea psảz

+ ZĀea `Ơớea `â` dmẢz Ēỗea

tü` zgẽe zdƠƢea kẢg& fgìe oẽz

`Ạea ngỀe

+ @ỡea `Ồ yỏ z~ë z~ìe zdỏ

z~Ơớea

+ Eîea `bm `dảz fƠỠea jỏ`d

yợ

+ XdẠe ủea edbed yởg edửea

zdbw Ēồg z~mea `dëed pâ`d

`ỡb `dëed xdỡ

ĘgỀk wẽs $Q'<

+ ĘgỂs ogềe zỲ edgìe

+ Rsw z~æed zdỡ zợ` xdủ`

zẢx

+ Zdgẽs fbm Ēỗea `dswìe

kúe

+ ZdỲ` dgềe `â` jỲ âe Ēạs zƠ

`Ạg zẢm& eîea `ảx%

+ Ęèm zẢm easỐe edîe fỲ` jèg

dẢe

+ Kged nẢ`d dðb zdỡ zợ`& zdỲ`

dgềe `Ƣ `dẽ kỗz `ỡb& kged

nẢ`d dðb agâ `Ơở` yẫe zẠg

+ @Ạg zdgềe zdỡ zợ` dèed

`dëed

+ @Ạg zồ fẢg `Ƣ `ảs fbm Ēỗea

zdcm dƠởea ĒƢe agẠe& dỠx fû&

dgềs rsẠ

+ Tîw jỲea `dëed rswỂe

`Ạea



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2% AgẠg xdâx yg kú%

2%2 % ZĀea `Ƹớ ea dmẢz Ēỗea Ēạs zƸ%

EdẲk xdợ` yợ eds `ạs fƠs zdúea dèea dðb eðg `dsea yè `mezbgec~ eðg ~gìea

rsb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& `ŧea edƠ eîea `bm dgềs rsẠ dmẢz Ēỗea pẠe tsảz& `Ạea fgìe zợ`

Ēạs zƠ z~bea zdgẽz nỏ& `Ƣ pờ dẢ zạea% Z~mea eĀk >82>& `Ạea zgẽx zợ` Ēầw edbed zgẽe

Ēỗ yè z~gỀe odbg `â` jỲ âe< `Ạg zẢm oẽz `ảs zỲb zạs nẽe 2&> yè nẽe xdợ Të eadgềx tẽx

jỢ @d÷b Yẻ? tîw jỲea nâm `âm JỲ âe oçm jèg nẽe @d÷b Yẻ yỂ xdëb zdƠỠea fƠs?

`dsầe nỏ z~gỀe odbg Ēạs zƠ odsea `ầs `mezbgec~& jỲ âe Ēạs zƠ tc eîea dèea^cb`dpzboc~ yè z~gỀe odbg zdỲ` dgềe eîea `ảx `îe 48 zảe @d÷b Yẻ%

m Ēằ` ĒgỀk zỲ edgìe `ỡb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ eðg ~gìea yè `ỡb `Ạ @Ạea DẠg Xdþea

eðg `dsea& `úea zâ` eẢm yçz fsỐea fẢ`d xdẠg Ēằ` ngềz ĒƠỠ ̀ `dü z~ịea Ēạs zƠ% Zdâea

22->822& Xdð Zdỡ zƠở ea Dmèea Z~sea DẠg Ēà agbm ỗ Agbm zdúea yẫe zẠg jswềz ĒỂ

âe eẢm yçz fsỐea FẢ`d Dswềe ĒỀ ĒẠk nẠm Ēỗ pîs 1&> k& Ēâx ủea odẠ eĀea Ēðe zès

z~ịea zẠg fở e zdcm zdgẽz oẽ yèm `Ạea% Xdð Zdỡ zƠởea `ŧea `dm xdçx ủea z~Ơở ̀ >88 zự

ĒỐea yỒe oẽ dmẢ`d eĀk >82> ĒỀ zdỲ` dgềe zdcm rsw Ēỏed jỲ âe dẢ zạea `ảx nâ`d

zdcm rsw Ēỏed% Nỗ Zèg `dëed& Oẽ dmẢ`d yè Ęạs zƠ zëed zmâe& `îe ĒỒg `ảx yỒe `dm jsw

zs& eẢm yçz ồe Ēỏed z~mea zdớ g agbe zgẽx zdcm%

Eamèg ~b& z~mea agbg ĒmẢe zở g& @dëed xdỡ `ŧea zgẽe dèed jỲ âe tîw kở g zswẽe

ĒƠớ ea pậz zữ `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ Ēẽe ods `úea eadgềx Ęæed Yŧ? ĒẢg zs& eîea `ảx 0&9 ok

ĒƠớ ea pậz `ŧ zữ ab DẠg Xdþea Ēẽe `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ%

Dgềe zẢg& zæed z~Ảea rsâ zẠg nàg fƠs dèea zẢg `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ eaèw `èea z~ờ eìe

eadgìk z~ịea odg kè pỒ fƠỠea `mezbgec~ tge fƠs odm& fƠs nàg zẢg `Ạea eaèw `èea

zĀea% Z~mea zdâea 3->828& fƠỠea `mezbgec~ dèea Ēúea fẢed edẫx yỂ yè fƠs nàg zẢg

`Ạea @d÷b Yẻ fìe Ēẽe aạe 2888 `dgẽ`% Zdcm Agâk ĒỒ` `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ Yŧ Ebk

Zdậea& zdæ `â` `mezbgec~ dèea Ēúea fẢed& xdạe fở e fè dèea zẢk edẫx yỂ Ygềz Ebk ĒỀ

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Ēẽe jƠởg 23 eaèw edƠea dgềe ebw pỒ `mezbgec~ Ēúea fẢed fƠs nàg zữ 23 Ēẽe 08 eaèw

fè 098 `dgẽ`& `þe dƢe 08 eaèw `ð 98 `dgẽ`% Z~Ơở` Ēîw& `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ nỒ z~ë ods yỲ`

^ yở g pủ` `dủb odmẠea :88 `úea+zce+eƢ ĒỀ tẽx dèea Ēúea fẢed& edƠea dgềe zẢg zmèe

nỗ `â` ods ^ ĒỂs Ēà `dẫz `ủea& eìe `Ạea Ēèed nỒ z~ë zdìk ods yỲ` N& C& yỒe fè `dố

ĒỀ tẽx dèea odú& zdẫk `dë zẫe jợea `Ạ ods tƠờea `Ƣ agởg yè ods zdâx eƠở` ĒỀ tẽx

dèea Ēúea fẢed% Z~mea odg Ēð& edgỂs jmbed eadgềx edẫx dèea Ēúea fẢed yắe zgẽx

zợ` tge ĒƠỠ ̀ yỂ `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& `þe odâ`d dèea `ð dèea zẢg `Ạea fẢg zgẽx zợ` ĒỂ eadỏ

zdìk zdớg agbe fƠs odm nàg22%

m Ēð TET @d÷b Yẻ `ŧea `ạe eîea `bm `Ƣ pờ dẢ zạea dề zdỒea odm nàg&

Ēâx ủea eds `ạs fƠs odm& fƠs nàg eaèw `èea `bm ĒỒg yởg `mezbgec~& Ēằ` ngềz fè `â``mezbgec~ fẢed% Yởg Ēằ` zd÷ zgìs zdợ Ēgềe& të eadgềx `ŧea `ạe zỲ `dỡ yỂ easỐe Ēgềe

`sea `ảx `dm dề zdỒea fèk fẢed z~mea odm `dủb `mezbgec~ fẢed& odg kè yèm eĀk

>887& `Ạea xdẠg zdsì > kâw xdâz Ēgềe `úea psảz fởe ĒỀ ĒẠk nẠm `sea `ảx Ēỡ Ēgềe

`dm odm `dủb eèw%

2%>% Xdâz z~gỀ e easỐ e edîe f Ỳ `%

Dgềe ebw @Ạea `ð dƢe 788 `âe nỗ `úea edîe ygìe z~mea Ēð xdạe fở e fè fbmĒỗea ebk `dgẽk dƢe 13#% FỲ` fƠỠea fbm Ēỗea xdmea xdü `ð edgỂs z~æed Ēỗ& odỒg

fbm Ēỗea zỲ` zgẽx z~ế dƢe odỒg fbm Ēỗea agâe zgẽx xd÷ dỠ x yởg ĒgỂs ogềe fèk ygề`% Ęỗ

zsồg næed rsîe `ỡb @Ạea fè :8 zsồg% ĘgỂs eèw `dƠb xd÷ dỠ x yởg Ēằ` zd÷ `úea ygề`

tẽx jỢ eằea edị`& kbea zëed `b oëx yæ yẫw yảe ĒỂ Ēằz ~b fè xdẠg z~ế dmâ fẢg fỲ` fƠỠ ea

fbm Ēỗea%

Eîea `bm `dảz fƠỠ ea fỲ` fƠỠea fbm Ēỗea yè dgềs rsẠ pừ jợea fbm Ēỗea fè kỗz

pủ` çx fởe% ĘỀ Ēâx ủea yảe ĒỂ eèw& dèea eĀk& të eadgềx Ēà zồ `dủ` Ēèm zẢm& eîea

`bm eĀea fỲ` pẠe tsảz& rsẠe fû `dm `âe nỗ `úea edîe ygìe% Z~mea eĀk >887& të

eadgềx Ēà zồ `dủ` `dm `âe nỗ `úea edîe ygìe `â` `dƠƢea z~æed Ēèm zẢm edƠ< nỐg

jƠỢ ea `dswìe kúe eadgềx yợ& dị` `dëed z~ỏ& dị` rsẠe fû `dswìe kúe eadgềx yợ

odâ`% @ð > dæed zdủ` fè Ēèm zẢm< zẢg `úea zw yè `ừ Ēg eƠở ̀ eamèg<

22 Rsâ zẠg nàg fƠs dèea zẢg `Ạea DẠg Xdþea& Nâm Edîe jîe& 02-3->828%



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/ Z~mea Ēð Ēèm zẢm zẢg `úea zw zdæ `ð Ēèm zẢm kởg yè Ēèm zẢm fẢg& nỐg jƠỢ ea

`dswìekúe eadgềx yợ eamẢg eaử `dm >>3 eaƠớ g& > fở x nỐg jƠỢ ea eamẢg eaử nậz

nsỗ` `dm 08 eaƠớ g%

/ Ęèm zẢm zẢg `â` z~Ơớ ea & `â` zồ `dủ` odâ` z~mea eƠở`< 23 eaƠớ g z~mea zdớ g

agbe > eĀk%

/ Ęg `úea zâ` ờ eƠở` eamèg $Ēg dị` rsẠe fû& `dswìe kúe& eadgềx yợ& Ēg jỲ

dỗg zdẠm& dị` zẫx& `úea zâ` odâ`'< :8 eaƠớ g%

Nìe `Ảed Ēð& të eadgềx `ŧea zồ `dủ` `â` `sỗ` zdg& jgểe zẫx `dm edîe ygìe

edƠ< jgểe zẫx xdþea `dâw `dửb `dâw yè be eged `Ạea ngỀe $eĀk >884'? dỗg zdg zbw

eadỂ agọg $22->822'& dỗg zdbm të eadgềx dèea eĀk% Odúea `dệ `â` `dƠƢea z~æed pẠe

tsảz& kè `â` `dƠƢea z~æed ysg `dƢg agẠg z~ë& yæ eaƠớ g eadäm&%%% @â` dmẢz Ēỗea odúea

`dệ edẫe ĒƠỠ ̀ pỲ rsbe zîk& ỡea dỗ `ỡb nbe fàed ĒẢm të eadgềx kè `þe `Ạ nbe fàed

ĒẢm @Ạea? rsb Ēð Ēà zdèed `úea zỒz Ēặx yè fè kỗz z~mea edửea dmẢz Ēỗea zged zdạe

odúea zdỀ zdgẽs `ỡb të eadgềx& agüx eîea `bm zbw eadỂ yè zẢm zged zdạe zdg Ēsb z~mea

zmèe të eadgềx%

Zsw edgìe& z~sea næed Ēỗ zsồg `âe nỗ `úea edîe ygìe z~mea të eadgềx fè

odmẠea :8 zsồg& Ēîw fè Ēỗ zsồg odâ fở e yè odúea zdë`d dỠ x yởg Ēằ` zd÷ `úea ygề` `dỡ

wẽs yỂ dmẢz Ēỗea tẽx jỢ & yẫe `dswỀe dèea dðb $Ēþg dọg xdẠg `ð pủ` odọc zỒz'% m Ēð&

yảe ĒỂ rsbe z~ịea ĒỒg yở g të eadgềx fè xdẠg z~ế dðb fỲ` fƠỠea fbm Ēỗea& nẲea `â`d

zĀea `Ơớ ea zswỀe jợea easỐe fbm Ēỗea z~ế& `ð `dẽ Ēỗ dỠ x fû odswẽe odë`d edîe

ygìe fở e zsồg& odúea Ēỡ eĀea fỲ` Ēâx ủea wìs `ạs `úea ygề` yỂ dƠs pở k% Të eadgềx&

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Xdþea&%%%%z~mea `â` `dƠƢea z~æed Ēèm zẢm& zẢm ĒgỂs ogềe `dm pged ygìe zdỲ` zẫx& fèk

ygề` zdỲ` zẽ zẢg `Ạea& yè nẲea edgỂs ngềe xdâx aậe oẽz pged ygìe yở g të eadgềx? rsb

Ēð& zswỀe jợea ĒƠỠ ̀ edửea pged ygìe `ð Ēỡ eĀea fỲ` fèk ygề`& Ēâx ủea wìs `ạs

eaèw `èea `bm `ỡb `úea ygề`%



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Yở g edửea `úea edîe fbm Ēỗea z~Ỳ` zgẽx& të eadgềx `ð zdỀ odswẽe odë`d dæed

zdủ` fbm Ēỗea zẢg `dố& zdcm Ēð& edửea edîe ygìe `ð oged eadgềk pẻ fè edửea eaƠớ g

zdạw z~Ỳ` zgẽx dƠở ea jắe& z~swỂe zdợ oged eadgềk `dm `â` edîe ygìe kở g%

2%0% K ờ ~ỗ ea dmẢz Ēỗ ea tü` zgẽe zdƸƢea kẢg%

Të eadgềx `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ Ēà `ừ edgỂs Ēmèe `úea zâ` Ēẽe `â` eƠở ̀ z~mea ods

yỲ` Ęúea Ebk Â yè `â` zệed zữ Nậ` yèm Ebk ĒỀ zæk ogẽk nẢe dèea& odẠm pâz Ēâed

agâ yè oû oẽz ĒƠỠ ̀ edgỂs dỠx ĒỐea yẫe `dswỀe& tẽx jỢ % @ð zdỀ eðg& dmẢz Ēỗea

kb~oczgea `ỡb jmbed eadgềx eaèw `èea ĒƠỠ ̀ `dü z~ịea yè eîea `bm `dảz fƠỠ ea& dgềs

rsẠ dmẢz Ēỗea% Zsw edgìe& ĒỀ dmẢz Ēỗea kb~oczgea `ỡb jmbed eadgềx zdẫz pỲ xdâz

z~gỀe nỂe yửea& të eadgềx `ạe zgẽe dèed kb~oczgea z~ìe edgỂs xdƠƢea zgềe& Ēằ` ngềz

z~ìe gezc~ecz% Dgềe zẢg& `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ yắe `dƠb tîw jỲea ĒƠỠ ̀ `dm kæed kỗz

qcnpgzc ~gìea& ĒgỂs kè `Ạea @âg Fîe dbw Zîe @Ạea Pèg Aþe& dbw aạe dƢe fè `Ạea

Ęæed Yŧ Ēà fèk yè fèk ~ảz zỒz% @â` zdúea zge yỂ zæed dæed dmẢz Ēỗea `ỡb të eadgềx&

yỂ `â` jỲ âe Ēạs zƠ xdâz z~gỀe&%%% yắe `dƠb ĒƠỠ ̀ `úea nỒ ~ỗea ~àg edẲk rsẠea nâ

dæed Ạed `ỡb të eadgềx% m Ēð& z~Ơở ̀ kậz& të eadgềx `ạe ĒƠb edgỂs zdúea zge dƢe yỂ

dmẢz Ēỗea `ỡb kæed z~ìe gezc~ecz& `ð zdỀ z~ìe z~bea qcn `ỡb @Ạea DẠg Xdþea& jạejạe zgẽe zở g tîw jỲea z~bea qcn `dswìe jợea ~gìea%

>%2%:% Eîea `bm `dảz fƠỠ ea jỏ`d yợ%

Dgềe ebw& `ð kỗz zæed z~Ảea `dsea z~mea dề zdỒea `Ạea ngỀe Ygềz Ebk& `Ạea

@d÷b Yẻ Ēbea zdcm Ēsồg `dgẽe fƠỠ ̀ agâ zdảx kè `dƠb `dü z~ịea Ēẽe `dảz fƠỠ ea jỏ`d

yợ% Z~mea edửea eĀk rsb @Ạea fsúe `Ồ aậea Ēồg kở g& ksb pậk z~bea Ēồg kở g z~bea

zdgẽz nỏ dgềe ĒẢg& eîea `bm eĀea fỲ` `ỡb Ēỗg eaŧ `âe nỗ `úea edîe ygìe xdợ` yợ eds

`ạs eaèw `èea `bm `ỡb odâ`d dèea& `ỡb zdỏ z~Ơớea edƠea yắe `þe kỗz pỒ yảe ĒỂ

edƠ< kỗz pỒ xdƠƢea zgềe zdgẽz nỏ Ēà `ŧ oỷ fẢ` dẫs& dmằ` odúea ĒỐea edảz `úea eadề

yở g edbs& kỗz pỒ `âe nỗ `úea edîe ygìe `þe ĒỀ zæed z~Ảea zgìs `Ỳ` tẠw ~b& jỲb jắk

zdgẽs eĀea Ēỗea& z~æed Ēỗ odúea Ēâx ủea ĒƠỠ ̀ wìs `ạs `ỡb odâ`d dèea fèk Ạed

dƠờea Ēẽe dæed Ạed `ỡb `úea zw% @âe nỗ rsẠe fû Ēúg odg `þe `dƠb Ēâx ủea ĒƠỠ ̀

wìs `ạs rsẠe fû& ĒgỂs dèed jắe Ēẽe dgềe zƠỠ ea zdữb zdgẽs `úea edîe% Ygề` xdỒg dỠ x

ogỀk z~b edảz fè ờ `â` ods yỲ` `dswỀe zẠg yè rsâ z~æed yẫe `dswỀe nẲea tè fbe `dƠb



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zỒz jắe zở g zự fề dbm dợz `þe `bm& yắe `þe zæed z~Ảea fèk pbg rsw z~æed tẽx jỢ aîw zồe

zdảz dèea dmâ `ỡb `dỡ dèea yè zdgềz dẢg `dm `Ạea%

>% AgẠg xdâx yħ kú%

>%2% Dmèe zdgề e dề zdỒ ea dẢ zạ ea agbm zdúea%

EdƠ Ēà xdîe zë`d ờ z~ìe& zæed z~Ảea rsâ zẠg agbm zdúea Ēà z~ờ zdèed yảe ĒỂ `Ạe

z~ờ `dm pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ& eîea `bm dẢ zạea agbm zdúea dgềe Ēbea fè

yảe ĒỂ `ảx nâ`d `dm pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb `Ạea eðg ~gìea yè @Ạea DẠg Xdþea eðg `dsea%

Ęằ` ngềz& kỗz z~mea edửea yảe ĒỂ `ạe Ēằz ~b fè Ēầw edbed zgẽe Ēỗ jỲ âe ĒƠớ ea `bm

zỒ` Dè Eỗg+ DẠg Xdþea& edbed `dðea tîw jỲea eüz agbm zdúea eaà nb Easwểe NæedOdgìk+ Ęæed Yŧ& edbed `dðea z~gỀe odbg jỲ âe eîea `ảx dề zdỒea ĒƠớ ea pậz zdsỗ`

zswẽe DẠg Xdþea+ Fèm @bg& DẠg Xdþea+ Dè Eỗg%

Zswẽe ĒƠớ ea `bm zỒ` Dè Eỗg+ DẠg Xdþea `ð zdỀ eðg fè zswẽe ĒƠớ ea rsbe

z~ịea agüx eîea `bm dgềs rsẠ fƠs zdúea dèea dðb agửb Dè Eỗg& DẠg Xdþea& yè kỗz

pỒ zệed odâ`% Zsw edgìe& jỲ âe Ēbea nỏ `dẫk zgẽe Ēỗ z~gỀe odbg jm edửea yƠở ea kậ`

z~mea odîs agẠg xdðea kằz nẲea ờ kỗz pỒ Ēỏb xdƠƢea% m Ēð& yảe ĒỂ z~Ơở ̀ kậz fè

`ạe zdâm aỢ edửea yƠở ea kậ` z~mea agẠg xdðea kằz nẲea% Eamèg ~b& Nỗ Agbm zdúea

Yẫe zẠg `ŧea `ạe ĒƠb ~b kủ` xdë dỠ x fû `÷ea edửea ngềe xdâx ogỀk z~b& rsẠe fû

ygề` yẫe `dswỀe dèea dðb z~ìe rsỒ` fỗ 3 edẲk dƠở ea `â` jmbed eadgềx yẫe zẠg pừ

jợea zswẽe ĒƠớ ea odg dmèe zdèed& z~âed edửea pbg fạk edƠ z~ìe zswẽe DỐ @dë

Kged+ Z~sea FƠƢea z~mea zdớ g agbe yữb rsb%

Pmea pmea yở g ygề` xdâz z~gỀe ĒƠớ ea nỗ& @dëed xdỡ `ŧea `ạe `ð edửea ngềe

xdâx edẲk xdâz z~gỀe dề zdỒea yẫe zẠg ĒƠớ ea pậz& yữb aðx xdạe agẠk zẠg `dm agbmzdúea ĒƠớ ea nỗ& yữb aðx xdạe dmèe zdgềe xdƠƢea zdủ` yẫe zẠg Ēb xdƠƢea zdủ` zẢg

Ygềz Ebk% Zdcm Nỗ Agbm zdúea Yẫe zẠg& Zồea `úea zw ĘƠớ ea pậz Ygềz Ebk Ēà dmèe

`dệed ĒỂ âe .Yẫe `dswỀe `mezbgec~ nẲea ĒƠớ ea pậz agẠk zẠg `dm ĒƠớ ea nỗ.% Zdcm

Ēð& fỗ z~æed zdỲ` dgềe ĒƠỠ` `dgb zdèed > agbg ĒmẢe% Z~mea Ēð& agbg ĒmẢe 2 $>82>+

>820'< tîw jỲea xdƠƢea âe zồ `dủ` yẫe `dswỀe `mezbgec~ rsâ zẠg yè `mezbgec~ :8!

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`â` zswẽe ĒƠớea eèw% Agbg ĒmẢe > $>82:+>823'& zgẽx zợ` zdỲ` dgềe `â` agẠg xdâx

eîea `bm eĀea fỲ` yẫe `dswỀe `mezbgec~& zồ `dủ` yẫe `dswỀe `mezbgec~ nẲea ĒƠớ ea

pậz dgềs rsẠ% Z~Ơở ̀ kậz pẻ zdỲ` dgềe ygề` `dswìe `dờ `mezbgec~ nẲea ĒƠớ ea pậz z~ìe

zswẽe DẠg Xdþea+ Fèm @bg yè DẠg Xdþea+ Wìe Ygìe $Agb Fîk& Dè Eỗg'%

Zồea `úea zw ĘƠớ ea pậz Ygềz Ebk jỲ zëed yở g kỗz Ēmèe zès dèea `dswìe

`dờ `mezbgec~ nẲea ĒƠớ ea pậz zữ ab Fèm @bg zở g ab DẠg Xdþea $yè eaƠỠ ̀ fẢg' pẻ fè 0>

ZCS $nbm aỐk 28 zmb `dờ `mezbgec~ >8! yè 9 zmb `dờ `mezbgec~ :8!'% m Ēð& kỗz

Ēmèe zès `dswìe `dờ `mezbgec~ pẻ zƠƢea ĒƠƢea yở g odmẠea >8 tc ú zú% Zồea `úea zw

ĘƠớ ea pậz Ygềz Ebk jỲ ogẽe z~mea eĀk >82>+>820& eaèed ĒẠk edẫe yẫe `dswỀe

odmẠea 08# `mezbgec~ eằea edẫx fmẢg :8! $288 `mezbgec~-eaèw' yè 28# `mezbgec~eằea edẫx fmẢg >8! $03 `mezbgec~-eaèw' zữ @Ạea DẠg Xdþea Ēg2>% Zsw edgìe& ĒỀ zdỲ`

dgềe ĒƠỠ` ĒgỂs eèw& `ạe `ð pỲ rsẠe fû `dằz `dẻ z~mea ygề` yẫe `dswỀe `mezbgec~

nẲea ĒƠớ ea nỗ%

>%>% Dmèe zdgề e `úea zâ` rsẠe fû edè eƸở` z~mea fħed yỲ ` `Ạ ea ngỀ e%

Eadỏ Ēỏed 12 `ỡb @dëed xdỡ& edƠ Ēà eðg ờ z~ìe& dgềe ebw odúea `þe xd÷ dỠ x

`dm `úea zâ` rsẠe fû `Ạea ngỀe% m Ēð& yảe ĒỂ `ảx zdgẽz dgềe ebw fè `ạe edbed`dðea tîw jỲea Eadỏ Ēỏed pừb Ēồg Eadỏ Ēỏed 12 `ỡb @dëed xdỡ edẲk zẢm ĒgỂs ogềe

dƢe eửb `dm jmbed eadgềx% Zdcm Ēð& `â` rsw Ēỏed odúea `þe xd÷ dỠ x pẻ ĒƠỠ ̀ pừb

Ēồg& rsw Ēỏed ~ó `â` yắe ĒỂ zdgẽs `ợ zdỀ& ĒgỂs `dệed `â` rsw Ēỏed `dỐea `dçm& nồ

psea zdìk `â` rsbe dề xdâx fû kở g xdâz pged% @ợ zdỀ& zdcm úea Z~ạe Zdbed Kged&

Xdð @ợ` z~Ơờ ea @ợ` Dèea dẠg Ygềz Ebk& jỲ zdẠm Eadỏ Ēỏed pẻ pừb Ēồg edửea rsw

Ēỏed tsea rsbed yảe ĒỂ rsw dmẢ`d xdâz z~gỀe `Ạea ngỀe? zồ `dủ` rsẠe fû odbg zdâ`

`Ạea ngỀe $nẽe `Ạea& `ạs `Ạea'? z~â`d edgềk rsẠe fû fsỐea dèea dẠg& z~mea Ēð `ð

fsỐea dèea dẠg zdsỗ` oẽz `ảs dẢ zạea `úea `ỗea `Ạea ngỀe? ủea jợea `úea eadề

zdúea zge z~mea odbg nâm zdỡ zợ` dèed `dëed zẢg `Ạea ngỀe yè kỗz pỒ rsw Ēỏed odâ`

`ạe ĒƠỠ ̀ pừb Ēồg xd÷ dỠ x%

@â` rsw Ēỏed yỂ `dm zdsì odbg zdâ` nẽe `Ạea& `ạs `Ạea ĒƠỠ` Ēạs zƠ nẲea yỒe

edè eƠở`? rsẠe fû& odbg zdâ` fsỐea dèea dẠg? jỏ`d yợ dmb zgìs dèea dẠg? nẠm ĒẠk be

2> ĘƠớ ea pậz yẫe `dswỀe `mezbgec~& agẠk zẠg ĒƠớ ea nỗ% YEB& >8-0->82>& qqq%kz%amy%ye

http://www.mt.gov.vn/




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zmèe dèea dẠg& be eged `Ạea ngỀe yè xdþea eaữb ú edgểk kúg z~Ơớea zữ dmẢz Ēỗea

dèea dẠg? zdỡ zợ` odbg nâm zès zdswỂe Ēẽe& ~ớg `Ạea ngỀe? zès zdswỂe eƠở` eamèg rsâ

`Ạed fàed zdồ Ygềz Ebk rsb púea ZgỂe Ēẽe @bkxs`dgb yè eaƠỠ` fẢg? z~â`d edgềk

`ỡb jmbed eadgềx `Ạea ngỀe? xdỒg dỠx rsẠe fû edè eƠở` `dswìe eaèed zẢg `Ạea

ngỀe%%% `ŧea pẻ ĒƠỠ` rsw Ēỏed `ợ zdỀ dƢe% Ęằ` ngềz& edửea `dỐea `dçm z~mea ygề`

agẠg rswẽz zdỡ zợ` zès zdswỂe Ygềz Ebk dmẢz Ēỗea z~mea eƠở` odg yèm& ~ớg `Ạea ngỀe?

fẫx yè z~gỀe odbg oẽ dmẢ`d ĒgỂs Ēỗea zès `ỡb `Ạea yợ dèea dẠg? ygề` zdbed z~b& ogỀk

z~b& agâk pâz& agâk dỗ& agâk rsẠe ĒỒg yởg dmẢz Ēỗea dèea dẠg zẢg `Ạea ngỀe pẻ ĒƠỠ`

ĒgỂs `dệed xd÷ dỠx% @ŧea zdcm úea Kged& Ỳ zdẠm Eadỏ Ēỏed pẻ nồ psea eỗg jsea

rsẠe fû edè eƠở` yỂ `Ạea ngỀe yè fsỐea dèea dẠg& zdsì odbg zdâ` nẽe `Ạea& `ạs `Ạea ngỀe ĒƠỠ` Ēạs zƠ nẲea yỒe edè eƠở`? zdỡ zợ` odbg nâm ĒỒg yởg zès zdswỂe Ygềz Ebk

$odúea xdẠg fè zès ngỀe' dmẢz Ēỗea z~mea eƠở` odg yèm& ~ớg `Ạea ngỀe? Ēạs zƠ& tîw

jỲea yè ĒƠb yèm pừ jợea `Ạea& nẽe zdỡw eỗg Ēỏb& `Ạea `â z~mea y÷ea eƠở` `Ạea

ngỀe%%%20

>%0% Eîea `bm ybg z~þ `ỡ b dgề x dỗg `Ạ ea ngỀ e Ygề z Ebk+ YXB%

YXB `ạe eîea `bm dƢe eửb ybg z~þ `ỡb kæed z~mea ygề` xdỒg dỠx agửb `â``Ạea z~mea Dgềx dỗg `dằz `dế dƢe& eabw `Ạ z~mea fgìe oẽz Ēạs zƠ edẲk `÷ea edbs yæ

kỗz kợ` zgìs `dsea fè xdâz z~gỀe ồe Ēỏed yè nỂe yửea% Dgềx dỗg `ạe zdƠớea tswìe

xdỒg dỠx yởg `â` ĒƢe yỏ `ð `dủ` eĀea kờ `â` fởx zẫx dsảe dmằ` Ēèm zẢm eaậe yè jèg

dẢe `dm Ēỗg eaŧ rsẠe fû yè fỲ` fƠỠea fbm Ēỗea z~mea odỒg `Ạea zgẽx `ẫe oỏx zdớg yởg

edửea zdbw Ēồg kởg yè eîea `bm z~æed Ēỗ odbg zdâ` `Ạea eaèw `èea zỒz dƢe& z~mea Ēð

Ēằ` ngềz Ēèm zẢm eadgềx yợ yỂ jỏ`d yợ fmag`zg`% Dgềe ebw& kủ` agâ zẢg dề zdỒea `Ạea

kgỂe ậ` kbea zëed zỲ xdâz& `â` jmbed eadgềx zỲ kæed ĒƠb ~b kủ` agâ ~gìea% PỲzdgẽs zdỒea edảz `dsea jắe Ēẽe psw agẠk fỠg edsẫe& zdẫk `dë fè fố `ỡb odúea `dệ

ĒỒg yởg `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ kè `þe edgỂs `Ạea odâ` z~mea ods yỲ`% m Ēð& nìe `Ảed `â`

rsw Ēỏed `ỡb @dëed xdỡ& YXB `ŧea `ạe agử ybg z~þ ĒgỂs zgẽz agâ jỏ`d yợ `Ạea ngỀe

kỗz `â`d dỠx fû& z~âed zæed z~Ảea `Ảed z~bed odúea fèed kẢed agửb `â` `âea ngỀe%

20 Pừb Ēồg Eadỏ Ēỏed 12 yỂ rsẠe fû `Ạea ngỀe yè fsỐea dèea dẠg< AỢ odð `dm jmbed eadgềx& YXB



90

90

>%:% Rsw dmẢ `d tîw j Ỳ ea z~sea zîk fmagpzg` `dm ods yỲ ` kgỂ e nậ `%

Z~ìe zdỲ` zẽ& `â` jmbed eadgềx `sea ủea jỏ`d yợ fmagpzg`p yè `â` edè odbg

zdâ` `Ạea ngỀe odúea `ð pỲ xdợ zdsỗ` edbs yỂ kằz zồ `dủ`& `Ƣ `ảs% Zsw edgìe& `â`

dmẢz Ēỗea jỏ`d yợ fmagpzg`p yè `â` dmẢz Ēỗea nỒ` tẽx dèea dðb zẢg `Ạea ngỀe fẢg `ð

rsbe dề dửs `Ƣ& `dằz `dẻ% m Ēð dmẢz Ēỗea `ỡb `â` jmbed eadgềx z~ìe `ð rsbe dề

`dằz `dẻ yởg edbs%

Dgềe ebw& `â` jmbed eadgềx dmẢz Ēỗea yỂ fħed yỲ` fmagpzg`p `ỡb zệed eðg ~gìea

yè `Ạ eƠở` eðg `dsea yắe `þe wẽs yè zdgẽs% Rsw kú `ỡb `â` edè `sea `ảx jỏ`d yợ

fmagpzg`p Ygềz Ebk `þe edọ nç% @â` `úea zw fmagpzg`p `ỡb Ygềz Ebk `dỡ wẽs fè fèk

ĒẢg fû `dm `â` `úea zw fởe tswìe rsỒ` agb `ỡb eƠở` eamèg dmằ` `dệ kởg zdỲ` dgềe

zữea `úea ĒmẢe `ỡb rsâ z~æed dmẢz Ēỗea fmagpzg`p% EĀea fỲ` `sea `ảx jỏ`d yợ

fmagpzg`p ‖z~ịe aðg‛ `þe edgỂs dẢe `dẽ& dạs edƠ odúea `ð kỗz edè `sea `ảx jỏ`d yợ

fmagpzg`p eèm `ð odẠ eĀea `sea `ảx jỏ`d yợ yẫe `dswỀe tswìe psỒz z~ìe zmèe fàed

zdồ Ygềz Ebk oẽz eỒg yởg zdỏ z~Ơớea rsỒ` zẽ yởg `dg xdë `Ảed z~bed kè xdẠg rsb `â`

edè `sea `ảx jỏ`d yợ `ỡb zữea `dằea% Zdìk yèm Ēð& jỏ`d yợ fmagpzg`p eỗg Ēỏb `dƠb

ĒƠỠ` `dü z~ịea xdâz z~gỀe& `dảz fƠỠea jỏ`d yợ `dƠb `bm%

Z~mea odg Ēð& ờ `â` eƠở` `dîs Îs `ð edửea z~sea zîk `dswìe yỂ jỏ`d yợ

fmagpzg`p ĒỀ zds düz odâ`d dèea ĒƠb dèea yỂ `Ạea% Ęằ` ngềz& `â` jmbed eadgềx dmẢz

Ēỗea z~mea fħed yỲ` eèw odúea `Ảed z~bed yỂ agâ kè `dệ `Ảed z~bed nẲea ygề` eîea

`bm `dảz fƠỠea jỏ`d yợ edƠ< Ēạs zƠ yỂ rsw kú& eîea `bm eĀea fỲ` `dm Ēỗg eaŧ rsẠe

fû yè easỐe edîe fỲ` `dswìe kúe pîs% ZẢg `â` z~sea zîk& `â` `Ạea ĒỂs `ð zồ `dủ`

rsẠe fû zdỒea edảz dmẢz Ēỗea fmagpzg`p% Ęîw fè yảe ĒỂ `ạe fèk eabw `ỡb ods yỲ`

kgỂe ậ`& fè ĒgỂs ogềe `ạe zdgẽz `dm pỲ xdâz z~gỀe%

>%>%3% Tîw jỲea `dëed rswỂe `Ạea%

@dëed rswỂe `Ạea fè kỗz zồ `dủ` ĒƠỠ` tîw jỲea xdồ ngẽe zẢg `â` rsỒ` agb `ð

dề zdỒea `Ạea ngỀe xdâz z~gỀe edẲk tîw jỲea dề zdỒea rsẠe fû dmẢz Ēỗea odbg zdâ`

`Ạea ngỀe kỗz `â`d `ð dgềs rsẠ% @dëed rswỂe `Ạea fè zồ `dủ` edè eƠở`& zdsỗ` `dëed

rswỂe zdèed xdỒ& `ð ybg z~þ edƠ kỗz `Ƣ rsbe jỏ`d yợ `úea& dmẢz Ēỗea oged jmbed

zdcm `Ƣ `dẽ zdỏ z~Ơớea& jƠởg pỲ agâk pâz `ỡb be agâk pâz% Kú dæed dmẢz Ēỗea `ỡb



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9:

`dëed rswỂe `Ạea zdcm ogỀs `dỡ `Ạea $Fbejfm~j Xm~zp'< Edè eƠở` pờ dửs& Ēạs zƠ

tîw jỲea `Ạea yè `â` `úea z~æed dẢ zạea xdợ` yợ `Ạea $fsỐea dèea dẠg yè dề zdỒea

YZP& ĒƠớea yèm `Ạea&…'? `â` `úea zw zƠ edîe Ēảs zdạs odbg zdâ` rsẠe fû `Ạea yè

Ēạs zƠ `â` `úea z~æed z~ìe `Ạea $edè yĀe xdþea& odm nàg& zdgẽz nỏ nỒ` tẽx zẢg nẽe yè

nàg& `â` zdgẽz nỏ odâ` xdợ` yợ `dm dmẢz Ēỗea `ỡb `Ạea'2:% @dëed rswỂe zdèed xdỒ

`sea `ảx oged xdë Ēạs zƠ tîw jỲea `Ƣ pờ dẢ zạea `Ạea ngỀe& fsỐea dèea dẠg& jsw zs

nẠm jƠỢea `Ƣ pờ dẢ zạea `Ạea ngỀe&%%%% @dëed rswỂe `Ạea `dỏs z~â`d edgềk zmèe nỗ

`â` wìs `ạs yỂ `Ƣ pờ dẢ zạea agbm zdúea yè dẢ zạea oỷ zdsẫz z~mea y÷ea `Ạea nẠm

ĒẠk `dm dmẢz Ēỗea zgẽx edẫe zès yè yẫe `dswỀe dèea dðb? oẽz eỒg yởg kẢea agbm

zdúea yè kẢea dẢ zạea oỷ zdsẫz `dsea `ỡb rsỒ` agb? nẠm ĒẠk kịg yảe ĒỂ fgìe rsbeĒẽe kúg z~Ơớea% @dëed rswỂe Ēỏb xdƠƢea `ð zdỀ rswẽz Ēỏed kỗz pỒ oẽ dmẢ`d xdâz

z~gỀe kờ ~ỗea& `Ạg zẢm fởe yè @dëed rswỂe `Ạea zdỲ` zdg oẽ dmẢ`d Ēð% @dëed rswỂe

`Ạea `ð zdỀ zỲ kæed zdỲ` dgềe kỗz pỒ oẽ dmẢ`d Ēạs zƠ& `Ạg zẢm yữb yè edọ%

Yởg edửea Ơs ĒgỀk oỀ z~ìe& kú dæed `dëed rswỂe `Ạea Ēbea ĒƠỠ` ĒỂ tsảz

tîw jỲea zdë ĒgỀk zẢg è ^ỏb + Yŧea Zès& yè z~mea zƠƢea fbg odúea tb& pẻ z~ờ zdèed

kú dæed ogỀs kắs `dm pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb `Ạea ngỀe Ygềz Ebk% be fàed ĒẢm të

eadgềx `ạe `ð edửea nƠở` `dsầe nỏ ĒỀ `ð zdỀ zdcm oỏx yởg pỲ zdbw Ēồg oỀ z~ìe%

2: Zdcm Zdèed fẫx z~sea zîk fmagpzg`p< Eîea `bm agâ z~ỏ `dm dề zdỒea `Ạea ngỀe& qqq%yxb%m~a%ye

http://www.vpa.org.vn/





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Oẽz fsẫeFè kỗz z~mea edửea `ừb eaó fƠs zdúea rsbe z~ịea `ỡb `Ạ eƠở ̀ & `÷ea yở g

@Ạea DẠg Xdþea& `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ Ēà yè Ēbea Ēðea aðx yèm pỲ xdâz z~gỀe oged zẽ `ỡb

kgỂe Nậ` eðg ~gìea yè Ygềz Ebk eðg `dsea% Zsw edgìe& z~mea nỒg `Ạed dỗg edẫx

oged zẽ rsỒ` zẽ eaèw `èea pîs ~ỗea kè oçm zdcm Ēð fè pỲ zĀea fìe edbed `dðea `ỡb

fƠỠea dèea dðb fƠs zdúea rsb `Ạea& `÷ea yởg Ēð fè rsâ z~æed .`mezbgec~ dðb. eaèw

`èea z~ờ eìe kẢed kẻ& `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ+ yởg zƠ `â`d fè kỗz z~mea edửea `Ạea

`mezbgec~ fở e edảz `Ạ eƠở` jƠớea edƠ `dƠb zdcm oỏx pỲ xdâz z~gỀe Ēð% Yở g edửea

wẽs oçk `Ạ yỂ `Ƣ pờ yẫz `dảz fắe `úea zâ` rsẠe fû `ỡb odúea `dệ nẠe zdîe `Ạea

@d÷b Yẻ kè `þe `Ạ z~mea rsw dmẢ`d `ỡb edè eƠở`& Ēà `Ạe z~ờ odúea edọ Ēẽe pỲ

xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb @Ạea DẠg Xdþea `ŧea edƠ Ạed dƠờea Ēẽe pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb Ēảz eƠở ̀ %

Z~mea nèg eadgìe `ủs Ēà ĒƠb ~b zdỲ` z~Ảea& `dệ ~b ĒgỀk kẢed& ĒgỀk wẽs `ŧea edƠ `Ƣ

dỗg& zdâ`d zdủ` ĒỒg yở g `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ yè ĒƠb ~b kỗz pỒ agẠg xdâx edẲk odậ` xdợ`

kỗz pỒ dẢe `dẽ zữ xdëb të eadgềx% Nìe `Ảed Ēð& nèg eadgìe `ủs `ŧea tge ĒƠb ~b kỗz

pỒ agẠg xdâx `dm edè eƠở ̀ edẲk xdâz z~gỀe `Ạea ngỀe eðg `dsea& edửea agẠg xdâx Ēð

`ŧea `ð edửea zâ` Ēỗea Ēâea oỀ Ēẽe pỲ xdâz z~gỀe `ỡb `Ạea @d÷b Yẻ% Zsw edgìe&

yởg ĒgỂs ogềe dẢe `dẽ yỂ zdớ g agbe& ogẽe zdủ` yè odẠ eĀea `ỡb nẠe zdîe& ĒỂ zèg odúeaz~âed odọg edửea zdgẽs pðz edảz Ēỏed% ^ảz kmea ĒƠỠ ̀ pỲ `dệ nẠm `ỡb zdạw `ú ĒỀ ĒỂ

zèg dmèe zdgềe dƢe%



99

Zèg fgềs zdbk odẠm

+ Agâm z~æed< yẫe zẠg yè agbm edẫe z~mea dmẢz Ēỗea eamẢg zdƠƢea& D EamẢg ZdƠƢea%

+ Rsâ zẠg nàg fƠs dèea zẢg `Ạea DẠg Xdþea& Nâm Edîe jîe& 02-3->828%

+ Tîw jỲea eüz agbm zdúea @d÷b Yẻ+ Easwểe ệed Odgìk< aðx xdạe agẠg xdðea

dèea rsb dề zdỒea `Ạea ngỀe&2>-2>->822& dzzx<--qqq%dmbxdsmeajm%ye

+ DẠg Xdþea< dề zdỒea `Ạea Ēbea jạe dmèe zdgềe% >8-89->822& qqq%nbmkmg%`mk%

+ ZĀea eĀea fỲ` yẫe zẠg `mezbgec~ nẲea ĒƠớea pậz pẻ agẠk zẠg `dm ĒƠớea nỗ& âm

ĒƠớea pậz

+ Ạea Ēâed agâ zæed dæed pẠe tsảz oged jmbed `ỡb TET @d÷b Yẻ eĀk >828%

+ qqq%ygebkb~gec%amy%ye

+ qqq%dbgxdmeaxm~z%`mk

+qqq%yxb%m~a%ye

+qqq%kz%amy%ye










[YRC] Nâng cao hiệu quả công tác quản lý và xếp dỡ container qua cảng Chùa Vẽ, Hải Phòng

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