Youth Employment crisis 2013 A generation at risk – Time for Action Marta Makhoul International Labour Office for the EU and the Benelux countries
Feb 23, 2016
Youth Employment crisis 2013A generation at risk – Time for Action
Marta MakhoulInternational Labour Office for the EU and the Benelux countries
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A lost generation?
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In 2012…
75 million young people are unemployed worldwide Globally young people are on average nearly three times more likely than adults
to be unemployed Four out of every ten unemployed worldwide is a young women or man Over 1.2 billion people in the world between 15 and 24 years of age 40 % of the world's unemployed are young people…. BUT…
But…
Facts on youth employment crisis
An unprecedented youth employment crisis…
Facts on youth employment crisis 4
Inequalities, insecurity and vulnerability are rising
Quality of jobs available for youth is declining
Underemployment and poverty for youth is on the rise
Young workers are disproportionately represented
in low-paid work
Most young workers in developing countries are in the
informal economy.
Temporary employment and lack of permanent employment for youth is rising
More insecure and slower transition from school to work
Risk of SOCIAL UNREST
Youth are increasingly discouraged than other age groups.
….Unemployment is only the tip of the iceberg
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Global youth unemployment and unemployment rate, 1991-2013
Source: ILO, Trends Econometric Models, February 2013.
Global and regional youth unemployment
Global youth and adult unemployment rate 6
Global youth and adult unemployment from 1991-2013
7Youth unemployment rates in the EU
European Union Youth unemployment rates (%), from 2000 2013
8Young people not in employment and not in any education or training
NEET rates in the EU
9Consequences of youth unemployment
Consequences of youth unemployment
Effects more severe for youth entering the workforce with education level below tertiary levelConsequences
of youth unemployment
Youth are increasingly employed in non-standard jobs, including temporary employment and part-time work
Raise risk of future unemployment and/or protracted period of unstable employment
Valuable work experience is not acquired and professional skills may erode
Is likely to result in wage scars that continue to depress employment and earnings prospects
Is likely to become more serious the longer youth unemployment crisis continues
Youth labour markets in developing economies 10
Youth labour markets in developing economies
Developing regions face major youth employment challenges and large variations in extent and development of youth unemployment
Large numbers of young people not achieving full economic potential Unemployed In irregular employment (informal sector) Neither in labour force nor in education/training
quality of workIn countries with high poverty levels and high shares of vulnerable employment, youth employment challenge is as much a problem of poor employment quality as one of unemployment
Young workers often receive below average wages and are engaged in work for which either overqualified or underqualified
Youth labour markets in developing economies 11
• Labour markets in developing economies do not look like those in developed economies
• Abundance of labour
• Scarcity of capital
• Duality between dominant traditional economies and “modern” economies
• Irregular nature of employment
• Leave education early
• Lack of social protection
• Different type of measurement needed
Youth labour markets in developing economies
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The Call for action focuses on five policy areas:
1. employment and economic policies to increase aggregate demand and improve access to finance;
2. education and training to ease the school-to-work transition; 3. labour market policies to target employment of disadvantaged
youth; 4. entrepreneurship and self-employment to assist potential young
entrepreneurs; and 5. labour rights that are based on international labour standards to
ensure that young people receive equal treatment.
ILO’s response to the youth employment crisis: 2012 ILC Resolution
ILO’s response to the youth employment crisis: The 2012 ILC Resolution “The Youth Employment Crisis: A call for action” and its follow-up plan
ILO youth employment programme 13
Knowledge building Advocacy and promotion of decent work for youth Technical assistance
The ILO youth employment programme
Policies for youth employment 14
• Policy measures should be balanced and adapted to country-specific needs
ILO Active Labour Market Policies: What works for youth?
Comprehensive packages of labour market measures targeting specific
groups of young peopleBalanced strategies for growth and job creation
Bipartite and tripartite cooperation
Multiple services for entrepreneurship, social enterprises
and cooperatives development
Platforms for exchanging knowledge and lessons of what works
Employment services
Apprenticeships, skills training and other work-training programmes
Targeted youth employment action through tripartite consensus and time-bound action plans
Policiy measures
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Sweden tackles youth unemployment through jobs guarantees
It's not easy being a young jobseeker today. With nearly 74 million young people worldwide unemployed, youth guarantees programmes help keep youth connected
to the labour market by boosting skills and giving them support to find jobs.
http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/multimedia/video/video-news-releases/WCMS_212957/lang--
en/index.htm
Best-practice example
Best-practice example: youth guarantee in Sweden
Thank you for your attention
http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/youth-employment/lang--en/index.htm http://www.ilo.org/ilc/ILCSessions/101stSession/texts-adopted/WCMS_185950/lang--en/index.htm
More info:http://ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/global-employment-trends/youth/2013/lang--en/index.htm