Your Window to the Chinese Nuclear Market

Cameco Fuel Manufacturing Inc. Zirconium, Tubing & Reactor Components

200 Dorset Street East, Port Hope Ontario, Canada L1A 3V4

For more information please contact us:

Cameco Fuel Manufacturing (CFM) is a leading supplier of Fuel Assemblies and Reactor Components for the

nuclear industry. Our rigorous commitment to high quality standards combined with more than 50 years of experience and unique capabilities makes Cameco Fuel Manufacturing

the Supplier of Choice in the global nuclear industry.

4 Contents

© Dynatom is a trademark of Dynabond Powertech Service Co., Ltd.

08

10

18

24

27

34

87

39

26

33

424548

EDITORS / 编辑Arnaud Lefevre-Baril / 百力Bessie Wang / 王文贝 Evelyn Qiao / 乔兵双 Augusto Trevisani / 奥古斯托

NEWS / 新闻Capry Liu / 刘丹丹

TECHNICAL ARTICLE / 科技文章Elaine Li / 李益楠

EVENTS / 展会会议Anna Liu / 刘晓燕

DESIGNER / 设计师Cui Design / 鹏恒钰锦公司

DYNABOND POWERTECH SERVICE / 代邦核讯联系方式Room 1509, Zhongyu Plaza, A6 Gongti North Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China

PHONE / 电话+86-10-64681222

FAX / 传真+86-10-64654957

EMAIL / 邮箱[email protected]

WEBSITE / 网站www.dynabondpowertech.com

Disclaimer

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the permission of its editors and/or its sources

EDITORIAL STAFF / 编辑团队

CONTENTS

Interviews

News

Nuclear Glossary

Highlights of the Month

Company NewsInternational Cooperation

NPP News

Hon. Sir Michael Kadoorie and Daya Bay NPP

Interview with Jean-Claude Prenez, President of PFCE

Interview with Pierre Yves CORDIERNuclear Counselor at the French Embassy in China

Areva in China

Renewed HAF 601 Certifications

The 12th Five-Year Plan and the 2020 Long-Term Goal for Nuclear Safety and Prevention and Treatment of

Radioactive Pollution

L-3 MAPPS: COMPACT I/O Solutions

New Regulation

Technical Article

Certifications

Events Calendar

Editorial5

International Cooperation

NPP News

That happened in November:

Seven Keys to SuccessIn 2013, China and France will complete their first thirty years of cooperation in the use of nuclear power. This anniversary follows the signature of the tripartite cooperation agreement on a mid-size Gen 3 reactor between Areva, EDF and CGNPC on October 19.

These thirty years of cooperation relied on strong support from the French government, its utility (EDF), its manufacturing companies(Areva,Alstom) and the French industry in general symbolized by the France-China Electricity Partnership (PFCE).

During the thirty years following the first cooperation agreement, French industry has established a strong localization with solid partners in China, both countries organized numerous technical seminars, shared laboratories, and finally both countries will soon promote a common technology and investment abroad. In December 2009, Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang and French Prime Minister, François Fillon, discussed future cooperation between the two countries, on nuclear fuel reprocessing, personnel training and research on Gen 4. A few weeks ago, Premier Wen Jiabao restated to President François Hollande the importance of this strategic partnership between the countries.

We will describe seven keys of this success in China.

November 22, 1982, the first milestoneIn 1982, the CEA signed a cooperation framework with the Chinese Ministry of Nuclear. One year later, EDF, China Light and Power, and Guangdong Nuclear Power Joint Venture Company started the Daya Bay project, and in 1994 Premier Li Peng inaugurated Daya Bay NPP.

At that time, China was not the market we see today, and France was the only country that took the risk to share a sensitive technology with China. This strategy to import the French expertise in the long term is tangible and can be perceived today in various fields of the nuclear market. Let’s just name a few examples:

• Daya Bay: Construction of the first 900 MW nuclear power plant.

• Areva--Dongfang: The first Joint Venture for the primary pump with DEC.

• AFCEN: Regular seminars on Nuclear Safety, standards, codes and qualification.

• EDF: The first western Investor in a nuclear power plant as an operator.

• IFCEN: Set up of the first Sino-foreign nuclear engineering institute in Zhuhai.

• ACPP: The first nuclear company localized in Taishan Green Area.

• WECAN: The first engineering company involving Areva and CGNPC.

• CANBERRA: The first company to provide equipment and service of nuclear detection, radiation measurement and nuclear security with the China Institute of Atomic Energy.

• Onet Technologies: The first company to sign an agreement with CNPEC that covered Europe and China, for the decommissioning of nuclear installations, decontamination and nuclear waste treatment.

Key 1: Due to the sensitive nature of nuclear power, the government directly encourages its nuclear industry to lead the path in the cooperation in various fields.

Daya Bay: a mutual benefit for the French and Chinese industriesThe training of engineers at EDF for the Daya Bay project and the transfer of expertise to CGNPC reinforced the expansion of the French codes, qualification and standards in China as well as the promotion of the French safety and operation references.

The involvement of the French industry in China is firstly measured by the number of HAF 604 certifications (33%) granted by the safety authority (against 20% to US companies and 17% for German companies). Most of the nuclear power plants being built in China, including the AP1000 and VVER, import French equipment and components.

In that regard, the PFCE is very active in the promotion of codes, standards, and qualification. For example, in March this year, the China Nuclear Energy Association and EDF hosted the Sino-French Seminar on Nuclear Equipment Manufacturing Quality Surveillance in Beijing (1) with the participation of AREVA and PFCE.

PFCE members localized their equipment to support the Chinese Nuclear Program. In 2009, the delegations of PFCE and GIIN (French Nuclear Industry Association) visited Haiyan (Zhejiang Province), where the biggest nuclear industrial park in China was being built. The delegation signed a Letter of Intent for promoting cooperation in nuclear related industries with the local government. In 2011 PFCE signed a tripartite agreement with Taishan Municipality and CGNPC.

Key 2: Various industry associations exist, including: Nuclear Suppliers Group (USA), the Nuclear Industry Association (UK), Organization of Canadian Nuclear Industry (OCI), Spanish Nuclear Group (Spain), and Finnuclear (Finland). None of these signed a strategic agreement or had partnership with the industrial parks, therefore cannot understand the local demand. Their members will rely on their sales forces or international biddings. The foundation of a dedicated association to the Chinese market will generate synergies between the members and the domestic industry. Upstream, the training on Codes, Qualification and Standards is essential to promote the industry.

Arnaud Lefevre

Editorial 6

EDF in China: committed to partnershipMr. Jean-Claude Prenez will explain in this edition the involvement of PFCE and EDF in China, from Daya Bay to Taishan.

Beside its investments in Taishan, EDF’s work is reviewing the qualification of local suppliers.In parallel EDF is supporting the PFCE (Partenariat France Chine Electricité).

Furthermore, EDF twins its plants with the Chinese counterparts, such as CGNPC Hongyanhe and CIVAUX, to strengthen international cooperation and improve the management capacity for its units operations effectively.

Areva in China: a technology provider and major fuel supplierThe relations between Framatome, (later Areva) and China illustrate the industrial success. Areva is involved in China in the fuel cycle, reactor design, key element manufacturing and supply chain assessment.

This special relat ionship is direct ly marked at the top management of CNNC and CGNPC:

1.In the nineties Jean-Claude Leny, former president of Framatome, kept strong relations with Wu Yi and Jiang Zemin.

2.In 2011, the meeting in Hong Kong between He Yu and Luc Oursel illustrated the scope of cooperation such as in uranium exploration, promotion of the phase two of Taishan nuclear power project and research on new nuclear reactors.

3.In February this year Mr. Lv Huaxiang, Deputy General Manager of China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), met Senior Executive Vice-President of Areva, Mr. Philippe Samama, to consider other fields of interest such as DCS cooperation, and talked with Mr. Yang Changli, Vice General Manager of CNNC, and Mr. RémyAutebert, Vice President of Areva in June.

Ambitious transfers of technology: The construction of the heavy component facility of Nansha. The objective of Nansha facility is to build heavy components from the main primary system of a nuclear steam supply system. The facility, based on the standards of the facility of Chalon/Saint-Marcel is designed to manufacture two complete nuclear steam supply system per year during its first years of operation.

Nansha is a symbol of successful localization because since 1978 many Chinese leaders visited the Chalon/Saint-Marcel plant such as Ku Ming (Vice Minister in Charge of the Plan), Wang Quanguo (President of GNPJVC), and Zhu Rongji. This facility was targeted as a key project in the Chinese market.

In terms of technical support, we can refer to two cases, in Nuclear Safety and Fuel Technology.

Mr. Dai Zhonghua, Assistant to the General Manager of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Operations and Management Co., Ltd. (DNMC), was invited to Munich a few months ago to attend the “Safety Alliance” program, developed by Areva after the Fukushima disaster to help utilities demonstrate and upgrade the safety of their nuclear plant fleets.

And in July 2012, CGNPC Uranium Resources Co., Ltd. signed a Nuclear Fuel Technology Support Agreement with Areva to

provide technology support for nuclear fuel for CGNPC’s NPPs.

Key 3: A strong engineering and technology provider must maintain a persistent relationship with the leaders of CNNC, CGNPC and SNPTC to define and monitor a common strategy.

Key 4: The technology provider must accept the transfer of one of its proven technologies in order to sustain its business in China.

Key 5: The engineering company must enhance the scope of cooperation and involve its Chinese partners in overseas projects.

Alstom: Partnership and LocalizationAlstom sets a high standard for sourcing and logistics processes as well as strong project and quality management.

Alstom is renowned in China for three major sets of equipment: its 1,750 MW Arabelle turbine, the Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG), and the Liquid Purification Equipment.

Alstom is part of a consortium comprising two subsidiaries of CGNPC: China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd. (CNPEC), and China Nuclear Power Design Co., Ltd (CNPDC). On Alstom’s side, most projects are led by Alstom Turbo machines group (TMG) business, including its local engineering office Alstom Wuhan Engineering and Technology Co (AWEC).

The localization of the speed rotor 1100MW generator was transferred to China National Erzhong Group in August 2009, and continues to follow Alstom’s technical standards.

Since 2010, the 6300 kilowatts 1E emergency diesel generator has been designed and developed by a consortium of Alstom, AWEC, MAN Diesel and Shaanxi Diesel Heavy Industry Company. Alstom supplies the EDG to almost all the major NPPs in China, such asTianwan, Ningde, Fangchenggang, Yangjiang, and Fuqing.

Key 6: The equipment manufacturer should create a consortium to share the responsibility and limit the risks of being copied. The transfer of standards requires great effort but guarantees the safety of the equipment manufactured.

Key 7: Strong local engineering (such as AWEC) is required to keep the edge and continue to provide upgraded technology.

More can be written about the scope of the cooperation, but our editorial team has chosen to interview the main stakeholders involved in the birthplace of the first Sino-French major project: Daya Bay. Sir Michael Kadoorie, Son of Lord Kadoorie has kindly accepted to give us his insight and the involvement of China Light and Power in this first project.

Mr. Jean-Claude Prenez, the president of the Sino-French Electricity Partnership explains the overall relation of PFCE and EDF from Daya Bay to Taishan.

Mr. Pierre-Yves Cordier, Nuclear Counselor at the French Embassy in Beijing, gives us an overview of the relationship between the CEA and the Chinese counterparts.

Areva gives us an overview of its activities in China.

Note: (1) 140 representatives from 56 enterprises attended the meeting. Nine companies, including National Nuclear Safety Administration, China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. Ltd (CNPEC), China Nuclear power Engineering Co. Ltd (CNPE), Dongfang Electric Corporation, Electricité De France (EDF), Areva, VELAN, SGS Industrial Service, Bureau Veritas, made reports involving Sino-French surveillance requirements in nuclear equipment manufacturing, company owners’ practice, etc.

8 Interview of the Month

Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station byThe Hon. Sir Michael KadoorieChairman, CLP Holdings Limited

Introduction

After launching its first nuclear submarine in 1971, China decided to develop nuclear power for electricity generation. The policy of “Walking with Two Legs” was adopted, viz, by importing foreign technology and by development in China. The Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power (MOWREP) was given the responsibility of developing nuclear power by importing the technology. The latter approach, on the other hand, led to development of the 300MW pressurised water reactor at Qinshan Nuclear Power Station by the Ministry of Nuclear Industry.

The cooperation between CLP Holdings (CLP, previously called China Light and Power Company) and the Chinese Mainland started in late 1978 when China adopted the Open Door Reform Policy. It started with the supply of power to Guangdong where there was an acute shortage. Immediately following this ice breaking project, CLP entered into discussions with Guangdong on further cooperation which led to the development of the 2 x 980MW Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in the 1980’s.

Since commissioning of the Daya Bay plant in 1994, it has become one of the most successful foreign joint ventures in China. This article gives a brief account of the development of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, the benefits the project brings to Hong Kong and the Mainland and the key to its success.

Lord Kadoorie’s Vision

CLP’s business in China started with a vision conceived by Lord Kadoorie, then Chairman of CLP, in the early 1930’s – interconnection of the CLP system with that in China for supply of power to Guangdong. The motive behind Lord Kadoorie’s initiative to cooperate with China, apart from commercial considerations, was to do everything possible to preserve the special relationship which existed between Hong Kong and China. To him, Hong Kong had, at the time and to all intents and purposes, become the free zone of China under British management and Hong Kong’s survival depended on its ability to merge its thoughts, interests and desires with those of the Chinese. In his view, Hong Kong existed because of its usefulness both to China and to the West. The immediate problem then was how to maintain and enhance that usefulness so as to preserve Hong Kong’s special position during the transition stage and hopefully well into the next century. Lord Kadoorie, on several occasions, made the analogy that Hong Kong stood on three legs, the first – its relationship with China, the second – its relationship with the UK and the third – the ability of the Hong Kong Government to meet the demand for better living conditions and future prospects of a better educated and more sophisticated younger generation.

Electricity Supply to Guangdong

Lord Kadoorie’s dream did not come true until March 1979 when the CLP system was finally interconnected with that in Guangdong and started to supply electricity to the province. “Today, we have created a bond of friendship and understanding which far exceeds the physical supply of electricity by CLP to Guangdong. It offers a hand of friendship and understanding and shows our desire to cooperate to mutual advantage in advancing China’s Four Modernisation Programme.” said Lord Kadoorie in his speech at the CLP–Guangdong Interconnection switching-on ceremony held at the CLP Kwai Chung System Control Centre on 31st March, 1979. “The Agreement we have reached will not only provide much needed electricity which is the life blood of industrial development, but it also provides a link whereby CLP could, in future, receive power from yourselves’, Lord Kadoorie added.

This ice breaking project marked the beginning of a series of cooperations between CLP and the Mainland which made CLP the largest foreign investor in the Chinese power sector.

Development of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station

CLP entered into discussion with MOWREP and Guangdong Electric Power Bureau (GEB) in June 1979 on the joint development of a nuclear power station in Guangdong to supply electricity to Hong Kong and the province. A joint feasibility study was conducted and the report was completed in December 1980. Following detailed review by the Chinese authorities, the feasibility study report was approved by the State Council in December 1982. Joint venture contracts and offtake agreements were negotiated and were signed in January 1985 in Beijing. The joint venture company, Guangdong Nuclear Power Joint Ven tu re Company, c o n s t r u c t e d a n d commissioned the plant in February 1994.

Entering into the joint venture was a bold step by CLP because this project had special features which could take it out of the scope of CLP and into the realm of Government: (a) high capital cost, est imated a t US$4 billion (b) power from the nuclear power station was to be sold across the border to Hong

Premier Li Peng with CLP delegates after meeting in ShenzhenFront row from the right: Lord Kadoorie, Premier Li Peng, Sir Michael Kadoorie and Minister Peng Shilu


Kong, thus involving both the Chinese and Hong Kong Governments (c) the consequential liability of nuclear incidents could be very heavy and might eliminate the whole of CLP’s capital. Without the vision of Lord Kadoorie and CLP’s commitment to the Mainland, CLP could not have undertaken the project. The CLP team was headed by Lord Kadoorie and Sir William Stones (then Deputy Managing Director) who were closely assisted by Mr. Steven Poon (then Divisional Manager – Planning & Systems), Dr. Y. B. Lee (then Chief Planning Engineer) and others.

Financing

The project was financed by shareholder’s investment and loans. The debt to equity ratio was 9 to 1. MOWREP/GEB and CLP injected equity in RMB and USD respectively. Long-term RMB loans were provided by Chinese banks and foreign currency loans were obtained from international and Hong Kong banks guaranteed by Bank of China and the export credit agencies of the exporting countries. Foreign currency loans were repaid using the proceeds of an offtake agreement between CLP and the Joint Venture Company under which CLP would purchase 70% of the electricity output.

Equipment

The choice of equipment for Daya Bay was affected by political, economic, financial as well as technical considerations. At the time when the feasibility study was conducted, US suppliers were banned from exporting nuclear technology and equipment to China. The US government required a formal agreement for exchange of nuclear technology between USA and the purchasing country. There was no such agreement between China and USA at the time and the US Government insisted on non-proliferation and nuclear inspection. Under these circumstances, CLP and MOWREP/GEB decided to use French nuclear reactors based on the following rationale: (a) whilst other potential suppliers such as USA, UK and USSR were bound by the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, France was not. (b) France would not require nuclear inspection and they could supply the equipment with loans. (c) French 980MW pressurized water reactors were proven and were suitable for the CLP/Guangdong power system. With Hong Kong being a British colony at the time, it was politically desirable for UK to be involved with the project. CLP and MOWREP/GEB agreed that provided that UK turbine-generators were competitive in price and quality, they should be used in the project.

Nuclear Safety

Adopting the right safety standard for Daya Bay was crucially important. Not only would it affect the cost and availability of the plant, it would also affect the acceptability of the project to the Hong Kong citizens. After detailed review of the safety standards in USA, Germany, UK, Japan and France, CLP and MOWREP/GEB decided that the design and construction of the nuclear power station and its management and operation should accord with the nuclear safety codes, guidelines and standards of IAEA and those of China and France.

Meeting with Chairman Deng Xiaoping

After signing of the joint venture contract, the CLP delegation met Chairman Deng Xiaoping on 19 January 1985 in the Great Hall of the People. At the meeting, Chairman Deng expressed his gratitude and appreciation to Lord Kadoorie and CLP for their positive and friendly attitude towards China and for investing in the Daya Bay project at the time when other investors were afraid and hesitant. Chairman Deng said that the Daya Bay project was an extraordinary

one, being the largest foreign joint venture in China. It would not only contribute towards the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong by boost ing the confidence of the Hong Kong people, but would also link the economies o f Hong Kong and the Ma in l and beyond 1997. Chairman Deng further stated that China’s Open Door Policy and that of attracting foreign investment were long-term strategies and that these policies would not change after 1997. Lord Kadoorie responded that he was very glad to participate in the project where socialism and capitalism worked together for the benefits of China, Hong Kong and the world at large. He expressed his wish that both parties would continue to walk down the road of cooperation and witness the success of this project. Chairman Deng Xiaoping and Lord Kadoorie agreed that when Daya Bay was commissioned, they would hold a celebration party together and use the project as a model of China’s Open Door Policy. Sadly, whilst Chairman Deng Xiaoping lived to see the commissioning of Daya Bay in February 1994, Lord Kadoorie missed the appointment by 6 months. He will, however, always be remembered for his vision and the vital role he played in the Daya Bay project - without which the joint venture would not have been realised.

Achievements and Success Factors

Since commissioning in 1994, Daya Bay has been operating safely and reliably with a world class record of nuclear safety and plant performance. On average, the power plant generates 15 billion Kwh of electricity per year, 70% of which is supplied to Hong Kong and 30% to Guangdong. To produce the same amount of electricity would consume 5 million tons of coal, emitting 15 million tons of carbon dioxide, 77,000 tons of sulphur dioxide and 60,000 tons of nitrogen oxides. During the joint venture, CLP has been adding value to the joint venture through active participation in the management and operation of the plant, including the establishment of good corporate governance, financial management, safety culture, internal control etc. The joint venture has also been the breeding ground of nuclear engineers and operators who are now working in other nuclear power plants in China.

Success of the joint venture is attributed to the following key success factors: (a) Good partnership with shared long-term vision and strong commitment to success (b) proven technology (c) strong emphasis on quality management, training and development and (d) strong Government support.

Based on the success of the joint venture since its inception in 1985, the joint venture term has been extended by 20 years to 2034.

Concluding Remarks

Daya Bay is one of the largest and most successful foreign joint ventures in China. Since commencement of operation, Daya Bay has been operating safely and reliably with a world class record of nuclear safety and plant performance. Being the first large scale commercial nuclear power station in China, Daya Bay has provided a solid foundation on which the ambitious nuclear power development programme for Guangdong and other parts of China is founded.

Chairman Deng Xiaoping meeting Lord Kadoorie in January 1985


Interview withJean - Claude Prenez,President of PFCE

D P S : C o u l d y o u t e l l u s s o m e o f y o u r background? When did you join EDF and tell us about your first projects?

Jean-Claude Prenez: I joined EDF in 1975, at the Equipment Division based in the engineering center in Clamart. This department was working on the initial series units. I was lucky enough to be involved at the end of the project 900MW of Fessenheim NPP, and from the beginning in the 1300 MW, which was important for the localization of the PWR in France. In particular I was on the safety related auxiliary system we localized at that time. I went on the site of Paluel NPP after the full assessment, that is to say, from the procurement to manufacturing control.

The startup of the first unit of Paluel, the first 1300 MW in France, occurred before South Texas NPP (USA), its reference unit. It was a fantastic experience on the site. I was primarily responsible for the Nuclear Island erection and secondly responsible for testing and commissioning.

Then I spent three years in Daya Bay until the installation of the dome of the reactor building and returned to France to continue my career on Cattenom NPP as site deputy manager. Afterwards, I became head of the power generation unit for CRUAS 3 and 4.

One year after that, in 1992, I was asked to return to China, in the operation department. I was involved in the management of the operation for three years, and I was technically in charge of the operation preparation. From this moment, we built a very strong relationship with the team that currently leads CGNPC.

DPS: In January 2013 China and France will celebrate their 30 years of cooperation in the nuclear power industry. The first project was Daya Bay in 1986. EDF was involved both in engineering and operations. What was your feeling when Daya Bay started its operation?

Jean-Claude Prenez: I switched to Daya Bay in 1986, in the first team as a construction manager. Herve Machenaud directed the Technical Division. We were integrated in a French-Chinese team located at the customer’s, Guangdong Nuclear Power Joint Venture Company (GNPJVC). In the organization there were Chinese Mainland and China Light & Power (CLP) from Hong Kong. There were a project department, operation department, quality department, etc.

EDF had several missions, mainly the technical management, which was responsible of the classic nuclear work, including construction. I came here for the start-up of the secondary excavations.

The first concrete day was August 7, 1987, inaugurated by Vice Premier Li Peng, and Lord Kadoorie, the CEO of CLP.

EDF was also in charge of civil engineering and BOP. Framatome was in charge of the nuclear island, GEC had the conventional island, and there were civil work and erection companies. Campenon Bernard (now belonging to Vinci Group), Huaxing, Maida Construction from Japan, and China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC) executed the civil engineering. Spie-Framatome and China Nuclear Industry 23 Construction realized the nuclear erection.

Shandong Electric Power Construction was in charge of the conventional part with the support of GEC. A Beijing company with the support of Bechtel was responsible for the BOP.

In this joint venture, if you look at the owners, from the Chinese side there were representatives of the Nuclear Energy and of the ministry of electricity beside CLP. In the Organization chart, CLP had jobs and positions, especially in the contract department, with a strong influence from Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). Bechtel was responsible for the QA. There were also several people who came from Bechtel for individual project management and construction of the BOP. In technical management we had to work with all these units.

Daya Bay is a brilliant idea. In 1986, to build a turnkey nuclear power plant in China, with integrated teams is fantastic. Therefore it has been heavily invested in training for operation, which allowed reach the performance that we see today.

They started on a good basis and continue 30 years after. It is a willingness to work together, to use a reference. This strong cooperation was based on the operation, because the Chinese knew they were going to operate the plant for 40 years.

When I arrived there I was quite young, I was 35, the whole team here was young, but experienced. The Chinese had experienced people from the engineering institutes and young people for operation. All these young people became directors with 25 years of experience in the nuclear relays. We were the first team.

I came back for the start-up, that's when the links were woven, because when you start up a unit, it is a team project.


I never had any doubt about the success of Daya Bay. It had a well-proven reference (Gravelines), we involved the best French enterprises, and the involvement of Alstom at the end of the project was a great help. Alstom had the experience of the French fleet. This project was perfectly managed. There was a small hurdle during the erection of the first unit but the start-up brought confidence in the Chinese team. The construction required foreign teams, but at the end only the Chinese would operate this plant. EDF had the duty to train the operators and the le premier chef de centrale (power plant director) . EDF sent its best experts to guarantee the success of this project, by 1997 the power plant director was Chinese. From 1992 to 1995 we had a major responsibility, and the start-up was the core of our friendship. This explains the relation between CGNPC and the French nuclear industry.

The current management team comes from the operations. Mr. He Yu was chief supervisor, Mr. Zhang Shanming was safety technical advisor, Mr. Zheng Dongshan was also safety technical advisor and Mr. Gao Li Gang was an automation engineer. EDF trained hundreds of Chinese engineers in France, mostly for the operation.

DPS: You indicated in “Le Chemin Partagé”, that during the construction of Daya Bay, your colleagues from the mainland, Hong Kong and the US have impacted EDF’s quality control requirements in regards to forms and standards.

Jean-Claude Prenez: EDF and Framatome brought the technology and know-how. Our colleagues from CLP were extremely rigorous on the contract side. This project required very high quality because it was international. France had just finished the construction of the 900 MW, yet we were quite used to the 1300 MW. The human aspect in nuclear energy is very important, including during the project phase. These are complex projects that require wide expertise, there are many interfaces to manage that require the involvement of people in the long run. Making concrete, forging a vessel, can only be made by people. In the overall nuclear process, there are many interfaces, equipment, stakeholders yet people are at the center of the decision process. Therefore, experience is most important.

Generally this project was based on excellence because the client had very high requirements and all sections wanted to meet these requirements. This mix of culture helped us to experiment with a new way to proceed, and every person that worked on this site learned additional expertise in quality, surveillance, erection and civil engineering.

Everything was rigorous, in particular due to the language. Take, as an example the workers involved in the construction, or in the erection most of them did not speak English. In that regard, everything was structured to keep a traceability of the quality control. We also had a pedagogic duty, we had to prepare for the start-up, therefore we had to formalize. Even if many of our Chinese colleagues learned to speak French, we had to pay attention to the way documents were written. In particular, for most of them, it was their first nuclear power plant. This international agreement requires a very rigorous logistics system because we had to finish this project on time. Moreover, by that time, the Internet was non-existent and the phone seldom available.

DPS: The Ling Ao project started in 1995, one year after Daya Bay was operating to the grid. What kind of adjustments did you have to operate for both units?

Jean-Claude Prenez: I left for Gravelines as deputy powerplant director and later I was power plant director at Chooz.

Chooz was the first N4 series unit, and EDF asked me to go back to China. At that time, Ling Ao 1 was in construction, and I returned at a senior management position. In China the owner of the nuclear power plant is dedicated to each project. For Ling Ao 1, the owner was LANPC. CLP was not involved.

On Ling Ao 2, Alstom installed the turbine Arabelle, which increased the output by 100 MW (10% if the electricity output) compared to Ling Ao 1. Arabelle is by far the more advanced turbine in the world. After the experience feedback from Chooz, the design of the turbine has been improved and validated, being an incomparable product.

EDF had digital I & C on Chooz and Civaux N4 series. This experience and expertise were important for Ling Ao 2. LANPC also decided to install a digital I & C.

Nuclear Power and Formula 1

Nuclear power can be compared to Formula 1: Very high exigency of cleanness and quality. A well maintained piece of equipment could provide a higher output. An outage can be compared to the “F1 pit stop”, the main difference is that we must comply with regulations for the review. The outage is a very important milestone, with a dedicated maintenance team.

DPS: Did you notice major differences in the management between Daya Bay and Ling Ao?

Jean-Claude Prenez: We used our experience on Gravelines to advise CGNPC to have only one dedicated operation team for Daya Bay and Ling Ao. I’ll give you an example. In Gravelines, we started units 1-4 at the same time, and later at 5-6, we clearly saw a cultural discrepancy between both entities.

Daya Bay management went to the US and other countries to have their own benchmark. The management saw the difficulties of maintenance in the US because many units were scattered, and they saw various culture and management perspectives because the essential aspect is common safety, the more coherent you are, the higher your safety culture is. This is the reason that INPO has been created in order to fill the gaps, Daya Bay was aware of this issue, and with EDF experience feedback I helped them to create DNMC common operation company for Daya Bay and Ling Ao, at the same time we were in the start-up phase of Ling Ao. DNMC is a highly professional company, and today its management understands what the management of a fleet is, like in France.

DPS: After Ling Ao, there were no more projects in China for a while, what was your strategy to expand in the market?

Jean-Claude Prenez: After I came back to France,


I was appointed at the generation Division involved in the international market. At EDF, the management was considering its new positioning in China. In 2000 we signed a long-term agreement on operation cooperation. We have been partners for more fifteen years, and we wanted to create a new type of partnership rather than contract support based. We wanted to give a new spirit to our long-term cooperation.

During the years 2003-2004, both Chinese and French were thinking to the “after Ling Ao” and EDF wanted to go global.

From 2003, there were not many projects. On the partnership standard, we and Areva proposed the EPR to both CNNC and CGNPC. The Chinese thought it was too early and were more interested in our proven model N4. We offered the N4 technology, but after a while the Chinese government decided to launch an open bidding for the third generation technology. This bidding froze the N4 project. During that time, the projects Ling Ao 2 and Qinshan 2 appeared on the market.

The Chinese were looking at the extension of Ling Ao. They improved our technology, and the CPR1000, successor of the M310 was considered as generation 2+.

The Chinese chose to use the EPR I&C architecture. The man-machine interface is essential for a safe operation therefore Ling Ao 2 had a strong French support to design and support their I & C.

The owner of the plant added further improvement and we felt as advisors, the limit of our involvement with our Chinese colleagues. The same story with Areva, because on Ling Ao 2, the primary circuit was almost completely localized. As for EDF, we thought our next step was the investment as operator in the Chinese EPR.

DPS: Most of the nuclear power plants in operation and construction are based on your standards and codes, (except Tianwan 1-4, Qinshan 1 and 3, Sanmen and Haiyang). Which problems could you foresee in China that had already occurred in France?

Jean-Claude Prenez: The ASN (French Nuclear Safety Authority) fears a generic defect in our units. When we discover a problem, we have to check on every unit, which is very costly, in terms of money and availability and require an efficient experience feedback system and a very strong technical management and integrated engineering.

EDF has 58 reactors therefore we have our own system. The ASME is well known in China, but the RCCM is in fact largely used.

LADNPC for LAo2 did not have the specification and decided to go back to the RCCM code.

The French code is extra-rigorous in order to prevent defects. The metallurgy industry is quite used to this: the defects in manufacturing will be revealed one day, and that day the defects will be even more dangerous. The main threat is not during operation because we have automation and other means to resolve incidents, but a defect in the manufacturing process can degrade quite fast and damage a plant ’s operation.

DPS: What are the latest involvements of EDF with CGNPC?

Jean-Claude Prenez: EDF designed a strategy and a project to become an investor in China and expand our business in parallel. The third generation technology bidding delayed this strategy. When the choice of the AP1000 was announced, we resumed discussion on the EPR; the Chinese immediately came back to us, Areva and the French Government for the construction of two units with them. From January 2007, this was a Sino-French project with EDF as co-investor; in November 2007 we created the Joint Venture in Taishan. Areva provided the reactor and the fuel.

In front of Presidents Nicolas Sarkozy and Hu Jintao, was signed the deal for the sales of the reactors, and the Joint Venture and support agreement was later finalized on August 10, 2008, during the Olympic Games. The JV was effective in December 2009, however by the end of 2007, EDF already had already set up its team and at the beginning of 2008 many operatives were on the site of Taishan.

At the same time we signed the Global Partnership Agreement in November 2007, EDF and CGNPC, whose operating experiences are quite similar with an integrated architect-engineer. On October 19, 2012, an agreement between Areva-EDG-CGNPC was signed in Avignon (France) to design a new reactor. The idea is to remain in China in the long term and keep balanced exchanges.

DPS: What about the safety standard of the EPR?

Jean-Claude Prenez: For the EPR: I take the example of Mr. Li Xiaoming from CNNC who visited Flamanville and we compared the buildings. In FLA3 (the EPR) all the pumping station and the Emergency Diesel Group (EDG) building are completely concreted, whereas in FLA2 the EDG cooling systems are installed on the outside. Whether it's a tornado, aggression, terrorism or a war situation, at this moment, the EPR makes huge progress in that it has been designed for its resistance to these external hazards.

I think there is a future for the EPR in China, because this country needs power.

DPS: When did you have your first contact with the PFCE?

Jean-Claude Prenez: I was informed of the existence of the PFCE in 2000, few years after its creation. A PFCE mission that included twenty companies invited me as I was involved in operation and later I made a speech on maintenance. EDF has control of its suppliers, this is the main reason we brought them to China. The nuclear program is slowing down in France; it is essential to expand in Chinese projects. The maintenance market attracts many companies because the French fleet is quite big and requires a large amount of equipment that creates a maintenance industry.

The idea was based on the expansion of the Chinese market and to bring our suppliers to China. If our suppliers could be in the loop, their business would be sustainable, and it is essential for EDF to keep healthy suppliers in order to sustain their know-how.


We knew the market was here, and the specification would be Chinese applied to our suppliers. Looking at the Chinese nuclear plan, we wanted to be sure our suppliers would still be able to provide equipment for our plants in France. In that regard with AFCEN, the French association to edit codes & standards and PFCE, we promote our specifications, codes, standards and qualifications.

DPS: What is the main purpose of PFCE?

Jean-Claude Prenez: The final objective of the PFCE is to provide services and equipment from the French suppliers in partnership with Chinese industry.

China discovers a new challenge: the management of a nuclear f leet. CGNPC is aware of this challenge being the operator of the largest fleet. Its priority is to build new projects, and after their start-up, to guarantee safe operation, high performance and competitiveness. When CGNPC had only Daya Bay, Ling Ao 1 and 2, at the same location, with the same units, it was easier. Now they have to deal with Hongyanhe, Ningde and other nuclear plants with different work cultures and companies. The new challenge is to know how to manage this fleet.

The regulations and processes are important, but the human factor is essential. Behind the operation there is the maintenance.

Maintenance requires a lot of experience.

DPS: What are the main changes you operated in the PFCE?

Jean-Claude Prenez: I took over the PFCE in 2004 and contributed to two focuses:

To offer the largest scope of technology possible: when we met the EPC contractors or design institutes we had to answer many questions related to various equipment, the more we could answer, the more we could promote our equipment. At the beginning we had a lot of valve manufacturers and then expanded to other technologies.

To integrate the maintenance and service, including civil engineering with companies such as EGIS, SITES, APAVE and BV. Nuclear requires this expertise and the French industry is the leader in these fields.

EDF knows these companies and they move alongside our requirements of safety and performance. In PFCE we now have 85 members. Our activity helps us to promote the French industry with almost no advertising. We just need to cover each field of nuclear activities and the expansion with new members helps us to cover all the range.

There are different trends, for example when we leant to service,

Taishan Government & CGNPC & PFCE Signing Ceremony


there was a need of control and inspection in China, and some companies joined because they wanted to set up their business in China. Until Ling Ao 1, they were subcontractors to EDF, Areva and Alstom. From Ling Ao 2 the Chinese prefer to deal directly with every supplier.

These SMEs, very often extremely small, had to deal with a giant buyer, deal with new competitors, and deal with the requirement to localize their product.

Either we work with the Chinese, or we do not. If we prefer to stay in France one day we will not be able to manufacture valves, either we are in the loop of their expansion, or we’re not.

I recently saw machine building enterprises. These were impressive because they mean that market needs are wide.

DPS: How do you become a member of the PFCE and how is it organized?

Jean-Claude Prenez: To become a member of the PFCE is very simple, just fill an application form. I met every new applicant.

The PFCE is a non-profit association, we can be audited and we must pay VAT, our financial management is stringent. We have our internal guidelines, a president, proposed by EDF, a secretary general, who is from EDF, and two vice presidents, Jean-François Sageau, from the company Sites, is in charge of the finance, and Michel Monier from Velan. We have a board and we have four general assemblies every year, around 75% of our members, mostly the CEOs attend the assembly. I was in favor of the general meeting in order to support the exchange of information.

There are three requirements to become member of the PFCE: you must be a qualified supplier of EDF; you must promote French know-how and support employment in France.

We have one special general meeting per year as a think-tank and we visit the factories of our members.

Our board is elected every year and we give our opinions on the new applicant. A company profile is distributed to all attendees and the applicant has to introduce his company. We suggest that each new applicant is mentored by someone at PFCE.

The applicant is subject to questions from the assembly. Our members do not mind the competition, just the mindset of the applicant: what do you want to do in China?

The members of PFCE want to keep this partnership mindset with Chinese parties as the core of our association and we preserve friendship between our members. We have this spirit of “pack hunters”.

When we introduce the PFCE, we introduce every member, even the ones which are absent.

We have a concept of partnership with Chinese entities and of the maximum number of French companies involved.

We think in the long run the market will be more open and with the maintenance and service markets, the operator will not be subject to more localization.

The Chinese want us to set up more factories, we are open to

this, but our members will only come if they have a clear signal of their market. The qualification is expensive the investment is high, the work is consistently rigorous and we are often inspected and assessed.

DPS: Do you meet new kind of applicants?

Jean-Claude Prenez: We see companies from the steel industry such as Vallinox, Mersen, CNIM or l’Union des Forgerons that come to provide mechanical components. Their expertise is also needed in China.

Another example: an integrator, which subcontracted some metal casting in China. As it was complicated to assess the quality and the process, this company decided to make a new order in France. We will also lose some market if we do not innovate. For example, Nordlock is innovating all the time.

DPS: Which type of structure do you suggest to your members? What should be their mindset in China to create business?

Jean-Claude Prenez: The Joint Ventures are a solution but not the only ones in this market. Bernard Controls was a JV and changed as WOFE still in the Bernard group. Many companies are very small SMEs and without their expertise they could vanish. They must protect their expertise. Nowadays, the trend in China is to produce in China, either as a JV, a WOFE or to subcontract.

Except for some niche markets, 90% of our members will set up their factory or offices in China. We are not delocalizing our industry, we are expanding our business.

We lobby for our standards, qualifications and codes. This lobbying promotes the French products

The Chinese want to expand overseas and we are the ideal partners, because they will have problems of language, qualifications, and will need to meet the requirements of the foreign safety authorities. In those regards, we are the ideal partner because our approach is global, and we already help them to set up their own codes and qualification systems. We signed a cooperation agreement with the China Nuclear Energy Association (CNEA) as well as China Nuclear Power Research Institute (CNPRI) for the qualification.

The Chinese will have their qualification process and we must promote our culture, otherwise others will do it, and will take the market if we are not able to meet their specifications.

Finally there is the creation of jobs in France: let’s be honest, without this market, many of our SMEs would just vanish. The Chinese market supports the French nuclear industry.

DPS: Some members of the PFCE have indicated that the Fukushima incident has had a clear influence on the safety and reliability of equipment, therefore more purchasing orders are forecasted. Does the PFCE lobby for the purchase of French products?

Jean-Claude Prenez: In China, Fukushima has been a positive element for nuclear safety, in particular for the design


and manufacture of equipment. It also reinforced the authority of the NNSA and its leader, Mr. Li Ganjie, who is a well-known expert in that field.

Let’s not forget in 2009, there was an assessment of the Taishan site and factories. TNPJVC controls the project; this allowed EDF to assess the quality process.

We lobby at the PFCE for our codes, s tandards and qualification. The Chinese have some space for improvement in manufacturing quality control, and Fukushima helped us to explain the necessity to qualify the equipment. The main outcome of Fukushima in China is that at the end the operator is responsible for nuclear safety and shall be able to select qualified and reliable equipment.

DPS: Does PFCE plan to expand to other electrical markets?

Jean-Claude Prenez: We have been thinking to expand into other power markets in China. But 85% of our members did not want this expansion. You cannot enter the nuclear by yourself, but other markets are mostly led by price and the business is quite open. The energy market is based on strong competition.

DPS: How could you support the inland nuclear power plants’ expansion in China?

Jean-Claude Prenez: The PFCE has a great interest in inland NPPs and we have a large range of suppliers qualified in all corresponding areas Hamon for instance.

On inland issues, we believe that France has extensive experience. The most important is the operation, and we are ready to help because we have sites on many different rivers in France, including with upstream dams, etc. We have a large experience feedback, and we also have sites with lake as a heat sink (Cattenom).

Today, EPR is adaptable to the rivers. We consider that we could bring a strong expertise for inland EPR as well as for1000 MW.

DPS: After the Fukushima accident, safety and quality have been two foci of the Chinese nuclear power industry. Did the Chinese operators ask EDF to provide expertise in flooding incidents? I refer to the incident at Le Blayais in France.

Jean-Claude Prenez: This is exactly in our expertise that we want to expand in this Chinese market. EDF has the biggest operating fleet with integrated engineering, and we will remain more experienced than our Chinese colleagues because our fleet is older and we will create more references as per Blayais, in EDF we are already at the third ten years outage and we prepare the fourth ten years outage in which in EDF we have already taken into account the severe cold (i.e. the frozen sensors during winter 1985-1986). We included the flooding of Blayais that contributed a huge experience, we included the severe heat approach, and we revised the seism criteria. We have a strong safety organization and our Chinese colleagues benefit from our operating experience.

For the outage of Daya Bay, we will support a complete Safety Review of the plant during the second ten years outage. We will not only help to upgrade the design, but also the equipment.

For instance, water is flowing in, there are internal floods; Mecatiss, a PFCE member, creates products that swell with water for sealing facilities. The Chinese were interested by this technology.

We put all of this forward, and I consider France has an exclusive advantage, through its organization, due to its safety standards, its strong safety authority, its own integrated architect-engineer model and our relationship with a large network of qualified suppliers.

DPS: Since 2000, you set up technical seminars for Chinese managers. Can you tell us more about the attendees and the topics?

Jean-Claude Prenez: EDF participates in technical seminars organization, and often we do not need to bring a person from EDF, we mobilise our suppliers from PFCE. We help the Chinese to increase the lifespan of their plant, and the reactors in operation must reach a safety standard equal to the level of new PWRs in construction.

DPS: CNNC and CGNPC plan to export their technology, based on the French reactors, for example in Argentina and Turkey. Do you see any benefit for the members of the PFCE?

Jean-Claude Prenez: The way the Chinese will settle in these countries, depending on the type of contract, either EPC or local industrial development, the Chinese will however use the providers with whom they used to work, which reassures their costs, and quality.

If these suppliers are installed in China, like many of PFCE members, they will be involved further in their projects.

The Chinese suppliers will ally with their French partners in order to be present in international markets for the benefit of both.

DPS: What is the future of PFCE in China?

Jean-Claude Prenez: In the field of high technology, one must provide something global to China. Not especially for the Chinese companies, but all the stakeholders of the market.

PFCE already has twelve members in Guangdong. The Guangdong DRC wants the PFCE to motivate the French companies and increase the number of French companies in Guangdong. We want the members of PFCE to come, but they need visibility and market. If for example there were Taishan 3 and 4 and other sites where EDF would be involved, the PFCE members would have upper confidence; but if there is nothing, no market, why would they invest and set up company?

Two years ago PFCE signed a tripartite agreement CGNPC-PFCE- Taishan Municipality, because the province wants to


Visit of Taishan during PFCE yearly mission in China

be branded as nuclear. Guangdong wants to develop high-tech companies including nuclear. For the moment there are three areas, Shenzhen area that is devoted to Research and Development, Nansha area where there is heavy equipment, such as VALINOX and Taishan area for auxiliary equipment and maintenance. We promoted maintenance in Guangdong and we now urge our PFCE members to settle in the Taishan maintenance market.. ACPP is already there; it is the first foreign nuclear enterprise in Taishan Green Area.

DPS: This partnership may expand to other countries. At the same time, more French manufacturers localize their production in China. Can we foresee China as a springboard to international expansion for the PFCE members?

Jean-Claude Prenez: When we went to South Africa in 2011, we were invited by president-Jacob Zuma to a roundtable on localization.

The theme was labeled "the PFCE example of a successful localization." 50% of our companies manufacture in China, this is not a dream. We live by example.

We saw with our recent presentations in Poland, through this partnership, we promote quality, a French know-how and the team spirit of our members. We do not dictate anything.

We also went to Vietnam, which has been interested in the concept of partnership and our brand.

However, we have to have in mind that China will keep its specificity, due to its size, its evolution, and its uncertainties. China forces us to think collectively, and not to have a single scheme. The main experience we have gained here is the experience of the partnership.

Probably, in many international projects, French and Chinese partners will go together.

17 Interview of the MonthHamon Thermal

www.hamon.com

Integrated solutions

for a clean environment

Hamon, the reliable choice.

HAMON THERMAL EUROPE (FR)Perspective Seine, Bâtiment C84, rue Charles Michels93284 Saint-Denis, FranceTel. +33 1 55 87 78 [email protected]

HAMON THERMAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY (JIAXING) COMPANY LTD. 1st Floor of Building No.7, No.1369, South City Road 314000 Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China Tel. +86 573 8261 1908,[email protected]

Natural draft cooling towers: more than 300 references worldwide.

Hamon, World Leader in Engineering and Contracting, active since 1904.The Group has an unrivalled experience in development and implementation of cooling technologies for the power sector and other energy intensive industries. With numerousreferences in each cooling tower type, it has been confronted to any type of application. Hamon active R&D gives you the assurance of a state-of-the-art product.


DPS:Could you tell us about your background? When did you join the CEA and what’s your actual position?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: I am a chemical engineer by education. I studied at an engineering school in France and I joined the CEA in March 1991 to write my PhD thesis in the field of nuclear spent fuel reprocessing. The CEA officially recruited me after completing my thesis in 1995. I worked then for five years in the CEA laboratories, essentially in Marcoule in the south of France, studying reprocessing, with a focus on minor actinides’ separation. I left the CEA in 2000 to join COGEMA (now AREVA) where I remained for five years. I was mainly deployed in Japan at the Rokkasho-mura plant, which was built and tested at the time with the help of engineers from AREVA. In 2005, I returned to the CEA in the international affairs department, in charge of relations with Japan, Korea, and also Australia. In September 2007, I was sent to the Embassy of France in Tokyo as nuclear counselor, I stayed there until December 2011. I then moved to the same position in our Beijing Embassy, where I am at the moment.

DPS:Is Rokkasho identical to La Hague?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER:The core process (shearing, separation, purification) is identical to the one in La Hague, since it was built on a technological transfer. We can call the two plants sister plants. One of the few differences is the vitrification facility, which was built using Japanese technology. At the moment, this specific facility has experienced numerous problems, and is still

in a testing phase. As a result, the plant as a whole is not yet operational.

DPS: In January 2013, China and France will celebrate their 30 years of cooperation in the nuclear power industry. The first project was Daya Bay in 1986. What role did the CEA play in this project?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: The “memorandum for electronuclear cooperation” opened the way for the Daya Bay project. It was signed on May 5th, 1983. Interestingly, one of the Ministers who signed it for France was a young Minister of Research and Industry, Laurent Fabius, who is currently, 30 years later, the Minister of Foreign Affairs. There was previously another agreement, between the CEA and the then Ministry of Nuclear Industry (MNI), signed on November 22nd, 1982. This agreement was more focused on the R&D and institutional relations. 30 years later, it is still in force, having been renewed every 3 years - initially with the MNI, then with CNNC (China National Nuclear Corporation) and now with CAEA (China Atomic Energy Authority). We are currently negotiating the 11th protocol agreement with CAEA.

DPS: Is the CAEA your counterpart ?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: As a government body, and for institutional relations, CAEA is our counterpart. But for the R&D work, we have other agreements and collaborations in the framework of the CEA-CAEA agreement, which serves as an umbrella or framework agreement.

For example, we have created several associated research laboratories, associated with different matters with the relevant Chinese institutes:

-On reactor physics and severe accidents with the CNPE.

-On thermo-hydraulics with the NPIC.

-On fast reactors with the CIAE.

-On geological storage with the BRIUG.

-On materials ageing under irradiation with the RIMPO.

These laboratories are exchanging data and sometimes personnel, and conducting regular meetings together.

To give you an idea, during those 30 years of cooperation over a few hundreds Chinese scientists have been seconded to CEA laboratories. I would like to mention that we have also La Hague Plant Source from AREVA

Interview with Pierre-Yves CORDIERNuclear Counselor at the French Embassy in China


DPS: Are these different sectors part of the protocol signed with the CAEA?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: The protocol signed between the CEA and the CAEA is a comprehensive protocol that could cover everything. For the moment, most of our cooperation with the CAEA and CNNC remain in the nuclear industry as explained above.

But the involvement of the CEA in China is not limited to our cooperation in this framework. The CEA has other agreements with other organizations in China, including the China Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the MOST (Ministry of Science and Technology).

The CEA is also directly or indirectly l inked with some internationally associated laboratories, which are Franco-Chinese research structures involving many partners in both countries. For example, a couple of months ago I attended the official ceremony for the launching of such a structure called MONOCL, dedicated to the study of monsoon, ocean and climate studies. Practically, French and Chinese teams are conducting drilling campaigns on the basement of the South China Sea in order to study the paleo-climate. But there are also others involved in particle physics, organic chemistry, etc. As you see, we are quite far from nuclear activities!

DPS: Education is one of the focal points at the CEA. In 2010, the Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering & Technology (IFCEN) was established with the Sun Yat-Sen University. Could you tell us the role of the National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology (INSTN) in this new entity?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: Indeed, education is an important task at the CEA, and training and dissemination of knowledge is recognized as one of its core missions. Very early in the history of the CEA, the INSTN was created to ensure proper education in the nuclear field. Since it is a part of the CEA, many teachers are in fact scientists and engineers working at the CEA. This makes the INSTN the reference school for nuclear education.

So, when the idea of a Sino-French school dedicated to nuclear education began to be circulated, it was natural for the INSTN and the CEA to take part in it.

The Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (IFCEN) was thus created in 2010 in Zhuhai, as a partnership between the Sun Yat Sen University for the Chinese side, and for the French side there is a consortium of several institutions, the Grenoble National Polytechnic Institute (Grenoble INP) being the representative of the different institutions: the INSTN, the Ecole des Mines in Nantes, the National School of Chemistry in Montpellier, and the National School of Chemistry in Paris.

DPS: Who funds the Institute?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: For the moment, the funding is equally divided between the Chinese and French partners. On the French side, industrial companies like EDF, Areva and Test of solar panel at INES source from CEA

cooperation agreements with the MOST and the CAS, for different subjects, essentially on non-nuclear activities.

DPS: In 2009 the CEA changed its name to the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. Does this new name help the CEA to expand its scope of cooperation with China?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: Indeed, the CEA changed its name to the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. The primary mission of the CEA was (and still is) centered on nuclear

R&D, but over the years, the CEA developed strong skills in new and renewable energy.

Let me give you a brief picture of the CEA: my institute is now an organization with around 16,000 employees, active in low-carbon energies, information and health technologies and defense and global security. The CEA also operates very large scale facilities, and is closely involved in technology development and transfer. If we are talking about alternative energies, the CEA is a leading R&D institute in France on energy efficiency (smart grids…), solar energy, hydrogen (fuel cells), biofuels and energy storage (batteries). The INES (National Institute for Solar Energy), for example, was created in 2005 with a significant involvement by CEA.


Bureau Veritas are contributing to the funding.

DPS: Will the degree be recognized in both countries?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: The idea is to deliver Chinese diplomas, recognized in both countries. Of course, IFCEN is in China, so the degree will be a Chinese one. But it will also be valid in France as a degree from a school of engineering, which we hope will be recognized by the relevant body (CTI). Everything should be in place soon, because the engineering cycle will start for the first class in September 2013. Each graduating class comprises around 100 students, so with the curriculum spanning over 6 years, in September 2016 when the first class will graduate, the school will have around 600 students.

DPS: Will this program be replicated, or will you stay exclusively with Sun YatSen?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: There are no plans at this time to duplicate the project. I think before considering a new project, if there really was a need to grow, the easiest way would be to increase the number of students per class.

DPS: This training request originally came from where?The Department of Education?The operators?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: This is a common interest for both countries: China wants to have trained engineers with a French nuclear background. France remains the main nuclear reference for China and for the rest of the world. As for France, we export our expertise in education and our French companies located in China will have access to a pool of Chinese engineers who are well trained, speak French, and thus have a triple Sino-French-nuclear culture. For Areva, EDF, and our SMEs this triple culture is a godsend! This will also be beneficial to all the Chinese companies working with French ones, whether as clients or partners in Joint Ventures like CGNPC. For me, and my predecessor who worked very hard on this project, it is really a great achievement and a living proof that the nuclear cooperation between France and China will be strong in the future - what better way than creating a school to prepare for the future?

To create a school in China, dedicated to nuclear education, with French teaching methods, seemed the best way to satisfy the huge need of China for its ambitious nuclear program. It would not have been possible to train so many people in France.

The education at IFCEN works on the principle of the French “Grandes Ecoles”, or engineering school: three years of intensive study in maths and physics, and three years of engineering school. Plus, the Chinese students of IFCEN have to learn French in the process, which is not an easy task!!!

There will be also some R&D activity attached to the training, as it should be for an engineering school. This is currently under development, and meaningful research can be done for example in the field of modelisation, sensors, materials, safety, etc…

I try to go there on regular basis, and when French personalities visit Taishan, they come to IFCEN to give lectures. The latest to date was a commissioner from the French Nuclear Safety

Authority (ASN) in April 2012, Mrs. Marie-Pierre Comets. She lectured in French, and these students understood and asked questions in French. That is outstanding!

DPS: In that regard, what is the main difference with the International Institute of Nuclear Energy (I2EN) that provides education for foreign students?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: Well, the I2EN is not really a school per se or a training institute. It provides foreign partners of France the best training solutions for human resources development in nuclear energy. Here is how it works: I2EN receives training requests from foreign countries via government or industry channels, analyses it and then prepares a tailor-made proposal based on the specific needs identified. I2EN also maintains a complete and updated register of the nuclear training courses available in France in order to allow individuals who are interested in pursuing their nuclear training in France to find the best solutions for their needs.

The strength of the I2EN is to be at the nexus of all the parties involved in nuclear training in France: more than 15 universities or engineering schools, industrial companies (including Areva and EDF…), and research agencies (including CEA, CNRS and

Inauguration of IFCEN Source from the INP Website

ANDRA) under the supervision of the relevant French ministries. In total, 27 partners are gathered in a council of partners, chaired by the High-Commissioner of Atomic Energy.

DPS: Since when did the I2EN exist?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: The creation of I2EN was announced by the then President Sarkozy in March 2010 at the “International conference on access to civil nuclear energy”. It was operational a few months later, in September 2010, and officially inaugurated in June 2011. Since the Fukushima accident, nuclear perception around the world has changed, and everybody has heard about countries which decided to quit their program or shelve their planned development, including Italy, Germany, and Switzerland. The reality is that many more countries, and China in the first place, confirmed their nuclear plans or commitment, including Russia, UK, Poland, Vietnam, Turkey and the UAE. So, the I2EN remains completely relevant even in the post Fukushima era, all the more because the first line of safety is to have people trained in the best way possible.


JHR reactor construction view Source from CEA

The I2EN is here to meet this demand, contributing to enhancing safety globally.

DPS: The CEA is particularly known for its expertise in the fast breeders. In 2004 Mr. Zhang Huazhu, was the Chairman of China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA). He met with Mr. Jacques Bouchard, Director of Nuclear Energy Division. One of the major topics was the involvement of China in the Generation IV International Forum. Five years later, CNNC president Sun Qin and your chairman Bernard Bigot signed a cooperation agreement on the fast reactor. What is the outcome of this cooperation?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: Indeed, China joined the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) when J. Bouchard was chairman of the forum. It was very important that a country with an ambitious nuclear program and a closed cycle nuclear policy join the GIF.

F r a n c e h a s a l o n g h i s t o r y o f developing fast reactors, with Phoenix and Super Phoenix being the most well-known ones. Both countries are still developing the technology, France with its ASTRID (Advanced Sodium Technological Reactor for Industrial Demonstration) project, and China with the newly build CEFR of the CIAE. We have a long history of cooperation in the field of fast reactors. I visited the CEFR twice, and had the honor of meeting the chief scientist, Xu Mi, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the most well-known scientist for fast reactors in China. He has many friends in France. At the moment, the cooperation is going well. For example, a meeting took in place in China a couple of weeks ago for the

exchange of information between teams of CIAE and CEA.

Our two countries will continue to cooperate in the future. France will hopefully get the green light to continue with the ASTRID project in a couple of months. The reactor might be operational in the 2020s. As for China, it has numerous projects, like the building of a more powerful reactor, the CDFR, or the building of two Russian base fast reactors, the BN800.

DPS: Is China investing in the Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR)?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: The JHR is a 100 MW material testing reactor (MTR) that allows reproducing on a small scale, real power plant conditions (and in some cases more severe conditions) for material screening and characterization and fuel element qualification. It will be useful for R&D on Gen II (material aging), Gen III (fuel and material) and even Gen IV.

The CEA decided to build that equipment, and to make it available internationally, in order to have a base in the future for reactor material and fuel R&D, since all the currently available MTRs in Europe (and in the world) are quite old, with more than

Subscribe to our free Newsletter and Magazine! Email us at [email protected] or fax us at +86-10-64654957 your;

Name: Email: Title: Company: Fields of interests:


40 or 50 years-service.

JHR will be a fantastic tool for nuclear R&D. I visited the site about a month ago, the project is still in its civil engineering phase, but this phase is well advanced. When we decided to build the JHR, the CEA wanted it to be open to the world from the beginning.

Any institute, company, or utility who wants to be part of the JHR consortium will manage the access rights to the experiments and have a say about the JHR’s operation. Of course, this consortium’s memberships needs an investment. The JHR will be managed by the CEA at the Cadarache center. EDF and Areva participate in the project. There will be several levels of openness. If you are a member of the consortium you can perform your own research, your results will be your property, and because you are an investor, you'll have preferential access time. You can also embark on joint programs with others, or if after any team wants to undertake a research program it will be like all international instruments: you submit a proposal, which is reviewed by the consortium’s board, and finally it is granted or not. JHR will be in operation in 2016.

DPS: Chinese companies, such as Dongfang Electr ic, Shanghai Electr ic and Haerbin Electric face issues in the manufacturing and qualification of equipment for the GEN 3, could they invest in RJH?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: Yes, if they want to, they could. The JHR consortium members are of diverse origin. For non-French members, we have, for example R&D, organizations (including SCK in Belgium, DAE in India and VTT in Finland), industrial companies (Vattenfal from Sweden), and national consortium (CIEMAT for Spain). So, it is possible for a foreign private company to join the consortium, whether a manufacturer or a utility.

DPS: The emergency evacuation plan was cited many times in the new plan: “nuclear safety and prevention and treatment of radioactive pollution”. The CEA has created the Formation Locale de Sécurité (FLS), an emergency team, quite well known in Marcoule. Do you have any cooperation with your Chinese counterpart in this area?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: The FLS is indeed a key component of any CEA center, in charge of the security of the center, and ready to act in any emergency situation as the first reponse team. A more general note, after Fukushima, all the responsible bodies for managing emergency situations asked themselves the same question: "What would we have done in a similar accident?" And honestly, I think no country can say that its response to an accident of the magnitude of Fukushima would have been conducted without problem. This was a major disaster, an earthquake triggering a tsunami, and both combined leading to the nuclear accident. All the nuclear community will continue to learn from this accident in the years to come, but already some lessons and actions have been implemented. In France for example, EDF is implementing its Rapid Action

Nuclear Force (FARN). The French utility will set up equipment centers that would be capable of making additional cooling and electrical power equipment available within less than 24 hours for any site.

Safety being a concern for all the countries with nuclear power, there are numerous exchanges and discussions on the subject of the post Fukushima improvements. Of course, on an international level, the IAEA is a natural forum for these discussions. But on bilateral level, France and China are also exchanging information.

Recently a mission of the National Nuclear Emergency Response Operation Center came to France to see what we do, and this delegation met with the ASN, the Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), who showed its crisis management center, and also EDF, who introduced its FARN concept. There is at the moment a global reflection from all nuclear stakeholders in each country, and good ideas and practices are being exchanged. The crisis response is an essential element of nuclear safety. I think cooperation is in the interests of all, the best nuclear safety is a common goal, and there is an interest of all countries to share good ideas and best practices.

DPS: Can you ta l k abou t the ongo ing discussions between Areva and CNNC about a potential reprocessing plant in China?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: According to the joint declaration of our two governments in December 2009, Areva and CNNC are discussing the possible construction of a treatment-recycling plant in China. That would be the equivalent of La Hague plus Melox. This is a huge project, and I really hope it will be a reality one day. The two companies have a lot of issues to discuss, and a special agreement also has to be negotiated between China and France. So, there are a lot of contacts and discussions, everything is progressing slowly but steadily.

DPS: Are the companies that manufacture components for reprocessing plants and equipment for nuclear power plants usually the same?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: To build nuclear power plants is a real industrial business: there are around 440 reactors in operation around the world, around sixty in construction, 40% of them in China. This is a mature industry which is strictly controlled. Reprocessing is much less common. The Areva La Hague is more or less now unique in the world in that operates without trouble on an industrial and commercial basis. China and France have both decided to implement a close cycle policy for their nuclear fuel.

As for the industrial companies that are building a reprocessing plant, it is possibly a once in a lifetime experience, with equipment that is tailor-made. For example, the shearing machine (a piece of equipment that cuts the spent fuel into small sections of a few centimeters in length) and the rotary dissolver into which these small pieces fall to be dissolved into a hot nitric acid solution are unique but very complex and resistant equipment that is essential to the plant, but built basically only once.


This being said, the companies involved in the nuclear fuel cycle are not so different from the ones involved in nuclear power plant construction. In both cases, you need high-tech components, matching the top quality requirements that are the norm in the nuclear world. For example, the companies that built the Rokkasho-Mura reprocessing plant are essentially Toshiba, Hitachi and MHI, the same ones that are involved in making and designing nuclear power plants.

DPS: Who leads the reprocessing project in China, Areva or the CEA?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: The discussions are between Areva and CNNC, according to the common declaration of both Chinese and French governments of December 2009. The project being an industrial one, Areva has the operating knowledge base having been successful during many years of operation at La Hague. But the chemical process the plant is using was of course developed by the CEA. Also according to the joint declaration, there should be a specific intergovernmental agreement between France and China for this project to be realized, and CEA will take an active part on the French side for the discussions leading to this agreement.

DPS: Research at the CEA led to the creation of start-ups and patents, which are used by foreign and French companies. Is China developing a similar system?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: Every country faces the same problem, that is to say, how to move from basic research and development to a finished product. We call this the Valley of Death: how to move from R&D with public funding to a prototype with private investors, and then to a full marketable product. This is a key point in the innovation process, and whether or not you’re well equipped to cross the Valley of Death is the difference between success and failure. At the

CEA, we have the Technological Research Division (DRT). Its field of competency is to facilitate the transition from R&D to industry, through close relationship with industrial partners. Its three institutes are dedicated to microelectronics and nano-technology (LETI), software intensive systems (LIST) and alternative energies and nanomaterials (LITEN). I have to mention that around 150 start-ups were created in the process, one of the best examples is SOITEC, which has a turnover of more than 300 million Euros.

The DRT is also considering possible collaborations with industrial and R&D partners abroad. A successful strategy has been put in place in the USA and Japan, with young engineers being sent to map the ground, understand who the key actors are and how they work, and determine if some kind of partnership can be forged. A DRT representative just joined my team a couple of months ago, and she is now actively working on these key elements. So it is difficult for me to answer right now, because we are just at the beginning of our understanding of how China deals with this matter.

DPS: What do you think of the Sino-French relationship will be in the nuclear industry in the future?

Pierre-Yves CORDIER: I talked extensively of the long history of cooperation in the nuclear field between France and China. We are now at a turning point because China has the most ambitious nuclear program in the world and because there will be a transition to Gen III reactors for new projects, as the State Council decided last October.

France on its side built its nuclear fleet mainly in the 1980’s, and now has 58 reactors, producing around 75% of its electricity. So, there is an almost perfect match between France, the well experienced and state of the art technology bearer, and China, the young and ambitious nuclear power plant builder. The EPR that are being built in Taishan by CGNPC, EDF and AREVA are a perfect example of Sino-French cooperation. These 3 partners are now discussing

together about a new project, a new 1000MW class reactor, which could represent the best know-how and cooperat ion of both countries.

But the partnership between France and China is not only on reactors, but also on the front end and the back-end as it was mentioned before. It is a balanced partnership that both countries discuss at the highest level.

All in all, I am confident that France and China have a bright future for nuclear cooperation, as successful as the last 30 years. For my part, I will work to achieve this goal, and hope that my successors 30 years from now can congratulate themselves on what will have been accomplished!

Clean room LETI Source from CEA


Beyond the 27 new construction projects currently under way, China also has to secure uranium supply and address local manufacturing capabilities if it wants to attain energy self-reliance. Long-term partnerships and technology transfers are key in that respect. France-based nuclear equipment and fuel vendor Areva is today one of China’s most important partners supporting the country’s nuclear industry in its ramp-up toward energy self-reliance.

Deyang

After the first 25 years of cooperation,Areva entered a new phase, in which the key point is our common willingness with our Chinese partners to approach the international market together and help them achieve self-reliance in their domestic market,” said Marc Andolenko, former president of Areva China. “New kinds of partnerships needed to be developed now that include engineering, but also procurement for reactor design. The WECAN JV set up in 2009 is a perfect illustration of these deeper partnerships.”

That JV, set up by Areva and Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation (CGNPC), was created to provide support in engineering and procurement of the nuclear island for future Chinese NPPs, as well as for potential EPR reactors abroad. Today, the JV counts more than 350 employees and, when fully functioning, will be the biggest partnership of its kind in the nuclear field in China.

Reactor construction

Two EPR reactors are currently being built in Taishan, Guangdong province. Today, two CGNPC subsidiaries are involved in the project’s construction consortium. Areva, in charge of the nuclear island design and procurement, leads the consortium comprising China Nuclear Power Engineering Company (CNPEC) that shares procurement and delivery responsibilities with Areva, and China Nuclear Power Design Company (CNPDC) for engineering and design. With the latter, a Joint Design Organization (JDO) has been created

in Shenzhen, gathering Areva and CNPDC engineers under Areva’s responsibility for the Taishan 1&2 projects.

“Chinese participation in Taishan is extensive and deep in all major areas,” said Andolenko. “CGNPC engineers are conducting very significant work—about 1.5 million hours in both Europe and China—and have participated in the detailed design of the EPR reactors built in Taishan.” Over 2008–2011, more than 190 CGNPC engineers have integrated Areva’s teams as

part of the French nuclear group’s self-reliance programme to work on the different phases of the projects and gain experience. Contractually, 25% of the global engineering workload is to be realized by the Chinese engineers.

Both units are on budget and on schedule, with 85% of the procurement orders and 69% of the engineering under Areva’s scope completed as of January 2012. The unit 1 reactor pressure vessel was delivered on site and the reactor building dome was installed in October 2011, only 24 months after first concrete (versus 47 months at the first-of-akind Olkiluoto 3 project in Finland). “The learning from the previous EPR projects has been fully integrated into the Taishan project,” said Zheng Dongshan, deputy general manager of CGNPC in a recent Areva interview, crediting its success to the EPR fleet series effect and CGNPC’s close collaboration with Areva (go to www.tinyurl.com/7zpfpg2 and click on ‘play animation’).

30 years of cooperationAreva was one of the first foreign partners of the Chinese power industry and has continuously contributed to the development of the country’s nuclear industry since their first collaboration in the mid 1980’s with the Daya Bay nuclear power plant (NPP) project, followed by the Ling Ao NPP project, co-located in Shenzhen, Guangdong province.

“Directly and indirectly, Areva has been involved in six of China’s 15 currently operating NPPs,” said Areva China president Marc Andolenko. Today, 19 of the 26 Chinese reactors currently under construction are using Areva technology, notably through the deployment of the Sino design CPR- 1000, an evolution of the Daya Bay and Ling Ao I Areva designs.

With a strong and growing presence in China comprised of more than 850 employees across 12 locations, Areva has established several joint ventures with China’s key nuclear players in the fields of primary pumps manufacturing and in-core instrumentation.

Areva Dongfang (AD JV) was set up in 2005 with Dongfang Electric Corporation (DEC). The 50/50 JV established for primary pumps manufacturing regularly supplies today reactor cooling pumps to the main Chinese utilities. Sixty pumps are in the current backlog and a plant extension is planned to start in summer 2012 to answer the increasing demand.

In 2010, Areva and Guangdong Nuclear Power Company (CGNPC) set up the Beijing Reactor In-core Control (BRIC) JV for engineering and development of core instrumentation systems for PWRs. With two major orders already signed in 2011, first equipment was delivered at the end of 2011.

Areva In China


Visual inspection of Zy4 tubes, and Zy4 tube layer, CAST plant, Shanghai, China

With regard to procurement, thanks to the long-lasting and uninterrupted partnership with the Chinese nuclear industry, 30% of the main components in Taishan’s unit 1 have been manufactured and installed by Chinese companies; most of unit 2’s heavy components will be manufactured in China. Beyond the construction of the two EPR units in Taishan, Areva will supply the first two fuel cores and 17 reloads, and provide enriched uranium over 15 years, making the EPR Taishan contract the biggest ever signed in nuclear power.

Another compelling example of the Chinese ramp-up to self-reliance is the completion in 2011 of the Ling Ao phase II projects. CGNPC, supported by Areva, took the lead for the completion of the second unit that star ted commercial operations in August 2011.

Front-end fuel partnerships

The Chinese market for nuclear fuel is likely to grow strongly given the large nuclear power programme currently deployed in China. China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) alone estimates its annual requirements for zirconium tubes at 1500 km by 2015, and 2000 km by 2020. To answer the need and ensure security of fuel supply, long-standing partners Areva and CNNC created in 2010 a joint venture to manufacture and market zirconium tubes for PWR fuel assemblies.

CNNC Areva Shanghai Tubing Co., know as CAST, is a 50/50 joint venture between the Areva and CNNC respective subsidiaries: CEZUS, the world’s leading manufacturer of

Taishan EPR unit 1 reactor building dome installation,October 2011. Image courtesy EDF / TNPJVC

zirconium components, and Shanghai Gaotai Tubing Company Ltd (SGTC), specialist in the manufacture of zirconium tubes. The CAST JV will produce the cladding tubes for the two manufacturing plants for fuel assemblies in China, CJNF in Yibin, Sichuan province, and CNNFC in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, whose production is exclusively dedicated to the Chinese domestic utilities.

Currently, the CAST plant’s 70 staff are being trained by Areva’s teams. The plant will be operational by the end of 2012, and will progressively ramp up from 300km tubes/year in 2011 to 1500km tubes/year in 2015, when it should employ 140 people. In July 2011, CAST qualified for Zircaloy 4 tubing for Qinshan reactor type. In October 2011, the JV delivered its first reload to the Qinshan plant, Phase I (reload number 13).

The creation of the CAST JV marks a new step in the cooperation between Areva and CNNC. In the field of fuel design and manufacturing, the two companies have been working together since 1991 and implemented two technology transfers.

The first technology transfer signed in May 1991 was for AFA 2G fuel assemblies, and included the supply of required equipments for manufacturing fuel assemblies as well as technical assistance for the CJNF plant. Qualified in 1996, the plant delivered its first AFA 2G reload the same year. Areva and CNNC collaboration continued with the AFA 3G design implemented from 1998. Today, CJNF supplies all of the fuel needed for the PWRs at the Daya Bay/Ling Ao and Qinshan, Zhejiang province, sites as well as for the new CPR1000 plants.

The CNNFC plant, fruit of three years of close cooperation between Areva and CNNC, received its certificate of qualification for AFA 3G fuel assembly production in April 2010. Fitted with Areva’s latest French and German technological advances, the plant is cur rently manufacturing its first fuel assembly reload for the Qinshan 3 reactor. At present, Areva supplies 100% of the imported key components used in AFA 3G assemblies, which are used in most Chinese Gen II PWR reactors. In 2011, the group posted a record total of components delivery to China equivalent to about 1600 fuel assemblies and associated control rod clusters, representing 30 reloads for a 1000 MWe PWR.

Moving forward, Areva will support CJNF in its project to extend capacity to 400 tons per year, and CNNFC for the creation of a grid manufacturing unit. These new projects further reinforce Areva’s position as a major player to accompany the growth of the nuclear fuel market in China and strengthen production capacities for cladding tubes.

26 Certifications

First Electric Power Construction Company of Hebei Province

Equipment Safety Level Range

Control rod drive mechanism Class 1 Installation

Valve Class 1 Installation

Containment steel liner Class 2 Installation

Reactor internals Class 3 Installation

Pressure vessel Class 2 Installation

Pipes and pipe fittings Class 1 Installation

Heat exchanger Class 2 Installation

Pump Class 2 Installation

Brace Class 1 Installation

Strobe Class 2 Installation

Tank Class 1 Installation

Changsha Pump Factory (Co., Ltd.)


Pump Class 2 & 3 Design and Manufacture

Guangdong Thermal Power Engineering Corporation


Control rod drive mechanism Class 1 & 3 Installation

Valve Class 2 Installation

Containment steel liner Class 2 Installation

Reactor internals Class 3 Installation

Pressure vessel Class 2 & 3 Installation

Pipes and pipe fittings Class 1,2 & 3 Installation

Heat exchanger Class 2 & 3 Installation

Renewed HAF 601 Certifications

October 2012

Guangdong Thermal Power Engineering Corporation


Pump Class 2 & 3 Installation

Brace Class 1,2 & 3 Installation

Strobe Class 2 Installation

Tank Class1,2 & 3 Installation

Sensor 1E Installation

Instruments 1E Installation

Cable 1E Installation

Emergency Diesel Generator 1E Installation

Battery (group) 1E Installation

Valve drive means 1E Installation

Electric motor 1E Installation

Cabinets 1E Installation

Jiangnan Valve Co., Ltd.


Valve Class 2 & 3 Design and Manufacture

Zhejiang Thermal Power Construction Co.


Containment steel liner Class 1 & 3 Installation

Sichuan Sanzhou SCMP Nuclear Equipment Manufacture Incorporation (ASS.ANEM)


Pipes and pipe fittings Class 1 & 3 Manufacture

27 New Regulation

Summary of the

The 12th Five-Year Plan and the 2020 Long-Term Goal for Nuclear Safety and Prevention

and Treatment of Radioactive PollutionFollowing the re-start of the Chinese nuclear energy program, Dynatom has summarized the safety plan that’s setting a new path for the industry. The article below has outlined the most important points made in the document alongside the relevant changes in nuclear energy and its future opportunities.

Preface

The CPC and the State Council have always attached great importance to nuclear safety allowing China to maintain a good safety performance in the utilization of nuclear energy and technology. However, due to the Fukushima accident, arrangements were made in order to enhance nuclear safety plans even further. The plan analyzed China’s nuclear safety’s vulnerability and considerations were made in regards to the principle of “safety first, quality first”.

1.Current Status and Situation

Currently, the industry plays a vital role in optimizing its energy mix and reducing pollutant emissions. Now, after the Fukushima accident, it is crucial to further safeguard nuclear safety and prevent radioactive pollution by facing the new challenges confronted by the industry.

1.1 Positive Progress in Nuclear Safety, Prevention and Treatment of Radioactive Pollution.

1.1.1 The Safeguard system for nuclear safety tends to be perfect.

With reference to the IAEA standards and countries developed in the nuclear energy, China established a standard system of nuclear safety covering various nuclear facilities and activities. Since 2003, China has established legal and regulatory instruments to direct nuclear safety. Furthermore, a safety management system was also set-up for emergency response in case of accidents. Review and supervision capacity, safety culture and monitoring networks were also enhanced over the years so that any nuclear safety risks could be effectively eliminated.

1.1.2 Prevention and treatment of radioactive pollution is in steady progress.

In recent years, China has been enhancing prevention and treatment of radioactive pollution.

Achievements include;

-Decommissioning of earlier nuclear facilities and treatment of

legacy radwastes.

-Decommissioning of a number of smal l reactors and radiochemical laboratories.

-Disposed radioactive sources have been timely collected, and a number of old radioactive devices have been decommissioned.

Overall, the average individual radiation dose is far less than the national limit.

1.2 Challenges of nuclear safety in prevention and treatment of radioactive pollution

1.2.1 The situation of nuclear safety is not optimistic.

The coexistence of multiple reactor types, technologies and standards in China has led to a certain difficulty in safety management. Further improvement shall be made for China’s capacity to prevent and mitigate serious accidents. Some research reactors and nuclear fuel cycle facilities are weak in defense against external events and decommissioning process of earlier nuclear facilities still must be further accelerated. Legacy radwastes needs proper disposal while environmental problems in uranium mining and milling also remain unsolved.

1.2.2 Scientific R&D shall be enhanced.

Overall R&D lacks planning. China suffers from resources disperse, talent shortage and inadequate R&D capacity. Development and revision of regulations and criteria are short of scientific support, and there is a considerable gap between the study of fundamental science and applied technology compared with the advanced international level.

1.2.3 Emergency response system shall be perfected.

Responsibilities for nuclear power group companies in nuclear accident emergencies shall be refined. There is a lack of emergency support system within a nuclear power group companies causing an inadequate system in reserve and allocation of emergency resources. Furthermore, the capacity of local governments to conduct emergency command, response, monitoring and technical support needs to be improved.

1.2.4 Regulatory capacity shall be improved.

28New Regulation

The regulatory capacity for nuclear safety is incompatible with the scale and speed of nuclear energy development. There is lack of independent analysis and assessment, means of verification and calculation for site supervision and regulation enforcement. National radioactive environment monitoring system is yet to be upgraded and monitoring capacity requires considerable improvements.

Additionally, education on nuclear safety, international cooperation in nuclear safety and information disclosure must be reinforced. Lack of talent and investment is also an issue.

2. Guiding and cardinal principles and objectives

2.1 Guiding principles

Adhering to the fundamental principle of “safety first and quality first”, directed by laws, regulations and standards, while pioneering scientific progress, China will further clarify responsibility, optimize mechanism, conduct rigid management, achieve sustained improvement, eliminate potential hazard and unceasingly increase and ensure nuclear safety.

2.2 Cardinal principles

• Priority to prevention.

• Paying equal attention to new and old nuclear facilities, and combining prevention with treatment.

• Relying on science and technology to achieve sustained improvement.

• Carrying out rigid regulation by legislation.

• Achieve harmonious development in an open and transparent way.

2.3 Targeted objectives

Overall objective: Further improve the safety level of nuclear facilities and nuclear technology application devices and considerably reduce safety risk of radiation environment. It is also vital to increase capacity for accident prevention, pollution treatment, scientific innovation, emergency response and safety regulation.

Specific objectives:

To improve the safety level of nuclear facilities, good safety performance indicators shall be maintained for nuclear power units in a good state to avoid level-2 incident and ensure no incident or accident happens at level-3 or above. New nuclear power units shall be endowed with complete measures to prevent and mitigate serious accidents to such extent that the probability of serious core damage per reactor-year shall be less than 1/100000 and the probability of significant release of radioactive materials per reactor-year shall be less than 1/1000000. Major potential safety risk shall be eliminated from research reactors and nuclear fuel cycle facilities to ensure operation safety.

In order to improve the safety level of nuclear technology

application devices, 100% license management shall be implemented for radioisotopes and radio devices to such extent that annual occurrence of radiation accidents shall be less than 2.0 per 10000 radioactive sources.

Reducing Safety Risk of Radiation; Eliminate the safety risk of legacy intermediate and low-level radioactive waste and completing a comprehensive uranium mining and milling treatment.

In order to prevent accidents, safety renovation of nuclear power plants, research reactors and nuclear fuel cycle facilities in operation and under construction shall be completed to improve the capacity of nuclear facilities reducing the risk of external events and preventing and mitigating serious accidents.

Pollution Treatment: An advanced and efficient system for radioactive material treatment and waste disposal commensurate to the development of nuclear industry shall be established.

Scientific Innovation: A scientific innovation platform for nuclear safety and prevention and treatment of radioactive pollution shall be perfected, a number of leading talents must be cultivated and breakthrough shall be made in key technologies.

Emergency Response: The capacity of governments at all levels and functional departments in emergency command, response, monitoring, and technical support shall be strengthened to establish a coordinated force in order to act in case of nuclear accident emergencies.

Safety Regulation: A national R&D base for nuclear and radiation safety regulation shall be built. A regulation technology supporting platform must be setup in order to support safety analysis, assessments, and verifications alongside a national radiation monitoring network.

2020 long-term goal:

The safety level of nuclear facilities in operation or under construction shall be raised sustainably. For new nuclear power units to be built during the 13th Five-Year Plan and thereafter, efforts shall be exerted in the design phase to eliminate the possibility of significant release of radioactive materials.

-Overall treatment of radioactive pollution shall be carried out.

-Achievements shall be made in decommissioning of earlier nuclear facilities.

-Safety risk of legacy radwastes must be eliminated.

-The top-level design and underground laboratories for treatment and disposal of high-level wastes shall be completed.

-A national R&D base for nuclear and radiation safety regulation technology and national radiation environment monitoring system must be completely set up.

-A multi-functional, fast-response and efficient nuclear and radiation accident emergency response system shall be formed.

29 New Regulation

3. Major tasks

Upgrading the safety level of nuclear power plants in operation

Short Term

- Check and waterproofness of relevant doors, windows, cables and wire penetration and process pipe penetration.

- Satisfy requirements for reactor core cooling, cooling of spent fuel pool, prevention of SBLOCA with reactor coolant pump and maintenance of necessary post-monitoring capacity and prepare mobile power supply, mobile pump and adding compatible interface.

- Ensure effective earthquake monitoring recording system and improve the seismic response capacity.

By the end of 2013:

- Put into effect flood prevention measures based on results of various nuclear power plants to evaluate their flood and complete flood prevention modification project in Qinshan NPP.

- Fulfill the review and evaluation of the impact of earthquake and tsunami on coastal nuclear power plants and necessary modifications.

- Lay down and implement directives on serious accident management.

- Evaluate the applicability of equipment and system for mitigation of consequences in case of serious accidents, and implement corresponding improvements and rectifications.

- Conduct analytical evaluation on safety margin against external incidents.

- Study and make response program in case of multi-units entering into emergency status simultaneously.

By the end of 2015:

- Conduct safety analyses of external event probability.

Improving safety level of nuclear power plants under construction

Before first loading:

- Check the waterproofness of relevant pipe trench, corridors, doors and windows, and penetration based to evaluate their flood possibility.

- Satisfy requirements for reactor core cooling, cooling of spent fuel pool, prevention of SBLOCA on the shaft seal of reactor coolant pump and maintenance of necessary post-monitoring capacity and prepare mobile power supply, mobile pump and adding compatible interface.

- Enhance supplementing and monitoring capacity of spent fuel pool.

- Prepare and implement directives on serious accident

management. Consider various accident conditions and the common cause of failure condition in multiple reactor sites, and analyze availability and accessibility of important equipment and monitoring instruments.

- Improve analysis and evaluation of hydrogen elimination system in containment or other buildings in case of serious accidents and undertake necessary improvements.

- Analyze and evaluate capacity and reliability of double units layout in mitigating consequences of serious accidents.

- Further enhance analysis and evaluation on rationality and representativeness of environment monitoring arrangement, and improve emergency monitoring plan in case of serious accidents to ensure available emergency monitoring means in case of various accidents.

- Conduct analysis and evaluation on function and residence available by the emergency control center and adopt necessary improvements.

- Conduct analysis and evaluation on safety against external events.

- Strengthen real-time contact and communication with competent meteorological, oceanic and earthquake administrations and further perfect disaster prevention emergency plan.

- Study emergency response plan for multiple units in the state of emergency and evaluate emergency command capacity and plans for allocation and coordination for emergency rescue workers and supplies.

By the end of 2015:

- Analyze and evaluate reliability of safe-level digital control system from aspects of design, verification and trouble shooting.

- Further undertake secondary probability safety analysis and probability safety analysis of external events.

- Further improve radwastes disposal system, and conduct study on the effectiveness of waste disposal system in case of serious accidents.

Enhancing quality assurance and improving equipment reliability

Codes and regulations and management system concerning nuclear safety equipment shall be improved, and safety responsibilities of operators, general contractors and nuclear safety equipment license holders shall be further clarified. Management on qualification of designers, manufacturers, installers, NDT administers for nuclear safety equipment must also be strengthened.

Encouraging scientific progress and promoting sustained safety upgrading

Enterprises are encouraged to undertake technical innovation in nuclear safety, enhance development and utilization of new

30New Regulation

technologies and processes to achieve sustained improvement in safety. Nuclear safety technology R&D institutes in their shall be supported, while resources and major special channels shall be fully integrated and utilized.

Targeted nuclear technology R&D shall be undertaken, focusing on breakthrough of key technology that restrains nuclear safety development with an aim to improve the overall nuclear safety level of China. R&D in PWR, HTR and spent fuel reprocessing shall be actively pushed forward.

Improving the safety level of nuclear fuel cycle facilities

By the end of 2012

- Conduct seismic verification for old buildings of nuclear fuel cycle facilities in accordance with existing standards, and reinforce or be subject to decommissioning within limited term based upon verification results.

- Build external emergency response support interface aligned with the site’s fuel cycle facilities, perfect emergency plan, and improve the ability to defend against extreme natural disasters.

By the end of 2015

- Construct three wastes treatment and disposal centers and ensure synchronization between them.

- Work out a plan for treatment of depleted uranium-hexafluoride, enhance safety management on depleted uranium-hexafluoride, and conduct stabilization treatment where necessary.

Improving emergency response system to cope effectively with accidental events

Synergized, multi-function, fast-response and efficient emergency preparation and response system shall be established in the principle of being well prepared at any time, being compatible and combining peacetime footing with hardtime footing. Study on emergency preparation and response to serious accident shall be strengthened.

Capacity of nuclear accident monitoring, early-warning, information providing, consequence evaluation, decision making and command shall be improved. Construction of nuclear emergency response and rescue system shall be enhanced, and a professional team under uniform command and dispatch responding to nuclear accident emergency shall be established. emergency preparation and response to serious accident shall be strengthened.

Capacity of nuclear accident monitoring, early-warning, information providing, consequence evaluation, decision making and command shall be improved. Construction of nuclear emergency response and rescue system shall be enhanced, and a professional team under uniform command and dispatch responding to nuclear accident emergency shall be established.

In case of long-time loss of power supply and the condition multi-units accident at the same site, reevaluation of site emergency

response capacity shall be made at various nuclear facilities to perfect emergency plan, adjust and enrich the site emergency response capacity of nuclear facility operators, establish procedures and enhance coordination of emergency plan in and off site.

4. Key projects

To further eliminate potential safety hazards and improve the level of nuclear safety, it is planned to implement such key projects as safety improvement, pollution control, scientific innovation, emergency security and supervision and management capacity building. To improve effectiveness of key projects, the Ministry of Environmental Protection shall establish key project databases in cooperation with related authorities to exercise dynamic management, under which such key project shall be implemented by each administrative region in each annual plan under the guide of such authorities. During the 12th Five-Year Plan, capital investment demand for such key projects shall amount to approximately RMB79.8 billion.

4.1 Safety Improvement in Utilization of Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Technology Project

- Safety reconstruction project for nuclear power plants in operation mainly includes sustained improvement in the capacity of nuclear power plants to defend external natural disasters and mitigate the consequences of serious accidents.

- Safety reconstruction project for nuclear power plants under construction includes safety improvement in measures against flooding, earthquakes, loss of power, optimization and upgrading of monitoring system for post-accident reactor core condition, reconstruction of capacity of water supply to spend fuel pool and safety technology reconstruction processes.

- Safety improvement projects for research reactors and fuel cycling facilities include provision of post-accident reactor core monitoring devices for large and medium research reactors.

- Radiation protection reconstruction project.

- Reconstruction project for safety on technology utilization against safety hazards in devices utilizing nuclear technology, and also enhancing of capacity of metal smelting enterprises in construction of radiation monitoring systems.

- Construction project for experience feedback system mainly includes construction of feedback system for experiences in construction and operation of nuclear facilities and devices utilizing nuclear technology.

4.2 Radioactive pollution control project

- Decommissioning of nuclear faci l i t ies and control o f rad ioac t i ve po l lu t ion and radwastes inc lud ing decommissioning of nuclear facilities left over by history, control of radioactive pollution and wastes.

31 New Regulation

- Construction of regional waste disposal site with 2-3 regional disposal sites for intermediate-level and low-level radioactive solid wastes.

- Radwastes control and environmental treatment of radioactive pollution including exploration of uranium mine, decommissioning of mining and milling facilities and associated mines.

- Demonstration project for monitoring and early warning system for uranium mining, milling and tailing dam.

- Project for decommissioning of irradiation device and recovery of abandoned radiation sources mainly in irradiation device decommissioning and pollution treatment and recovery of abandoned and spent radiation sources.

4.3 Nuclear safety R&D and innovation project

1. Construction of a nuclear power plant R&D center for safety design and analysis technology, BDBA, safety level equipment appraisal and inspection, operation safety and maintenance technology, equipment safety and rel iabi l i ty, advanced fuel element and nuclear-grade equipment material and decommissioning and radwastes treatment engineering.

2. Nuclear safety technology research project must include a number studies on fundamental science and engineering technology that serve management decision making. Study shall be conducted on key technologies such as;

•Reactor safety technologies,

•Plant site safety

•Safety equipment quality reliability technologies of nuclear fuel cycling facilities

•Nuclear tech utilization safety technologies on radioactive substance’s transportation and physical protection

•Nuclear emergency response and anti-terrorism

•Radiation environment impact evaluation and radiation control

•Radwaste treatment and nuclear facility decommissioning safety

•Nuclear and radiation safety and fundamental technologies of laws, regulations and standards

4.4 Project for emergency security in case of nuclear and radiological accidents.

1. Capacity building on environmental monitoring at a national level, provincial level, local city level and in the coastal areas under the jurisdiction of China and adjacent coastal area.

2. Emergency response and post-accident consequence evaluation by building an emergency response technical support platform, creating an emergency data system to support decision making. It also involves building or perfecting 6 regional and 31 provincial command centers for nuclear and radiation safety monitoring, enhancing the capacity of real-time evaluation on

reactor accident conditions and reactor core damages.

3. Projects for capacity building of emergency response at key nuclear bases such as Qinshan, Daya Bay and Lianyungang.

4. Reserve and rescue of nuclear emergency supplies at national, regional, and provincial levels.

5. Increase capacity on entry and exit ports to conduct radioactivity testing in case of nuclear and radiological accidents using radioactive testing equipment, lab radioactive test instruments and protection devices for individuals.

6. Increase medical security for accident emergency response.

7. Construction of a numerical value mode for integrated,

dimensional and nuclear emergency response system to conduct forecast on diffusion of radioactive pollutants and evaluation of long-term impact caused by any nuclear accident.

4.5 Project for capacity building of nuclear safety supervision and management

1. Increase safety supervision and management technology by building capacity for safety performance increasig; verification on safety equipment, simulated safety analysis, safety verification on radwastes safety management and nuclear facility decommissioning, radioactive environment monitoring technology, radiation protection studies, safety monitoring and emergency response, complex for nuclear and radiation safety center and a joint international platform on nuclear and radiation safety.

2. Increase capacity on national radiation environment monitoring system at national, provincial and district/municipal levels, with facility supervisory monitory system under key supervision of China, and a national system for collection and distribution of radiation environment monitoring information.

3. Project on construction of fundamental capacity for nuclear and radiation safety supervision station mainly including construction of fundamental capacity for 6 regional nuclear and radiation safety supervision stations with necessary office rooms, enforcement instrument and equipment.

5. Measures

5.1 Perfecting Laws and Regulations and Tamping the Safety Base

Laws on atomic energy and nuclear safety will be studied and prepared with revision on regulations, rules and standards. Certification by nuclear safety authorities on applicable industrial standards will be perfected and the link between applicable industrial standards and nuclear safety regulations and will be enhanced. Study on nuclear safety management and policy will also be expanded.

5.2 Optimizing Management System to Improve Control Efficiency

The independence, authority and efficiency of nuclear safety

32New Regulation

authorities will be further enhanced. Responsibilities will be clarified, including management research institutions and institutions of higher learning.

Emergency response mechanism will be perfected by combining emergency management with daily supervision and management. Policy guidance will be enhanced to develop an innovative mechanism for nuclear safety technology led by the state and invested by enterprises. Additionally, R&D investment will be expanded to incorporate it into a national system for scientific and technological development management.

Competent authorit ies shall increase harmony between development and safety. The coordination mechanism shall prepare a industrial development strategy and plan, forefront approval, safety supervision and management. A l inked mechanism for natural disaster early warning and emergency response will also be established between competent industrial authorities and nuclear safety authorities.

5.3 Perfecting policies, systems and remedy weakness

Safety licensing systems will be enhanced and responsibilities of nuclear power group companies, owner companies, and specialized companies will be further clarified. Management system and policy for nuclear fuel cycling, nuclear facility decommissioning and radwastes treatment and disposal will be perfected. Additionally, Nuclear power groups will be encouraged to consider and establish a nuclear compensation fund while nuclear facility operators will be encouraged to buy third-party nuclear liability. Planning and environment evaluation system will be implemented and duly carried out. A system for experience exchange and feedback will also be established between competent government, industrial organizations and related enterprises.

5.4 Speeding up talent cultivation and promoting balanced flow

A human resource security plan will be developed to satisfy requirement for nuclear energy and utilization of nuclear technology. A talent education and training system will be created with participation of governments, institutions of higher learning, training institutions and employers, in order to achieve a mode of intensive and scaled talent training. Certification of engineering education on specialized field of nuclear safety will be carried

out and nuclear safety related specialty courses in institutions of higher learning will be enhanced. Moreover, the link between such institutions and industries will be strengthened. Certified nuclear safety engineer system will be perfected and continuous education and training will be enhanced for individuals in key posts of nuclear safety. Qualification management system and training system will be improved for safety supervision and an incentive system will also be perfected to increase wages and remuneration while attracting excellent talents and promoting balanced talent flow.

5.5 Increasing funding investment and ensuring financial security

The leading role of government will be given into full play to establish an effective fund security mechanism, increase financial input in treatment of nuclear safety and radioactive pollution, and advance implementation of planned projects. Applicable preferential tax policies will be carried out to establish a multiple injection mechanism, and expand financing channels in an active manner. For expenses and expenditures involving nuclear emergency response, nuclear insurance, nuclear indemnity, treatment of radioactive pollution with civil nuclear facility and public nuclear safety infrastructure is to be shared by competent governments and enterprises.

6. Plan implementation and evaluation

Enhance coordinated actions

Competent authorities under the State Council shall enhance communication and coordination, clarify responsibility subject pursuant to division of duties, and perfect the mechanism for cooperation and coordination between relevant authorities, in order to push implementation of such plan jointly.

Conduct strict supervision and inspection

Competent authorities of the State Council shall exercise regular supervision and inspection on implementation of such plan, consider solution to any problem in implementation and summarize and publicize good practices and positive experiences. Track down performance of implementation and report to the State Council any major occurrence.

33 Events Calendar

1.The 15th Shenzhen International Connectors and Cable Connectors Industry Exhibition 2012

Date: 2012/12/25-2012/12/27Add:Shenzhen Convention and Exhibition Center Contact:Yan YanTel: 021-64841807 Website:http://www.kuozhanexpo.cn/english/index.asp

2.The 5th China International Sourcing Conference and Show on Public Safety and Security

Date: 2012/12/2-2012/12/2 Add:Crowne Plaza Beijing International Airport HotelContact:XuJinlongTel: 010-63326302Website: http://www.sscchina.com.cn/2012en/index.asp

3.China International Exhibition on Public Safety and Security 2012

Date: 2012/12/3-2012/12/6Add:China International Exhibition Center(the new one)Contact:Liu YunTel: 010-68730588Website:http://www.securitychina.com.cn/english/

4.The 19th Guangzhou Cleaning Equipment and Supply Exhibition

Date: 2012/12/8-2012/12/10Add:China Import and Export Fair Exhibition HallContact:ZhuZhuobin Tel: 020-23376029Website:http://www.fxhotshow.com/english/index.asp

Beijing

Tianjin

Yiwu

Guangdong Shenzhen

Events Calendar

5.The Fifth(Guangzhou)Labor Protection & Security Protective Equipment Exhibition 2012

Date: 2012/12/13-2012/12/15Add: Guangzhou pazhou poly world trade exhibition hallContact:Key MissTel: 020-28033663 Website: http://www.laobaoexpo.com/e-intro.asp?sortID=1

6.2012 China International Environmental Protection Equipment and Energy-saving Products Exhibition

Date: 2012/12/17-2012/12/19Add:Yiwu International Exhibition HallContact:RenZhengquanTel:0579-85236221Website: http://www.cepefair.com/

7.2012 The Fourth China’s Energy Enterprises Summit Forum

Date: 2012/12/7-2012/12/8Add:Kempinski Hotel BeijingContact:SuhuiTel: 010-67185498

8.2012 China International Coal Chemical Industry Exhibition

Date: December 6-8, 2012Add: Beijing Exhibition Center, ChinaContact:Zhao QingTel: 010-64283093Website: http://www.ciccec.com/en/

34 Technical Article

Technical ArticleL-3 MAPPS: COMPACT I/O Solutions


The input/output (I/O) system is a critical part of any power plant simulator. This system is responsible for relaying operator actions to the simulation and provides the operators with the visual cues(indications and alarms) required to operate the plant. It is essentially the data link between the simulation server running the plant models and the simulator's main control room panels.

In recent years, L-3 MAPPS has deployed several compact I/O systems on various projects. Several years ago, when L-3 MAPPS was made aware by its original I/O equipment supplier announced that several electronic components for the legacy Datapath SC I/O system were becoming difficult to procure, L-3 MAPPS decided to evaluate and select an up-to-date, cost-effective I/O solution for its customers. So L-3 MAPPS conducted a thorough technical evaluation of twenty-three (23) I/O solutions from various worldwide vendors located in countries such as the USA, Canada, China, Germany and Spain. The evaluation criteria included such factors as high reliability, being non-proprietary, high availability (worldwide), large user base, expandability, flexibility (centralized and distributed architecture) and cost.

While L-3 MAPPS sources several different I/O systems as required to best fit the needs of its customers, one of the more widely used solutions is discussed here.

Compact I/O SolutionsAn approach that has been adopted by L-3 MAPPS is to take advantage of compact I/O systems for both full scope simulators and simulator I/O replacement projects. The selected compact I/O solution is actually the smallest modular, fieldbus independent, low power consumption and distributed I/O system available on the market. Two manufacturers offer this innovative technology commonly used in the industrial automation, building automation, marine automation, and onshore/offshore applications: WAGO and Beckhoff Automation. Each manufacturer has dozens of distributors worldwide. L-3 MAPPS has worked with both

L-3 MAPPS has been using compact input/output (I/O) solutions on recent full scope simulators and simulator I/O system replacements.This paper looks at Orchid® IO and describes the wide variety of applications where this technology can be utilized.

manufacturers' technologies on different projects. The small dimensions (approximate) of the I/O modules are impressive: 12mm (W) X 65mm (H) X 100mm (L).

All I/O modules are mounted on a standard 35mm DIN rail without the need for a dedicated chassis or backplane. The first I/O module in a group of modules (I/O node) is always the Ethernet controller which reads/writes to/from the local bus (communication with adjacent I/O modules) and communicates with the simulation server. The Ethernet controller is approximately four times as wide as standard modules and can support up to 255 I/O modules with the use of repeater modules (64 without repeater modules). A bus extender can be added if more than 64 modules are desired on a specific node. The Ethernet controller also has also the capability of running user-programmable control logic that can be utilized to drive special devices that may require faster update rates(e.g. synchroscopes). A wide variety of I/O modules are available for specialized applications to supplement the high density standard color-coded modules such as analog input (up to 8 channels) analog output (up to 8 channels), digital input (up to 16 channels) and digital output (up to 16 channels). For ease of maintenance, the I/O modules have a built-in terminal block such that modules can be replaced easily. All I/O modules use passive ventilation resulting in less cabinet noise than conventional I/O systems.

Orchid ＠ Input OutputThe Orchid IO solution revolves around the powerful Orchid IO soft ware. The software can run on the simulation server or on a dedicated I/O computer. Orchid IO handles the engineering to electrical unit conversions and communicates with the simulation and the various I/O nodes. Orchid IO includes the necessary features to configure, maintain and troubleshoot the entire I/O system. It allows the hardware engineer and technician to monitor the health and status of all the I/O nodes and to force and monitor individual I/O points. The software also includes detailed historical logs for trouble shooting purposes. Orchid IO is able to seamlessly integrate I/O nodes from different types of I/O systems. Orchid IO is delivered with detailed off-the-shelf documentation.

Orchid® IO can handle different I/O equipment simultaneously

I/O Node on left-hand side


Full Scope SimulatorsL-3 MAPPS built a full scope simulator for Nucleoeléctrica Argentina S.A. (NA-SA) for the Embalse nuclear power plant (Cordoba Province Argentina) using Orchid IO. The Embalse full scope simulator is currently in factory acceptance testing at our facility in Montreal. L-3 MAPPS has also successfully built a second simulator for Eskom’s Koeberg nuclear power station (Western Cape, South Africa) using the same compact I/O technology.

I/O System ReplacementsCurrently, L-3 MAPPS is working on a project with Pacific Gas & Electric to replace their simulator legacy I/O system with Orchid IO for the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant (California, USA). The unique aspect about this project is that L-3 MAPPS designed a custom I/O chassis with connector adapters all owing the legacy I/O connectors to be interfaced with the new compact I/O modules. The compact I/O modules can either be mounted on the chassis itself, in existing racks or on panel cabinet walls as appropriate for accessibility. The main advantage of this solution is that the existing wiring to the panel instruments remains undisturbed.

Orchid IO was also selected by NB Power to perform a progressive (panel by panel) I/O replacement for the Point Lepreau nuclear power plant simulator (New Brunswick, Canada). NB Power elected to perform the upgrade themselves with our support. This project is currently ongoing.

Plant DCS Software ValidationAnother possible application for the compact I/O solution is Distributed Control System (DCS) software validation. L-3 MAPPS delivered to Ameren Missouri’s Callaway nuclear power plant (Missouri, USA) an engineering simulator used for stimulating the Siemens SPPA-T3000 Integrated Control System (ICS) for the feedwater control system before it was actually installed in the plant. The engineering simulator utilized Orchid IO to transfer data between the ICS and the simulation server running the plant models.

The engineering simulator also included a software switch

to select between the simulated legacy feedwater control system, the new simulated ICS or the new stimulated ICS.

Compact I/O solutions have now been proven on full scope simulators with Orchid IO acting as the nervous system. I/O system upgrades are a reality for aging simulators when legacy I/O systems become obsolete and the number of available spare parts is insufficient to ensure continued, reliable simulator operation. L-3 MAPPS’ Orchid IO provides a credible answer to the issue of legacy I/O systems reaching end of life. The solutions offered by L-3 MAPPS are cost effective, reliable, easy to use, flexible, expandable, and take advantage of modern, widely used I/O equipment that are widely used and have with a long life future ahead of it of them.

L-3 MAPPS8565 Côte-de-LiesseMontréal, QuébecCanada, H4T 1G5Tel: +1-514-787-4999Fax: +1-514-788-1442Email: [email protected]/MAPPS

Orchid® IO software provides all the features necessaryto configure, monitor and troubleshoot the I/O system

from any computer on the I/O network

38News

NEWSHighlights of the Month

Company News

International Cooperation

NPP News

39 News

Highlights of the MonthA Key Nuclear Technology Defeats Foreign Monopoly

The technology to bend a large-sized piece of sheet metal which is nearly half a meter thickinto cylindrical, curved or conical parts is an essential and basic nuclear technology in many areas such as the nuclear industry, shipbuilding, aerospace and military enterprises. Recently, this technology,which has completely independent intellectual property rights,has been developed successfully in Shandong Province. The experts believe the nuclear technology surpasses the existing equipment at home and abroad and is an international-level technology.

The equipment, named the “WS11K-350/450x3500 Large CNC Level-Down Three-Roller Plate Rolling Machine”, is able to process sheet materials of the largest size to the highest precision in the world. The highlights of this technology are its hydraulic system & dynamic system. Each technical and performance indicator has reached or exceeded the national standard, hydraulic and power system technology surpasses similar foreign products. The technology also has a unique special numerical control system by which it can monitor and control equipment remotely and can also troubleshoot and analyze online.

This technology can process 35cm cold plate and 45cm hot plate (the largest in the world) while its price is about 1/4 of the exported products.

Source: http://news.bjx.com.cn/

CAP 1400 Nuclear Power Program: the first large forging passes performance test

On November 6, the CAP1400 nuclear power steam generator barrel B forging completed all the required performance tests. Each performance indicator satisfies the design standards of the CAP1400 steam generator and some even reach the international standard.

This forging is the first among the major specific program CAP1400 projects to complete the performance test and lays a solid foundation for the manufacturing of the steam generator.

It is manufactured by Shanghai Zhongxing Jiqi Chang which is owned by Shanghai Electric Group and is the major specific program for APWR,

Source: http://www.china-nea.cn/

Fangda Carbon: Major Breakthrough in HTGR Carbon Pile Internals Manufacturing Technology

The Carbon Pile Internals Manufacturing Program for High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR), which has been in development and construction for 4 years by Fangda Carbon New Material Technology Company (referred to as Fangda Carbon), has been granted approval after the examination and verification of the expert panel and put into production. This shows that Fangda Carbon has officially entered the production field on nuclear-grade carbon products, thus filling the void of the manufacturing technology and products for the HTGR carbon pile internals.

A leader of Fangda Carbon stated that Fangda’s self-developed nuclear-grade carbon material has realized the localization of the key nuclear power materials. Moreover, it has market advantage as it costs only 1/3 of the imported product.

In 2008, Fangda Carbon as the only enterprise authorized to conduct the research on the key technology of HTGR carbon pile internals in cooperation with HuanengShidao Bay Nuclear Power Co., Ltd and Chinergy Co., Ltd. In 2011, Fangda’s production technology went through the procedure qualification which enables Fangda Carbon to mass-produce the nuclear-grade carbon materials.

After this on-site examination and verification, the expert panel unanimously agreed that manufacturing of the carbon pile internals could commence.

As the only domestic enterprise qualified to produce nuclear-grade carbon products, Fangda Carbon’s internals manufacturing project has successfully been put into construction, marking its capacity to mass-produce nuclear-grade carbon material, which is of significant importance to China’s nuclear power development.


SNPTC: Begins Providing Technical Support for NPP Construction in Developed Countries

A “Technical Support Service Contract for American VOGTLE Program” has been signed between the State Nuclear Power Technology Corp. (SNPTC) and the Shaw Group in the USA. According to the contract, the State Nuclear Power Engineering Company, belonging to SNPTC, will dispatch its first group of engineers and technicians to work on the VOGTLE nuclear power project construction in the USA by the end of this year. This will be the first time for Chinese nuclear power enterprises to offer technical support service to the developed countries which are constructing the Generation III nuclear power plant.

Gen-III nuclear power is the mainstream of the new round of nuclear power development with the characteristics of short construction cycle, long lifespan, high safety and bright economic prospects. AP1000 nuclear power technology is generally recognized as the most secure technology, but it has a higher requirement for equipment and production. Moreover, there is no

40News

VOGTLE NPP

reference in practice.

After the introduction of AP1000 technology, China is embarking on the construction of the first four AP1000 units worldwide. Through digesting and absorbing this technology, China has subsequently mastered the key technologies such as nuclear island containment, module, primary pipe and large forging manufacture and the whole concreting. Now China has successfully finished all its research and development for the AP1000 key equipment.

Under this contract, there will be 6 technicians from the Chinese side involved in the VOGTLE NPP construction being America’s first AP1000 Project undertaken by Shaw Group. The extensive Chinese experience in AP1000 project construction will be applied to the American program and then use the experience from this project in more cooperative fields, this initiative will facilitate the future application and promotion of the Gen-III passive safe nuclear power technology around the world.

Source: http://np.chinapower.com.cn/

Fudan University exhibited magic “ointment” on CIIF

During the 2012 China International Industry Fair (CIIF) in November, Professor Yang Zhenguo, together with his team

working in the Department of Materials Science of Fudan University, displayed his independently developed polymer composite adhesive which is able to prevent coating materials on key parts of nuclear power equipment from corrosion, thereby significantly reducing the risk of harmful substances leaking owing to erosion therefore considerably improving the synthetic safety margin of the nuclear power plant.

Fudan University’s experts warned that some heat pipes which have been proven good abroad for more than 40 years may not suit China’s conditions. After a series of materials testing and trials conducted by Yang Zhenguo and his team, they created the polymer composite adhesive which can be spread on the “easily bruised skin” of heat pipes as an ointment. It is technically named as “multi-component multi-functional block polymerization blending resin” that is an ideal material used for the surface coating engineering of the heavy anticorrosive equipment and pipes.


Inner Mongolia: the Largest Domestic World-Class Uranium Mine

The uranium exploitation in Daying District in central Inner Mongolia, launched by the Central Geological Exploration Fund, has made a major breakthrough—a domestic largest-scale in-situ leachable sandstone-type uranium deposit has been

Provided by Mr. Charles C. Watson Jr

41 News

found, Xinhua News Agency learned from the Ministry of Land and Resources. The cumulative amount of uranium resources controlled by this area, together with a previous discovery, ranks as world-class. It is of great significance for China to base its nuclear power programs on the domestic supply of uranium resources and to improve the resource support capacity for nuclear power development.

Owing to the innovative idea of “Exploring Coal and Uranium Simultaneously” suggested by the Central Geological Exploration Fund, the exploration team conducted radioactivity logging and cataloging to explore the sandstone uranium deposit at the same time when they drilled for coal exploration. After they have targeted a series of potential uranium areas, they will immediately begin their prospecting.

During this exploration, there were 4 exploration teams, 28 sets drilling rigs and over 500 technicians and constructors from China National Nuclear Corp., China National Administration of Coal Geology and Department of Land and Resources of Inner Mongolia as well as the Bureau of Geology Exploration in Inner Mongolia. Under their common efforts and the guiding of the new prospecting idea, they not only evaluated an extensive coal mine with a total resource of 51 billion metric tons but found a super-large uranium resource, thus they have saved a great amount of investment and also shortened the exploration period. It is anticipated that this uranium ore will help achieve significant economic and social benefits, especially in the development of China’s nuclear power.

Source: http://hn.ifeng.com/

China’s Nuclear Power Industry Likely to Face Adjustment

China Power Investment Corp. (CPI), which exclusively controls the construction of nuclear power programs among China’s five large power generation groups, is listing for sale its Liaoning Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. The fact that CPI “abandoned” its affiliated enterprise does not indicate its intention to pull out of the nuclear power field; instead it reveals a strong signal: China’s nuclear power industry is likely to be adjusted, CPI consultant Xiao Han stated.

Firstly, approval for the coastal nuclear power projects sees the restart of nuclear power development. A majority of the plants along the coast are busily preparing to go into construction and it seems nothing can stop the growth of nuclear power. The two tycoons in the nuclear power field-CNNC and CGNPC will certainly benefit considerably with its monopolistic advantages further expanding their market shares; while conversely, some medium-sized and small enterprises are doomed to be ejected from the nuclear market, thus the structure of the nuclear power industry will be more “singular”.

Secondly, the fact that inland nuclear power projects were temporarily shelved will aggravate some enterprises’ financially. Most of the inland nuclear-related enterprises had invested heavily in technology and talents before the State Council released its new plans. If they exit now, it will be impossible for them to recoup their considerable investments.

Lastly, the future of China’s nuclear power is more and more ambiguous. It is well known that “removing nuclear” is an

objective worldwide; it is doubtful that parts of nuclear programs will be immediately restarted. If nuclear power accounts for a significant proportion of the energy architecture, why not approve the inland nuclear programs as soon as possible?

Source: http://finance.ce.cn/

Green-light to the New Nuclear Programs

During the State Council Executive meeting recently convened and presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao, the “12th Five-Year Plan for Energy Development” was discussed and approved alongside the “Plan for Nuclear Power Safety (2011-2020)” and the “Plan for Nuclear Power Development in the Mid-Long Term”.

The conference mapped out the development of nuclear power in the short and long term: During the period of “12th Five-Year Plan”, a limited number of nuclear power plant sites can only be selected from coastal areas rather than inland; the threshold has been increased for new nuclear program approval and new programs are obliged to be in compliance with the strictest safety requirements. Moreover, all new nuclear units must satisfy the Generation III safety standards.

Professionals disclosed that the passing of the two plans mentioned above means that there are actually no policy obstacles in green-lighting the new nuclear programs and the nuclear power construction has been fully restarted after it was “frozen” over a year an a half ago due to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.

The construction is expected to be resumed soon with a scale of 4,400MW units. Judging from the current situations of the units that are under construction, 40,596MW nuclear units will be built by the year of 2015 and there still remains 28,000MW capacity to be completed.

In the short term, parts of nuclear projects whose reactor-type isn’t controversial are anticipated to be approved ahead of time, such as the Shidaowan High-temperature gas-coolant reactor program, Tianwan VVER project and the Fuqing CPR 1000 project.


Successful Development of Nuclear-Related Cable and Cable Bridge Fire Protection Device

The scientific research project “Cable and Cable Bridge Fire Protection Device for ERFB-100 Nuclear Power Plant”, jointly launched by China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd, Yantai Jinrun Fire Protection Engineering Co., Ltd and Beijing Shanjiang Scientific & Technology Development Co., Ltd, has been successfully developed in October. It marks the end of all the testing projects concerning the passive fire protection device which involves the safe shut-down. At the same time this device has preliminarily realized localization.

Cable and Cable Bridge Fire Prevention Device are designated to protect the cable and prevent the A/B series cable from common mode failure during a fire disaster. Since August, 2010 when the scientific research contract was signed, all sides have worked for two years and undertaken numerous tests before it was finally affirmed that this device performed the same as similar products

42News

at home and abroad.


China Experimental Fast Reactor Project Passed the Acceptance Check

The China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) project has passed the acceptance check organized by China Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). The establishment of the CEFR means that China’s nuclear power development has made a significant breakthrough in the “Three-Step Development Strategy”--“Pressurized Water Reactor--Fast Reactor—Fusion Reactor”. At the same time it indicates that China has reached the international advanced level in research and development of the Generation IV nuclear power technology and has grown to be one of the few countries which have mastered fast reactor technology.

It is reported that fast reactor is the preferred reactor type in the advanced Generation IV nuclear power system for its characteristics of high-usage of uranium resources, nuclear waste transmutation and high safety levels. It represents the development direction of the Generation IV nuclear energy system. The thermal design power of CEFR is 65 MW and electric power 20 MW. Being one of the few CEFRs with superpower and power-generation functions in the world, its main system settings and preferences remain the same as the large-scale fast reactor plants.

China Experimental Faster Reactor program is specifically under taken by the China Ins t i tu te o f Atomic Energy (CIAE). CIAE invited several hundred domestic institutes to participate in the research and development and also have a close international cooperation with some overseas research institutes such as Russia. Working together, they subsequently completed the preliminary research, design, construction and commissioning.

Wan Gang, president of CIAE revealed that it has achieved many innovative accomplishments via the R&D and construction of CEFR and has realized the self-research, self-construction, self-operation and self-management of the experimental fast reactor. China has been equipped with a complete research and development capacity and a group of technical talents. As the advanced high-tech platform, CEFR will continue to make contributions to the fast reactor technical progress and the sustainable development of nuclear energy.

On the basis of this CEFR platform, MOST and CNNC are continuing to back up the CIAE to develop the key technology for Demonstration Fast Reactor, MOX fuel, after-treatment and so on, aiming to realize the industrialization of China’s fast reactor and to established China’s advanced nuclear fuel cycle system.

Moreover, in order to push the commercial progress of the fast reactor and to create an industry chain, China has founded a technical innovation strategy alliance for fast reactor industrialization, taking the lead from CIAE with over 50 relevant institutes participating.

Source: http://news.ifeng.com/

Insurance Funds invest in Nuclear Power for the First Time

With the end of the nat iona l nuc lear power secur i ty check and the release of the national nuclear security p lann ing , i nsu rance funds f i na l l y i nves ted i n to the nuclear power f ield after almost three years of careful consideration.

“Taiping Assets-CGNPC Nuclear Power Programs Financial Claims & Investment Plan”, sponsored by Taiping Assets Management Co., Ltd, wil l invest RMB 5 bil l ion for the construction of Taishan NPP and Yangjiang NPP belonging to China Guangdong Nuclear Power Holding Co., Ltd (CGNPC). This program will be the initiative for the insurance funds entering the nuclear power fields.

Source: http://realtime.xmuenergy.com/

A Chinese investor in Imouraren?

According to the newspaper “La Tribune”, Areva is on the verge of closer ties with China Guangdong Nuclear Power Company (CGNPC). The supervisory board of the French nuclear group is considering to transfer 13% of Imouraren SA’s capital to CGNPC, which manages the Niger uranium mine of the same name, against 'several hundred million'.

CGNPC is wholly owned by the Chinese government. Areva, in partnerships with this group and EDF, is building two new EPR reactors in Taishan, China.

The Tribune believes the sale could reach 220 million euros.

Currently Areva holds 57% of Imouaren SA, alongside the State of Niger (33%) and Korean Investors (10%).

The sale of this participation will help to finance Areva's 1.2 billion needed for the operation of this very promising mine. With a planned production of 5,000 metric tons of uranium per year, according to the Tribune, it should be the second largest in the world.


Company NewsCGNPC and Tsinghua University: Establishing a Joint Lab of Nuclear Materials and Service Safety

On November 6, the establishment ceremony of “CGNPC -Tsinghua Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Service Safety” was launched in the Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University. Mr. Shu Guogang, the general manager of China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd (CNPEC) and Mr.

43 News

R&D programs for turbines, generators and steam separators that met the specific program’s requirements for independence and advancement.

The large turboset for nuclear power are the key equipment of the nuclear island which includes turbine, generator and other major equipment. Currently the supply of 1,000 MW turbines is commonly conducted by the equipment manufacturing enterprises at home and abroad.

DEC has formed the comparatively complete capacity for manufacturing nuclear-related equipment and has supplied 1000MW turbines for Lingao NPP and Ningde NPP.

Signing this contract at the time when the State Council has just approved two programs concerning nuclear power has a great significance in effectively developing the nuclear power industry. Source: http://www.china-nea.cn/

CGNPC and CNNC plan to establish a joint nuclear fuel company

China’s two nuclear power heavyweights - CGNPC and CNNC - are planning and contriving their cooperation in the field of nuclear fuel production, the information was disclosed on November 8.

The information also revealed that they have reached a preliminary agreement on cooperation in the nuclear fuel industry.

It is said the share distribution is preliminarily made as follows: CNNC will hold 51% and CGNPC will hold 49%. But they are still negotiating on the details.

Both parties expect to start this program as soon as possible and are trying to launch it next year, the information said.

Source: http://finance.sina.com.cn/

SNPTC Plans to Create a National Energy Equipment & Material Industrial Park

The cooperation conference on constructing national energy equipment & a material industrial park was held in Beijing in November. The State Nuclear Power Technology Corp.(SNPTC) together with Jiangsu Yixing Economic Development Zone and Yinhuan Holding Group has reached an agreement on the objective of the industrial park’s construction and the key issues. In addition, they have signed an MOU (Memorandum of Understanding). Wang Binghua, the president of SNPTC and leaders from Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee attended the conference.

According to the MOU, SNPTC will dispatch a work team to Yixing to organize the State Nuclear Power (Jiangsu) Technology Corp. which is controlled jointly by SNPTC, Yixing Economic Development Zone and Yinhuan Holding Group. It will register by the end of this year with registered capital of RMB 500 million.

This industrial park program will have RMB 10 billion invested in it, with a total planning area of 3,300 km2With the progress of the program, it will build R&D base, training center and life-supporting facilities.


Jiang Shengyao, the vice-chancellor of Tsinghua University, unveiled a plaque on behalf of each side.

As one of the most important subjects for their cooperation in scientific and technological innovation, this lab will be dedicated to scientific and technological R&D in the nuclear materials and service safety fields,while taking full advantage of the technological base and superiortalent from Tsinghua University as well as practical experience and capacity in engineering construction from CNPEC.

Mr. Shu pointed out this lab is their first joint laboratory in cooperation with colleges and universities and also a major step for them to create a collaborative innovation platform for nuclear power equipment.

Committee member of the NSFC Commission, and leaders from Shenzhen DRC and China Academy of Engineering Physics participated in this inaugural ceremony.

The establishment of this lab is an important strategy to realize the full-coordinated development of nuclear power technical equipment, the nuclear power industry and to effectively upgrade nuclear power technology. Source: http://www.china-nea.cn/

BRIUG and SREC signed a letter of intent on resource development cooperation

During the 14th China Mining Exhibition from November 3 to 6, the Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology (BRIUG) took part in the docking signing ceremony of the mineral resource exploration &development project. Li Ziying, the president of BRIUG was invited to this ceremony and signed the letter of intent on resource exploration overseas with Sinomine Resource Exploration Co., Ltd (SREC) in terms of the two prospecting zones in Zambia, Africa.

This initiative has further pushed forward the cooperation between BRIUG and other mining industries at home and abroad and also shows the determination of BRIUG to step up its resource exploration overseas.


SNPTC and DEC signed third-generation equipment development & procurement contract for CAP1400 demonstration project

On November 7, the State Nuclear Power Technology Corp. (SNPTC) and Dongfang Electric Corp. (DEC) signed a contract for a T/G package (including Turbine, Generator, Steam Separator etc.) development &procurement for the APWR CAP 1400 Demonstration Project which is the major national scientific & technological specific program.

According to the contract, DEC will be responsible for the R&D, design and production of the CAP1400’sturboset which has independent intellectual property rights. The chairman of the board of SNPTC, Mr. Wang Binghua, and Wang Ji, the chairman of DEC, together with other leaders attended this signing ceremony.

This procurement contract had gone through bidding, evaluation of bid, experimental verification, design review and multi-round negotiations lasting over 2 years. DEC finally worked out the

44News

CNNC: To Promote the Natural Uranium Resource Exploitation

Surrounding the subject of natural uranium security after the State Council’s new nuclear development plan, Sun Qin, the chairman of the board of China National Nuclear Corp. (CNNC) and fellow members specifically came to CNNC Tongliao Uranium Industry Company to conduct a survey on its natural uranium development and site construction.

Mr. Sun indicated that the recent new plan approved by the State Council also set a specific goal for the development of natural uranium, which is an opportunity for CNNC’s uranium development but at the same time a big challenge. To develop the nuclear power industries, the exploration and development of natural uranium resources are the most important foundation. Therefore, CNNC will strongly support Tongliao Uranium Industry Company to create its own way of uranium security.

Tongliao Uranium Industry Company is a typical representative for the principle of “New Program, New Mechanism on Natural Uranium Development” issued by Department of Geology & Mining CNNC. Sun Qin spoke highly of its significant accomplishments in management and technology innovation.

He also pointed out that Tongliao district has a rich uranium reserve with great potential to become a large-scale uranium production base, technical research base and personnel training base. In order to promote the exploitation of uranium, Mr. Sun proposed four requirements:

to strengthen cooperation and make a plan for capacity, technology and workers;

to continue to promote technological innovation and learn from advanced foreign technology and experience;

to enhance the corporate cultural construction and improve the workers’ mental attitude;

to strengthen confidence and speed up the development rate and strive to make great contributionsto the nuclear industry. Source: http://np.chinapower.com.cn/

CPI Listing Transferring the Shareholding of Liaoning Nuclear Power Co., Ltd

China Power Investment Corp. (CPI) has transferred its 100% shareholding in Liaoning Nuclear Power Co., Ltd (referred to as LNP below),listedon the China Beijing Equity Exchange at RMB 202 million.

The listing announcement revealed that Liaoning Nuclear Power Co., Ltd was founded on January the 27th, 2005 with registered capital of RMB 86 million; its scope of business covers the construction of nuclear power plant projects. Its ownership structure is as follows:

CPI 80%, Liaoning Energy Investment (Group) Co., Ltd 10%, and

Dalian Construction Investment Co., Ltd 10%.

According to LNP’s annual audit report in 2011 and financial statement in 2012, its proceeds of business in 2011 were RMB 177.7 thousand with retained profits of RMB 352.9 thousand; while as of the last day of August in 2012, its takings, profits and net margin were all zero.

In addition, taking December the 31th 2011 as the base day of assets evaluation, LNP’s total assets were RMB 620.7318 million;

total liabilities RMB 418.7787 million;

net assets RMB 201.9531 million and

assessed value of transferring RMB 201.9531 million.

It is acknowledged that LNP, together with Jiangxi Nuclear Power Co., Ltd (Pengze NPP) and Shangdong Nuclear Power Co., Ltd (Haiyang NPP) is the subsidiary held by CPI in the nuclear power field. Information reveals that this company was established to develop, construct and operate Liaoning nuclear power projects, including Hongyanhe nuclear power project.

As the first approved nuclear power program during the “11th Five-Year Plan”, Hongyanhe NPP Unit 1 will be integrated into the grid and generating power by the end of this year.


Breakthrough of Overseas Uranium Resources’ Commercial Use

CNNC Societe Des Mines D’Azelik S.A (French name of this company) held the ceremony of departure for the first uranium products in Niger. After over 4-years of construction and commissioning, the uranium of Societe Des Mines D’Azelik S.A finally realized the initial product sale and was put into commercial operation, marking it has made a breakthrough for China’s enterprises to realize the commercial use of the overseas uranium resources.

D’Azelik’s uranium project is led by CNNC and commonly promoted by Chinese and Niger governments for the purpose of political mutual trust and economic mutual benefit. Moreover, it is the first overseas uranium development project with self-design, self-construction and self-management.

Launched in July, 2008 and commissioned in March, 2011, this project has made great accomplishments with the support of CNNC and other shareholders. Most importantly, it allows China to occupy a place in the African uranium market which has always been monopolized by western countries, and accumulate experience for overseas uranium exploration.

In addition, the shipment of the uranium products were deliberately conducted by Societe Des Mines D’Azelik S.A despite facing the challenges of joint rail and water transportation, and crossing multinational borders. Now it has a better understanding of the key points of international uranium product transportation and can provide security for the transport and export of such products.

Source: http://www.cnnc.com.cn/

SNPTC Evaluated its Subsidiary

Wei Suo, the vice-general manager of State Nuclear Power Technology Corp.(SNPTC) made an evaluation of its subsidiary, State Nuclear Power Research Institute, on October the 12th.

The institute reported the progress of recent work and the future plans in organization management and the construction of the scientific & technological city.

Mr.Wei highly commended their performance during the last 12 months and delivered his sincere expectation for the future improvement in infrastructure, regulatory framework and talent management.Source: http://www.snptc.com.cn/

45 News

International CooperationEDF and Areva have signed an initial agreement with Chinese CGNPC

EDF and Areva have formalized the first stage of an agreement for the construction of a nuclear reactor with China's CGNPC. According to their internal weekly magazine "Living EDF", a "cooperation agreement" was signed on October 19th in Avignon during a visit to CGNPC in France. This agreement states, "Collaborative teams will develop a new third-generation reactor". In Mid-November, the Elysee Palace said that the Nuclear Policy Council believed in a "strategic development of a sustainable and balanced partnership with China on the principle of priority given to safety."

U n d e r t h e p r e v i o u s g o v e r n m e n t , N i c o l a s S a r k o z y requested the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) to conduct negotiations with EDF and Areva "for a Comprehensive Partnership with China", where most of the new nuclear plant construction p ro jec ts i n the wor ld a re l oca ted . The coopera t ion agreement signed in October is so far a "memorandum

Meeting between CNEA and WNA. From right to left : Mr. Agneta Rising and Mrs. Agneta Rising, Mr. Zhang Huazhu, Ms. Lei Mei Fang

of unders tand ing" (MOU). The three par tners in the coming weeks should cont inue the i r negot ia t ions on the reactor ’s design (1000-1200 MW) on the boiler and project engineer ing. Operators EDF and CGNPC wi l l give feedback. "It will be the first reactor from the design to incorporate the lessons learned from the Fukushima nuclear accident and respond to the highest level of safety requirement" says the magazine.

Areva is anticipating the next step, which will precisely define the design of the future reactor. According to EDF, these agreements could be implemented in late 2012 or early 2013.

Source: http://www.lesechos.fr/

Director-General of CNEA met the Director-General Designate of WNA

On November 8th, Mr. Zhang Huazhu, the Director-General of China Nuclear Energy Association (CNEA) met in Beijing with Ms. Agneta Rising, the Director-General Designate of World Nuclear Association (WNA). Mr. Zhang f irst ly congratulated Ms. Rising and expressed his expectation of further communication and cooperation between them during her term of office.

Mr. Zhang added that s ince the establ ishment of the par tnersh ip , the two par t ies have commonly hos ted two Ch ina In te rna t iona l Nuc lea r Indus t ry Seminars respectively in Beijing and Hong Kong and has received a good response, especial ly the WNU Tsinghua Week

46News

which has been held annually for 6 years in cooperation wi th Ts inghua Univers i ty and has t ra ined more than 1,300 professionals and students. He expects this kind of cooperation to be enhanced in the future.

Their cooperation has positive effects and they will definitely continue communicating. They will work together to build an interactive platform in the world nuclear power industry to facilitate the healthy and safe development of the nuclear power industry.


Premier Wen Jiabao met the President of France: enhancing nuclear energy cooperation

Premier Wen Jiabao met Francois Hollande, president of France on November 5 in Vientiane, Laos.

The Premier stated that France is a country with powerful scientific and technological strengths as well as solid industrial foundations, while China is a country with a huge market potential. It will be a win-win strategy for both sides to combine their respective advantage and demand.

The two parties hope to increase their technical cooperation efforts in nuclear energy and also inthe a sector,

Source: http://www.gov.cn/

CGNPC: Natural Uranium Supply from Australia

The first batch of natural uranium products from Australia has been shipped to Yanshan Deep-water Port in Shanghai. They were then transported to the conversion factory for subsequent processing. The successful delivery of this natural uranium order marks China Guangdong Nuclear Power Holding Corp.(CGNPC) has formally established a supplying channel of natural uranium from Australia.

EME Company, based in Perth, Austral ia, is the only subsidiary of CGNPC in Austral ia which shoulders the important mission of providing Australian natural uranium products to CGNPC and guaranteeing the nuclear fuel supply to CGNPC. Earlier in 2011, EME Company was granted the qualification of natural uranium supplier issued by the Australian Government. Seven months later, EME signed the procurement and sales contracts respectively wi th an Austral ian natural uranium manufacturer and CGNPC Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd.

Source: http://www.cgnpc.com.cn/

Vice President of HR of Areva Asia visits Administrative Cadre College

Zhang Weidong, the vice president of HR of Areva Asia, and fellow members, visited CNNC Administrative Cadre College on July the 18th. Two sides had an informal discussion about the issue of personnel training cooperation.

During the meeting, both sides had an in-depth exchange and communication in HR management & development, staff evaluation and performance appraisal, personnel training and inter-school cooperation etc. In accordance with their current situation, needs and cooperative intentions, the two sides have preliminarily determined the framework of strategic cooperation.

Source: http://www.cnnc.com.cn/

Westinghouse and Shaw Group Experts in Sanmen NPP: Exchange Meeting & Study on AP1000 Nuclear Power Design and Construction Technology Optimization

On November 6th, the 2nd Exchange Meeting of AP1000 N u c l e a r P o w e r D e s i g n & C o n s t r u c t i o n Te c h n o l o g y Optimization Research was held in Sanmen’s General Contract Department with the participation of the experts from Westinghouse and also Shaw Group and its delegates from CNI 5th Co., Ltd,Sanmen and Haiyang AP1000 civil engineering programs.

Wu Jie, the General Manager of CNI 5th Co., Ltd delivered a welcome speech. He expected to substantially optimize AP1000’s design &construction technology which is able to make greater contributions to the Generation III nuclear power development. Mr. Bill Poirier from Westinghouse simply introduced the purpose of this meeting and believed this kind of meeting must be able to improve the AP1000 design and construction technology.

The participants discussed the obstacles of design and construction technology met during engineering construction; made some suggestions on how to take advantage of the advanced technology to step up the construction progress, cutting the construction cost and upgrading construction standards. Westinghouse’s experts explained the design idea and analyzed the feasibility of some advice detail by detail. They will also adopt parts of good ideas to apply to AP1000’s design in the future.

Th is exchange meet ing has set a good example for communication between designers and builders as a favorable way to upgrade technology and management level. Furthermore it will definitely promote the progress of AP1000 nuclear power business.

Source: http://www.cnec5.com/

CEO of Atos Worldgird Paid a Visit to CTEC

On October 18th, Mr. Jérôme De Parscau, CEO of ATOS Worldgrid, Mr. Andéol Ayzac, Head of Atos Worldgrid China, Mr. Ye Chen, Nuclear Business Manager, and Mr. Liu Yang, Account Executive of ATOS Worldgrid China made a friendly visit to China Technology Co., Ltd (CTEC).

Mr. Jiang Guojin, General Manager of CTEC, gave the French guests a warm reception. The two sides conducted

47 News

in -depth ta lks on the products , markets and pro jec t opportunities. The discussions were to help strengthen b i la tera l s t ra teg ic re la t ionsh ip and to obta in pro ject opportunities.

ATOS Worldgrid, a branch company of ATOS, delivers services to the energy market and public utilities. It has provided solutions to all 58 in-service EDF nuclear power units in France. In April 2012, it signed a MOU (memorandum of understanding) with CTEC and CNPEC France to strengthen cooperation especially in the field of nuclear energy.

Mr. Xiao Yuhua, Marketing & Sales Director of CTEC also attended the activity.

Source: http://www.ctecdcs.com/

Sino-French Communication on Nuclear Power Development

On October the 29th, Xia Wen, the senior executive vice-president of French AREVA Group visited State Nuclear Power Technology Corp. (SNPTC). Gu Jun, the general manager of SNPTC, together with Wang Jun, the chief-engineer, warmly welcomed them.

During the meeting, the two sides shared their ideas on the progress of global nuclear power development.

All the personnel concerned and the section leaders from the Department of Planning & Development, Department of Engineering Management and International Business Division participated in this conference, which was to benefitthe promotion of technical exchange and experience sharing between China and France.

Source: http://www.snptc.com.cn/

Romania Seeks Chinese Investment in its Reactor

Romania, which is suffering from the severe economic crisis, regarded the Chinese investment as a “life-saving straw”. The country showed great interest in all kinds of investment from China, especially the investment in its two planned nuclear reactors.China’s nuclear enterprises demonstrated a high interest to participate in building the reactors.

The Economic Minister of Romania announced on October, 30 that the China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corp. (CGNPC) may be involved in the nuclear power plant construction program in Romania. CGNPC may provide 40% of the investment for No.3 and 4 Reactors at Gernavoda NPP in southeast Romania, including supporting the construction of electrical equipment, steam generator and electric generator.

It is estimated that the two planned plants will cost about $5.1 billion. If the investment is confirmed, CGNPC would hold a 40% share of No.3 and 4 nuclear reactors.

The strategy of Cooperation with China is not only the key part of Romanian energy policy, but a significant indication of its attracting overseas investment. A spokesman of Romania indicated that in addition to the nuclear field, Romania is also looking to cooperation with China in wind power, water power, and thermal power generation as well as infrastructure construction.

Romania’s Economic Minister revealed that he has sent invitations to China for the construction of thermal power plants and hydraulic power plants with an anticipated investment of about $3 billion.


Vice President of AREVA Visiting CTEC

Ma Jiekun, the executive vice-president of the Department of Nuclear Reactor & Nuclear Service of AREVA, BO Wen, the SVP of Business Division of Operational & New Plants, and Wu Zhengqiang, the manager of the business development unit had a friendly visit to China Technology Co., Ltd (CTEC) on October 26.

In the company of the general manager Jiang Guojin, Ma Jiekun and fellow members the visit gave them a better understanding of CTEC’s DCS system integration, factory testing, and the progress of the production & development of security-level boards.

Currently, AREVA is working on two EPR nuclear reactors in Taishan, China in cooperation with CGNPC and EDF.

Source: http://www.ctecdcs.com/

Nuclear Power Assistant Secretary of DOE Visiting SNPTC

Peter Lyons, the nuclear power assistant secretary of Department of Energy (DOE) and fellow members visited the State Nuclear Power Technology Corp. (SNPTC) on October 25 and were met by Wang Binghua, the president of SNPTC.

The two parties shared their ideas on the issues of the construction of four nuclear power units which are the AP1000 support projects and on energy cooperation between China and American enterprises.

Leaders from SNPTC’s Scientific Research Department, International Business Division and the Commerce Department attended the meeting.


48News

NPP News Approval for R&D Program for a Severe Accident Simulation Platform & Hydrogen Control Device

The National Energy Administration has officially approved the "R&D project implementation control device", this marks the project as having entered the implementation phase.

This is the first time CGNPC- China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute has taken charge of the national energy application technology research and engineering demonstration project since its establishment, and it is also CGNPC's only approved project in this area in 2012.

Under the R&D program, there are three research subjects:

“Full-scope simulation platform R&D for serious accidents in NPPs”,

“Research on the evaluation methods of radioactive release sources”, and

“R&D of the hydrogen control device in NPPs”.

This program, based on the experience & feedback from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, will be devoted to the research & development of the serious accident simulation platform, efficient passive hydrogen recombiner and an online monitoring system for hydrogen concentration. It will also conduct research on hydrogen control technology in the fuel building.

The program is led by the technology institute with the participation of simulation companies and the Nuclear Research Institute of Tsinghua University.

Source: http://www.cgnpc.com.cn/

Shangdong Province’s Nuclear Power Construction Accelerated: Two Nuclear Power Projects Approved

The nuclear power project construction in Shandong Province has been speeded up recently. Huaneng Shandong Shidao Bay nuclear power plant is expected to start construction in the middle of December this year, being the second plant to be put into construction following the Yantai Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant in Shandong Province.

During the State Council’s executive meeting: “Plan for Nuclear Power Safety (2001-2020)” and “Plan for Nuclear Power Development in the Mid-Long Term (2011-2020)” it was discussed once again and approved. It points out that China will resume the normal construction of nuclear power projects, however, only a few coastal projects are allowed to restart during the period of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”. Moreover, new nuclear units must be subject to Generation III safety standards.

Because Shidao Bay nuclear power plant is compliant with these conditions it was able to be approved.

Until now, there have been two nuclear power projects in Shandong Province “breaking the freeze” of nuclear power programs among the three large nuclear power projects—Haiyang Nuclear power project, Shidao Bay project and Hongshiding project.


Hopes Postponed of Approval for Restarting Inland Nuclear Power Programs

The State Council’s: “Plan for Nuclear Power Development in the Mid-Long Term (2011-2020)”, clearly announced that China will steadily restart its nuclear power project construction but will not relaunch the inland nuclear power programs before 2020. Therefore, the inland nuclear power programs will continue to await their approval for restart until the release of the energy policy during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period.

Lin Boqiang, the director of the Energy & Economic Research Center at Xiamen University, said in an interview: “Although postponing the inland nuclear power programs will slow down our nuclear power development’s progress, nuclear security should come first, so it is reasonable for China to make such decisions”.

Following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the State Council instantly suspended the approval of most nuclear projects. However, due to the uneven distribution of energy resources, many inland provinces lacking conventional energy are frequently confronted with the power shortages. It is obvious that to construct nuclear power projects inland will be necessary in the future when China’s nuclear power matures.

In the following three years, the three major inland NPPs—Taohuajiang nuclear project in Hunan Province, Xianning nuclear project in Hubei Province and Pengze nuclear project in Jiangxi Province, will have to re-focus their of work on scientific research for the programs, modification of plant designs and maintenance of the plant.

It is predicted that up to the end of 2011, Taohuajiang nuclear program had received investments of about RMB 3.8 billion;

the Xianning program had investments of about RMB 3.4 billion;

Pengze nuclear project’s investment also reached RMB 3.4 billion by May 2012.

It is reported that Hunan Province is able to build about 10 nuclear power plants. Between 2015-2030 is expected to be a peak season for Hunan Province in nuclear power construction.


Tianwan NPP is likely to become the first approval program

China National Nuclear Corp. announced that Liu Tienan, the deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission and Director General of Nat ional Energy Administration indicated when he made an inspection visit to Tianwan NPP that nuclear power development played a significant role in promoting the energy conservation and emission reduction and guaranteeing the sustainable development of energy. Tianwan NPP Units 3 and 4 are very

49 News

Delivery of Steam Generator at Hainan Unit 1 Provided by CNEA

likely to be the first new programs launched after ratifying the “Plan for Nuclear Power Safety (2011-2020)” and “Plan for the Nuclear Power Development in the Mid-long Term (2011-2020)”.

It is acknowledged that Tianwan NPP is a strategic cooperation project by China and Russia and due to its location in Lianyungang Tianwan in Jiangsu province it also satisfies the conditions of site selection suggested by the State Council. “With high security, reliability and full preparation, Tianwan NPP in all likelihood will be the initial program” said Lin Boqiang, the director of China’s Energy & Economic Research Center in Xiamen University. He said that Tianwan NPP Units 3 and 4 might start construction by the end of this year. Conversely, the original design of Tianwan NPP belongs to Generation II Technology which is not consistent with “New Units must meet the Generation III safety standards”, so before the restart for Units 3 and 4, they will have to transform into Generation III technology, that is to say, the finance put into the technical design and equipment installation will greatly increase.

Statistics show that currently the installed capacity of those in operation reaches 12.56 million KW and that of those under construction 29.44 million KW. The objective of 40 million KW installed capacity by the end of “12th Five-Year Plan” can be realized, while the total installed capacity by 2020 cannot exceed 80 million KW concerning the cautious attitude of the state council for the approval of the new nuclear programs, predicated Mr. Lin.


EPR Voltage Stabilizer for Taishan NPP Lifted to its Place with Air Turning Technology

Another heavy-equipment for Taishan NPP EPR reactor type, the voltage stabilizer, was put into place on October 29.

This lifted voltage stabilizer weighs about 170 metric tons with a length of 15.47 meters. Besides, it is a heavy piece of equipment which takes advantage of air turning technology following the pressure vessel and the steam generator. However, the only difference is that the stabilizer went on air turning by means of selecting two suspension centers at the front and rear. This installation once again tests the air turning technology.


Leave-factory Check and Acceptance for the First Steam Generator for Hainan NPP Unit 1

The Check and Acceptance Team constituted by the relevant technicians from China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd, Hainan Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd and Shanghai Electric Nuclear Power Equipment Co., Ltd has carried on the leave-factory check and acceptance on the first steam generator for Hainan Changjiang NPP Unit 1. This generator is the first major primary piece of equipment of the check and acceptance work for Changjiang nuclear project.

It is reported that this steam generator has been delivered to Changjiang NPP, marking CNNC’s assessment to Hainan Nuclear Power Co. was finished 10 days ahead of time.


Head Cover of PV for Taishan NPP Unit 1 Lifted to its Place

The head cover of the pressure vessel for Unit 1 in Taishan nuclear island installation project has been successfully lifted into the building and set to the rack, thus the lifting work has been fully completed. The head cover weighs about 130 tons with the package, it’s 5.785 meters in diameter with a height of 3 meters. The completion of lifting paves a smooth road for the subsequent work.


Westinghouse Providing Simulator Training for Sanmen NPP

The simulator training for the operators in the second team of Sanmen NPP has started with the support of the provider American Westinghouse in October and is set to end on February 8, 2013. The simulator training aims to help the plant operators master the normal operation of the plant and system, the running and shut-down of the power plant, system alarm, emergency operation, and severe accident condition management. Meanwhile, it will also prepare for the preliminary operators’ qualification test in May, 2013.

The simulator training provided by Westinghouse will eventually cultivate a high-level operational team to manage, operate and maintain the AP1000 nuclear power plants in a secure and reliable way.


Complete Delivery of Steam Generator for Hainan Unit 1

The second steam generator for Hainan NPP Unit 1 has been shipped from Shanghai wharf.

50News

Courtoy™

Global market leader incompression technology

for nuclear fuel pellets

engineering for a better world gea-ps.com/Courtoy

GEA Process Engineering nv . Bergensesteenweg 186, 1500 Halle, Belgium . Tel. +32 2 363 83 00 . Fax +32 2 356 05 16 . [email protected]

GEA Process Engineering China Ltd . Hexian Road 99, 201109 Shanghai, PR China . Tel. +86 21 2408 2288 . Fax +86 21 2408 2222 . [email protected]

• Purpose-designed compression machines for uranium oxide and MOX•Machine design adapted for integration into glove box• Unique air compensator technology for high-precision pellet density control• New “constant density” control algorithm for fast machine set-upand highly accurate process control

• Automated in-line pellet density measuring with feedback to the press

• New high-performance powder feeding system• Hold-up / hold-down system for smooth ejection andavoiding cracks in pellets

• Proven reliability, with presses in operation in a nuclearenvironment for over 40 years

• Service teams based in Europe, USA and China

The two sets 60F-typed steam generators are respectively manufactured by Shanghai Electric Nuclear Power Equipment Co., Ltd and ENSA (a Spanish nuclear power equipment company), while the major forgings are made by Shanghai Zhongxing JiQi Chang Co., Ltd. From the bidding of these generators to shipment to the plant took about 42 months.

This on-time delivery guarantees the progress of the Hainan nuclear project.


Transferring from Construction Installation to Commissioning for Haiyang Nuclear Island System

“The Signing Ceremony for nuclear island PLS-01 system transferring from installation to commissioning” was held at Shandong Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. The relevant leaders of various enterprises that were involved in the construction of Shandong Haiyang nuclear island attended this ceremony. The PLS-01 system totally covers 10 cabinets sets and is set in the electric chamber of 40 building in the nuclear island. This is the first system package delivered from installation to commissioning for Haiyang Phase I nuclear island, marking the beginning of the system delivering this nuclear island.

Alex Lim, the construction manager of Haiyang SPMO and Xia Yafeng from Shandong Nuclear Power Co., Ltd signed the document on behalf of their respective organizations.

Source: http://www.cnec5.com/

The Initial Electric Transmission Line Laid for Sanmen NPP Stirred much Interest

At the construction site of Sanmen NPP, workers are in the process of laying the 500KV double transmission lines between Sanmen NPP and Huipu Power Substation in Linhai City. The lines will have a total length of 47.4km and investment of nearly RMB 450 million. 101 towers will be erected during this program and now the foundation construction for No.38 tower has been finished. Because of the difficulty in construction, it is expected to finish by June next year.


The Shipment of the first Primary Pump for AP1000 Shield Electric Machine in the World

The first AP1000 shield dynamo main-pump in the world began shipping from Philadelphia destined for the project site at Sanmen nuclear power plant. It is expected to arrive at Sanmen by the end of this year.

SNPTC, Westinghouse and Curtiss Wright EMD, ensured the first AP1000 nuclear primary pump passed all the standard tests in April and finished the leave-factory check and acceptance in September. The shipment of the first primary pump for the AP1000 shield electric machine will guarantee the smooth construction of the AP1000 support projects.

The main pump for the Generation III nuclear power AP1000 shield electric machine supersedes the conventional shaft sealing system and has simplified the instrument & control system for the primary pump. It has also has eliminated the risk of coolant leakage and improved the safety and reliability of operation.


51 目录

© Dynatom is a trademark of Dynabond Powertech Service Co., Ltd.

Courtoy™

Global market leader incompression technology

for nuclear fuel pellets

engineering for a better world gea-ps.com/Courtoy

GEA Process Engineering nv . Bergensesteenweg 186, 1500 Halle, Belgium . Tel. +32 2 363 83 00 . Fax +32 2 356 05 16 . [email protected]

GEA Process Engineering China Ltd . Hexian Road 99, 201109 Shanghai, PR China . Tel. +86 21 2408 2288 . Fax +86 21 2408 2222 . [email protected]

• Purpose-designed compression machines for uranium oxide and MOX•Machine design adapted for integration into glove box• Unique air compensator technology for high-precision pellet density control• New “constant density” control algorithm for fast machine set-upand highly accurate process control

• Automated in-line pellet density measuring with feedback to the press

• New high-performance powder feeding system• Hold-up / hold-down system for smooth ejection andavoiding cracks in pellets

• Proven reliability, with presses in operation in a nuclearenvironment for over 40 years

• Service teams based in Europe, USA and China

EDITORS / 编辑Arnaud Lefevre-Baril / 百力 Bessie Wang / 王文贝 Evelyn Qiao / 乔兵双 Augusto Trevisani / 奥古斯托

NEWS / 新闻Capry Liu / 刘丹丹

TECHNICAL ARTICAL / 科技文章Elaine Li / 李益楠

EVENTS / 展会会议Anna Liu / 刘晓燕

DESIGNER / 设计师Cui Design / 鹏恒钰锦公司

DYNABOND POWERTECH SERVICE / 代邦核讯联系方式北京市朝阳区，工体北路甲 6 号，中宇大厦 1509PHONE / 电话+86-10-64681222

FAX / 传真+86-10-64654957

EMAIL / 邮箱[email protected]

WEBSITE / 网站www.dynabondpowertech.com

声明

版权所有。未经本刊物编辑和 / 或刊物内各部分来源允许，不得以任何形式、任何方法对本刊物内容进行复制。

EDITORIAL STAFF / 编辑团队

CONTENTS

重点新闻

企业新闻

国际合作

核电站新闻

目录专访

68

72

67

73

77798183

54

56

61

65

87

中电控股有限公司主席米高 · 嘉道理爵士先生浅谈大亚湾核电站

法中电力协会主席 Jean-Claude Prenez 先生专访

法国驻华大使馆核工业参赞，科尔迪耶先生专访

阿海珐在中国的成长之路

核安全与放射性污染防治“十二五”规划及 2020 年远景目标

L-3 MAPPS: 紧凑型输入 / 输出（I/O）系统解决方案

HAF 601 更新证书

会议展会

新闻

新政策

科技文章

核电专业词汇

52专访

大亚湾核电项目：中法工业互利共赢的举措

EDF 为大亚湾核电项目培训工程师并向中广核转让技术，增强了法国核电标准和规范的影响力，并推广了法国核电安全和运营参考指标。

法国核工业产品进入中国必须要首先经过中国核安全机构授权的HAF604 认证（法国获得 HAF604 认证的企业约占本国核工业的 33%，美国 20%，德国 17%）。中国建造的大部分核电站（包括 AP1000 和VVER 反应堆）都进口法国设备和部件。

从这点看来，法中电力协会非常积极地推广法国的核电标准规则和认证。例如，今年 3 月中国核能行业协会和 EDF 在北京举办了中法核设备生产质量监管研讨会，阿海珐和法中电力协会的相关领导出席了此次会议。(1)

法中电力协会成员单位生产本土化的设备以支持中国核电项目。2009年，法中电力协会和法国核工业协会代表团参观浙江海盐核电项目基地，当时中国正在那里建造中国最大的核工业园。代表团与当地政府签署了促进核相关工业合作的意向书。2011 年法中电力协会与台山市政府和中广核签署了一份三方协议。

要素 2：各种行业协会并存，包括美国的核供应国集团，英国的核工业协会，加拿大的核工业组织，西班牙的核集团和芬兰的Finnuclear。由于他们没有和工业园签署战略合作协议或建立合作伙伴关系，因此不能准确了解当地的需求。他们的成员单位不得不依赖销售力量或者国际竞标。

建立针对中国市场的专业协会将会在成员单位和本国工业间产生协同效应。上游部门，对核工业标准规范和认证的指导对于促进工业的发展是必要的。

EDF 在中国的发展策略：致力于发展合作伙伴关系

法中电力协会主席普罗内先生将在本刊中介绍 PFCE 和 EDF 参与中国大亚湾项目和台山项目的情况。

除了投资台山核电项目，EDF 还对当地供应商的资格认证工作进行审查，而且还支持法中电力协会的工作。另外，为了加强国际合作和有效地提高机组运营的管理能力，EDF 与中国伙伴共同参与了两个核电站项目，如中广核红沿河项目和 CIVAUX 核电项目。

阿海珐在中国的角色：技术提供者和主要的燃料供应商

阿海珐和中国的合作关系见证了两国核工业的成功。阿海珐在中国的业务主要集中在燃料循环，反应堆设计，关键部件的生产以及供应链评估体系。

阿海珐与中国的这种特殊关系在其与中核和中广核的高级管理层的多次会晤中得以展现：

2013 年中法将迎来双方核电合作的第一个 30 年。为迎接中法核电合作 30 周年，10 月 19 日，阿海珐集团 (AREVA)，法国电力公司（EDF）和中国广东核电集团 (CGNPC) 签署了一份建造中型三代技术反应堆机组的三方合作协议。

30 年的合作离不开法国政府，法国电力公司 EDF 和生产运营商（阿海珐和阿尔斯通）以及法中电力协会引领下的法国工业的强有力支持。

从第一次合作到现在，中法核电事业已经携手走过 30 年，法国核工业已经深深根植于中国合作伙伴心中，两国组织了多次技术研讨会，共建实验室，并且不久就会推进共性技术和海外投资。2009 年 12 月，中国副总理李克强会见法国总理弗朗索瓦 . 菲永，探讨了两国在核燃料再加工，人员培训和第四代核电技术的研究等领域的合作。几周前，中国国家总理温家宝向法国总统弗朗索瓦 . 奥朗德重申了两国战略合作的重要性。

我们将重点讲述成功合作的七项要素：

1982 年 11 月 22 日，第一次里程碑式合作

1982 年，法国原子能机构与中国核工业部签署了一份合作框架协议。一年后，EDF，CLP 和广东核电合营公司启动了大亚湾核电项目，1994 年中国总理李鹏出席了大亚湾核电站的成立仪式。

当时中国的市场不同于现在，法国是唯一一个冒险与中国共享敏感的核电技术的国家。长远来看，进口法国技术的策略是必然的，现在各种核电市场领域都可以切实体会到这项明智之举，我们仅列举几项：

大亚湾核电站：合作建设中国第一座 900MW 核电站。

东方阿海珐核泵有限责任公司：与东方电气合资建立，主要研发生产核电厂主泵。

法国核岛设备设计，建造及在役检查规则协会：定期举行核安全标准规则和认证研讨会。

EDF：首次以运营商身份参与中国核电站项目的外国投资商。

中法核工程与技术学院：在珠海设立的第一个中外核工程学院。

法国 ACPP 公司：第一家设立在台山市清洁能源产业园的核电公司。

中法国际核能工程有限公司：阿海珐和中广核共同参与的第一个工程公司。

堪培拉公司：第一个与中国原子能科学研究院合作提供设备和核检测，以及辐射测量和核安全服务的公司。

Onet Technologies 公司：第一个与中广核工程有限公司签署了覆盖中国和欧洲核设备停运，排污净化和核废料处理协议。

要素 1：由于发展核电的敏感性，政府鼓励本国核工业在不同领域的合作中处于主导地位。

十一月发生的事件 :

走向成功的七大要素百力

53 专访

1. 90 年代，法玛通（后来成为阿海珐）前主席 Jean-Claude Leny 与中国国家主席江泽民和副总理吴怡保持着密切关系。

2. 2011 年，中广核董事长贺禹和阿海珐总裁乌赛尔先生在香港的会晤表明了双方的合作领域，如铀资源开采，台山二期核电项目的推进和新建核反应堆的研究等。

3. 今年 2 月，中国核工业集团副总经理吕华详先生会见阿海珐高级执行副总裁 Philippe Samama 先生，探讨其他领域的合作，如 DCS 系统的合作，并和中核的副总经理杨长利和阿海珐副总裁 RémyAutebert 先生在6 月份进行了会谈。

野心勃勃的技术转移：南沙重型部件厂的建设

南沙工厂的成立目标就是要制造核蒸汽供应系统主回路系统的重型部件。这个工厂建立在法国 Chalon/Saint-Marcel 重型部件制造厂的标准基础上，计划在它刚开始运行的几年里每年生产两套完整的核蒸汽供应系统。

南沙是一个理想的建厂基地，因为自从 1978 年起，就有很多中国领导人参观了 Chalon/Saint-Marcel 工厂，如总理朱镕基，广东核电合营有限公司董事长王全国等。这个工厂被列为中国市场的关键项目。

关于技术支持，我们可以参考两个事件，一个是关于核安全，一个是燃料技术。

大亚湾核电运营管理有限公司总经理助理戴忠华几个月前受邀到慕尼黑参加 “ 安全联盟 ” 计划，这是阿海珐在福岛核事故后发起的旨在帮助核电企业验证和升级他们的核电机群安全的计划。

今年 7 月，中广核铀资源有限公司和阿海珐签署了一份核燃料技术支持协议，为中广核下属核电站提供核燃料技术支持。

要素 3：强大的工程和技术提供商必须与中核，中广核和国核的领导保持持久的联系，并明确和监督共同的战略。

要素 4：为了维护在中国的业务，技术提供者必须至少转让一项已被验证的技术。

要素 5：工程公司必须拓宽合作领域，和中方合作伙伴共同参与到海外项目中。

阿尔斯通：合作与本土化

阿尔斯通对采购和物流程序以及大型项目和质量管理的要求很严格。

它在中国最有名的是其三套主要设备：1750MW Arabelle 汽轮机，应急柴油发电机（EDG）和液体净化设备。

阿尔斯通中国公司是由中广核旗下的两家子公司中广核工程有限公司和中广核工程设计有限公司组成的，隶属于财团。对于阿尔斯通来说，大部分的业务是由阿尔斯通涡轮机械集团负责的，包括在武汉的一家工程办事处 - 阿尔斯通（武汉）工程技术有限公司（AWEC）。

2009 年 8 月速度转子 1100MW 发电机交付给中国第二重型机械集团，并继续沿用阿尔斯通的技术标准。

2010 年起阿尔斯通旗下的 AWEC，曼恩柴油机公司和陕西柴油机厂就参与设计和研发 6300KW 1E 级应急柴油机。阿尔斯通几乎向中国所有主要的核电站提供过应急柴油机，例如田湾，宁德，防城岗，阳江和福清核电站。

要素 6: 设备生产商应该成立一个联合会共同承担责任，降低被非法仿制的风险。技术转让需要付出努力，但它可以保证生产设备的安全。

要素 7：要求大型的本土工程公司，如阿尔斯通（武汉）工程技术有限公司要保持自身优势，持续升级自己的技术。

中法之间的合作远远不止这些，但限于篇幅，我们的编辑团队只选择刊登了几篇涉及中法合作大事件主要参与者或相关促进者的采访。它包括：首个中法合作的重要核电项目 — 大亚湾核电站。嘉道理勋爵之子米高 • 嘉道理爵士热情接受了我们的采访，他详细的介绍了中电集团（原中华电力有限公司）当时参与这个项目的过程以及他自己对此项目的看法。

我们还采访了法中电力协会主席普罗内先生，他介绍了法中电力协会和法国电力集团参与中国大亚湾和台山核电项目的具体全面的情况。

此外，法国驻华大使馆核工业参赞科尔迪耶也介绍了法国原子能机构和中国核电机构的沟通与合作。

同时，阿海珐也介绍了它在中国的主要活动。

附注：(1) 来自 56 所企业的 140 名代表参加了会议，包括中国国家核安全局，中广核工程有限公司，中国核电工程有限公司，东方电气，法国电力集团，阿海珐，威兰阀门，瑞士通用公证行，法国国际检验局在内的九家公司在会议上做了报告，报告涉及中法在核设备制造方面的监测要求和公司的主要活动等内容。

免费订阅《代邦核讯》和电子月刊，请填写以下表格并发送邮件至

[email protected]

或者传真至 010-64654957

姓名 : 邮件 : 职位 : 公司 : 感兴趣的领域 :

54专访

嘉道理勋爵的高瞻远瞩

中电在中国的业务发展离不开二十世纪三十年代时任中电主席的嘉道理勋爵的一个梦想—中电的电力系统与国内联网，向广东供应电力。除了商业考虑，嘉道理勋爵与中国内地合作这一举措的动机还在于他要尽一切可能保持香港和中国的特殊关系。在他看来，香港当时实际上已经成为英政府管理下的一片自由区，香港的生存取决于它融合中国和香港不同的思想，利益和观念的能力。香港之所以存在，是因为它对于中国和西方国家都是不可或缺的。当务之急就是怎样保持并增强它的作用，以便在时代变迁中稳固其地位，顺利承担起它在下个新纪元中的使命。嘉道理勋爵多次作出这样的比喻：他说香港屹立在三条腿上，一条好比是它和中国的关系，一条是与英国的关系，第三条是对于更为复杂的下一代年轻人来说，香港政府能够满足他们接受良好教育、提高生活质量和改善未来前景的能力。

向广东省供电

嘉道理勋爵的梦想直到 1979 年 3 月才得以实现，那时中电电力系统最终和广东省的系统联网并开始向广东省输送电力。“ 现在我们已经与广东省建立了远远超出供电这一层面的联系，那是友谊和相互理解的关系，它表现了我们在中国四个现代化指导下谋求共同利益的合作的愿望。” 这是 1979 年 3 月 31 日嘉道理勋爵在中电葵涌系统控制中心举行的中电 - 广东联网启动仪式上说的。他还补充说，“ 我们达成的这个协议不仅提供被工业发展视为生命线的充足电力，而且中电将来可以凭借此联系输入你们的电力。”

这一 “ 破冰 ” 工程标志着中电和中国内陆的一系列合作正式开始，中电成为中国电力板块最大的外国投资商。

大亚湾核电站的发展历程

1979 年 6 月，中电和中国水利电力部以及广东电业局讨论在广东合作建造核电站，向香港和广东省输送电力，并开展了可行性方案研究。1980 年 12 月，可行性研究报告完成，经中国当局的详细审查，1982 年12 月国务院批准了此研究方案。1985 年 1 月，中港双方在北京签署了合资合同和电力承购协议。1994 年 2 月，合资公司（被命名为广东核电合营有限公司），完成核电站的建设和投产。成立合资企业是中电的果敢之举，因为这个项目的特殊性可以使其完全超出中电的业务范围而应由政府投资经营：a）预计成本高达 40 亿美元；b）核电站发送的电力要跨界送至香港，中国和香港政府都会参与其中；c) 核事故承担的后果责任非常大，可能耗去中电的全部资本。如果没有嘉道理勋爵的远见和中电对内地事业的热忱，中电不可能承担起这个项目。中电的项目工作组由嘉道理勋爵和石威廉爵士（时任副总经理）牵头负责并与潘国濂先生（时任部门经理 - 规划与系统部）和李锐波博士（时任总规划工程师）以及其他相关人员密切合作。

融资

这个工程的资金来源于股东的投资和贷款。负债和资本金比率是 9:1. 中国水利电力部和广东电业局用人民币出资，中电则使用美元。中国的银行提供长期的人民币贷款，而外国货币贷款则是在中国银行和出口国家的出口信贷机构担保下的国际和香港银行提供。外国货币贷款的还款是按照中电和合营公司承购协议的收益来偿付的，根据协议中电将购买 70% 的输出电量。

前言

1971 年我国第一艘核动力潜艇开始系泊试验后，中国决定发展核能并利用核能发电并采用 “ 两条腿走路 ” 政策，也就是既引进国外技术，又重视发展国内技术。中国水利电力部被授权引进先进技术，发展核电。另一方面，中国核工业部负责牵头研制秦山核电站 300MW 压水反应堆。

1978 年中国实行改革开放政策后，中电控股有限公司（简称中电，原名中华电力有限公司）和中国大陆的合作正式开始。中电开始向供电紧张的广东省供应电力。紧接着这一 “ 破冰 ” 项目后，中电随即又与广东省探讨进一步的合作，最终在二十世纪八十年代促成了 2×980MW 大亚湾核电站项目的开发。

自从 1994 年大亚湾核电站运行以来，它已经成为中国最成功的中外合资企业之一。这篇文章简要描述了大亚湾核电站的发展历程，此核电项目给香港和内陆带来的利益以及它成功的关键。

中电控股有限公司主席

米高·嘉道理爵士浅谈大亚湾核电站

李鹏总理在深圳会见 CLP 代表团。前排自右向左依次是嘉道理勋爵、李鹏总理、米高·嘉道理爵士、彭士禄部长

55 专访

设备

大亚湾核电站设备的选择受政治，经济，财政和技术的影响。开展可行性研究时，美国的供应商是不允许出口核技术和设备到中国的。美国政府要求美国和购买国必须签署核技术交流的正式合同。当时中美之间没有这样的合同，美国政府坚决抵制核扩散，并坚持进行核检查。在这样的环境下，中电和中国水利电力部以及广东电业局决定使用法国核反应堆理由如下：a）美国、英国和苏联等潜在供应商受 “ 核不扩散条约 ” 制约，但法国不受其约束。b）法国不要求核检查，而且提供贷款购买设备。c）法国980MW 压水堆已得到验证，且适合中电和广东电力系统。当时香港是英政府殖民地，处于政治需求，英政府希望参与此核电项目中。如果英国的汽轮发电机在质量和价格方面有竞争力，中电、中国水利电力部和广东电业局同意将其应用到大亚湾核电项目中。

核安全

大亚湾核电站采用正确的安全标准非常重要。它不仅影响电站的成本和可行性，也影响香港市民对这个项目的接受程度。经过详细参考美国、德国、英国、日本和法国多国核安全标准后，中电和中国水利电力部及广东电业局决定核电站的设计、建造、管理和运营要符合国际原子能机构和中法两国相关的核安全规程、方针和标准。

会见邓小平主席

签署合营合同之后，中电代表团于 1985 年 1 月 19 日在中国人民大会堂会见了邓小平主席。会议期间，邓小平对于嘉道理勋爵和中电表示了感谢，并高度赞扬了他们对中国的积极友好态度以及他们在其他投资商畏缩踌躇的时候毅然投资大亚湾核电站的大胆精神。邓小平说大亚湾核电项目意义非凡，它是当时中国最大的中外合资企业。它不仅有利于鼓舞了香港人民的信心，为香港的繁荣稳定作出贡献，而且还有助于加强香港和内地的持久的经济联系。邓小平主席进一步阐述了中国的对外开放政策，他强调吸引外国投资是一项长期战略，1997 年香港回归中国后这些政策也不

1985 年 1 月，邓小平主席会见嘉道理勋爵

会改变。嘉道理勋爵回应说，他很高兴参与这个项目，这个项目综合应用了社会主义和资本主义因素来造福中国，香港乃至全世界。他希望双方坚守合作，共同展望这个项目的成功。邓小平主席和嘉道理勋爵表示在大亚湾运营之际，他们将把这个项目看作中国对外开放的典范并举办一场庆功宴。遗憾的是，尽管邓小平主席在 1994年 2月见证了大亚湾核电站的投产，嘉道理勋爵却在 6 个月前悄然离世，最终未能兑现这个约定。但是，没有他高瞻远瞩的谋略和在大亚湾核电项目中的中坚作用，中外合营就不会轻易实现，他的丰功伟绩将被人永远铭记于心。

辉煌成就和成功因素

自从 1994 年大亚湾核电站投产以来，它运行稳定，安全性达到世界电厂安全标准。核电站平均每年年发电量达 150 亿千瓦时，其中 70% 的发电量输送到香港，30% 输送到广东省。生产同样的电量要消耗 500 万吨煤炭，排放 1500 万吨二氧化碳，7.7 万吨二氧化硫和 6 万吨氧化氮。中电不断为合营公司贡献自己的力量，积极参与电站管理和运营，包括建立良好的企业管理，金融管理，安全文化和内部控制等。合营公司也培养了一批核电方面的工程师和操作人员，至今他们还坚守在中国其他核电站的不同岗位上。

合营公司的成功离不开以下几点关键的成功因素：a）良好的合作伙伴关系，长远的眼光和对成功的不懈追求； b）成熟的技术；c）注重质量管理，培训和研发；d）强有力的政府支撑。

在 1985 年以来的成就基础上，合营期限又延长 20 年直到 2034 年。

结束语

大亚湾核电项目是中国最大，也是最成功的中外合资企业之一。自从它运营以来，该核电站的安全性能和操作指标就一直达到世界级水平。作为中国第一座大型商业核电站，大亚湾核电站为广东省和中国其他地区核电项目的蓬勃发展奠定了坚实的基础。

56专访

法中电力协会主席

Jean-ClaudePrenez 先生专访

DPS：能否介绍一下您的个人背景？您何时加入EDF( 法国电力集团 ) ？能否谈一下您最初接手的几个项目？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：我 1975 年加入 EDF设备科，该部门位于巴黎克拉马尔市的工程中心，主营初始系列机组。能

在费桑海姆核电站建设后期参与该 900 兆瓦核电项目我感到万分荣幸。此

外，我还全程参与了 1300 兆瓦发电机组项目，它对于法国压水反应堆的

选址起到至关重要的作用。当时，我负责核电辅助设备安全系统。在巴吕

埃尔核电厂完成从采购到制造控制的全面评估后，我去了核电站现场。

法国巴吕埃尔核电站第一个 1300 兆瓦机组的启动时间要早于美国的南德

克萨斯核电站。我主要负责核岛建设，同时也负责测试以及人员任命，在

此工作期间我积累了丰富的核电经验。在反应堆穹顶安装前，我在大亚湾

工作了 3 年时间，之后调回法国卡特农核电站担任核电站项目的工程副总

经理。1991 年，我晋升为克吕阿核电站 3 期 4 期发电机组负责人。第二年，

我被调回中国公司的运营部。我在中国公司运营部任职时间长达三年之久，

主要负责项目电站运营筹备方向的技术把控。我们与中国广东核电集团（以

下简称中广核）的领导人建立了深厚的友谊。

DPS：2013 年 1 月，中法两国将庆祝中法核电合作 30 周年。1986 启动的大亚湾核电站项目是中法合作的第一个项目，法国电力集团参与了该项目的设计和运营。能否谈一下大亚湾核电站运行后您的一些感受呢？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：1986 年大亚湾核电站

项目初期，我在第一小组担任工程经理， Herve Machenaud 先生负责技

术部门。我们在广东核电合营公司（GNPJVC）建立了一个中法合作小组，

该组人员有的来自大陆，有的来自香港中电控股有限公司（简称 CLP）。

当时该合资公司成立了项目部、运营部、质量监管部等。

法国电力集团业务涵盖广泛，主要方向是技术管理，包括传统核电业务，

如核电建设。我当时的职责是负责项目启动的二次开发工作。电站建立启

动仪式的具体时间是 1987 年 8 月 7 日，由中国国家副总理李鹏和 CLP 总

裁嘉道理勋爵共同揭牌。

法国电力集团同时还负责土木工程和 BOP。法国法玛通公司负责核岛，美

国通用电气公司负责常规岛，同时还有其他公司负责土木建设工作。法国

万喜集团前身 Campenon Bernard 公司、华兴、日本 Maida 建设公司及中

国建筑工程总公司负责土木工程的执行工作。Spie-Framatome 与中国核

工业二三建设有限公司负责电站建设工作。

山东电力建设公司与美国通用公司负责常规部分。一家北京公司在贝克特

尔公司辅助下负责 BOP。

合营公司的中国负责人中，有的是核电能源的代表，有的是电力部的代表，

有的是 CLP 的代表。其中，CLP 在该合资公司的组织结构图中占有一席

之地。由于中央电力局的大力支持，该公司在合同部门有比重不小的话语

权。贝特法尔公司负责品质保证。一些来自贝克特尔公司的代表则肩负起

单项工程管理和 BOP 的建造工作。我们必须与各个单位协同合作以保证

技术管理工作的有序进行。

1986 年大亚湾核电站作为一个整体的承包项目在中国展开，并吸纳了一批

综合素质较高的团队，我认为这种建设方式非常新颖独到。而正是法国电

力集团的培训支持造就了今天这个团队的卓越表现。项目建设的良好开端

预示了接下来 30 年的风调雨顺。大家互帮互助，团结一心，为的就是将

这个项目做好，而接下来的 40 年将由中方操作该核电站，所以积极地合

作就显得尤为重要。我加入该项目时，年仅 35 岁，整个团队成员的年龄

虽然都不大，但却也是身经百战。负责电站运营的中国团队中有的来自工

程学院，项目经验丰富。25 年后，当年朝气蓬勃的第一小组成员都晋升为

了项目负责人。

我在项目建设初期加入进来，所有工作都紧密相连，错综复杂，犹如一张

编织的巨网。这是因为项目的建设离不开团队合作。

对于大亚湾项目的成功我并不感到意外，Gravelines 核电站就是一个很好

的证明。并且参与这个项目的公司是来自法国的精英公司，而后期法国阿

尔斯通公司的加入使得该项目如虎添翼。阿尔斯通在法国机组管理方面经

验丰富，因此该项目形成了一个完善的管理模式。当然在第一机组建设期

间，我们确实遇到过一些阻碍，而项目的启动帮助我们重拾信心。项目建

设需要一个外国团队，但是到了项目后期核电站的操作者却仅仅限于中国

人。因此法国电力集团有责任为运营团队和电站总监提供培训。法国电力

集团派遣了最优秀的专家进行技术培训，1997 年一位中国人担任了该核电

站的主管。1992 年 —1995 年期间，我们肩负重任，而项目的启动也为两

家企业的深厚友谊奠定了基础，特别是法国核电行业与广东核电集团的友

谊之路铺下基石。

当年的运营团队已经成为现在的管理者，其中贺禹先生是核电站总监，

张善明先生和郑东山先生担任安全技术顾问，高立刚先生是自动化工程

师。一大批中国工程师曾在法国电力集团接受培训，大部分是运营工程

师。

DPS：您在《Le Chemin Partagé》中提到在大亚湾核电站建设期间，来自中国大陆、香港以及美国的同事对于法国电力集团的质量控制流程提出了更为严苛的标准。项目各个环节的严格要求深深的影响了法国电力集团的质量控制体系。

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：法国电力集团和法玛

通公司提供了先进的技术和专业知识。CLP 的同仁对于合同执行方面尤为

严苛，由于这是一个国际项目，因此它对项目质量要求非常高。虽然在法

国我们已建立了 900 兆瓦机组，但是我们的操作经验却还是偏向于 1300

57 专访

兆瓦机组。在核电行业尤其是项目施工阶段，人为因素是一个关键因素。

这些项目较为复杂，因此需要经验丰富的专家，项目中许多环节的管理需

要人为把控。注水泥、锻造容器等都离不开人力。整个核电运行过程涵盖

设备、股东等诸多环节，而人则是决策的扮演者，一个人的经验对整个项

目有着深远影响。

客户对项目的高要求和各部门的努力，使得精益求精成为该项目的一个总

体原则。团队间不同的文化背景促使我们形成了一个全新的工作模式，每

个人都学到了除了本职工作以外的专业知识，如质量把控、监管、建设、

土木工程等。

在语言沟通存在障碍的前提下，任何环节都需严格遵守流程规定。例如，

很多参与项目建设的人都不会说英语，因此所有操作环节都应保证质

量把控的可追踪性。除此之外，我们还负责同事的教学，将各个环节

体制化，以保证项目的正常启动。尽管我们的中方同事自学了法语，

但是我们还是要额外抽时间审阅这些文件，因为这是他们第一次参与

核电项目。我们签署的国际合同对于物流配送系统要求严格，以确保

我们能够按时交工。而当时根本不存在因特网，电话应用也不像现在

这样广泛。

DPS：大亚湾核电站并网运行后一年，岭澳核电站于 1995 年开始运行。您认为岭澳核电项目与大亚湾有何不同，应该做出哪些调整？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：后来我到了

Gravelines 核电站 , 职位是副主任，再后来又回到了 Chooz 核电站做主任。

Chooz 是第一个拥有 N4 机组的核电站。当时岭澳一期工程正在建设中，

EDF 要求我返回中国，于是我又回到了高级管理层。在中国，核电站的所

有者是依据各个项目而定的。岭澳核电一期项目属于岭澳核电有限公司所

有，中电控股并没有参与。

阿尔斯通给岭澳二期项目安装了汽轮机 Arabelle，相对于岭澳一期来说，

它使发电量增加了 100 兆瓦（约发电总量的 10%）。Arabelle 是目前在世

界排名中较为靠前的汽轮机。基于 Chooz 核电站的反馈信息，汽轮机的设

计得到了改善和验证，其他同类产品无法比拟。

EDF 在 Chooz 和 Civaux N4 机组安装了数字化仪控系统。这种经验和技

术对岭澳核电二期项目来说非常重要。岭澳核电有限公司也决定安装一台

数字化仪控系统。

核电和 F1 赛车

核电好比是F1赛车：高要求的清洁和质量。保养良好的设备才能有高产量。

电站大修期好比是 F1 赛车维修站。他们的主要不同在于我们必须要遵守

审查条例。专业的维修队和大修是很重要的里程碑。

DPS：您是否意识到了大亚湾核电站和岭澳核电站管理上的变化？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：借鉴 Gravelines 核电

项目的经验 , 我们建议中广核为大亚湾和岭澳这两个核电项目只建设一个

专门的操作团队。举个例子来说，在 Gravelines 核电站，我们同时开始建

设 1-4 号核电机组，然后才建造 5-6 号机组。我们清楚地看到核电项目上

所反映的两个不同团队的文化差异。

大亚湾核电的管理方式以美国和其他国家为基准。它的管理在美国遇到

了维修方面的困难，因为很多机组是分散的。他们也看到了不同的文化

和管理观念。管理的本质都是安全，管理越清晰明确，安全文化就越高。

除了弥补差异，这也是创立美国核电运行研究所的原因。大亚湾核电意

识到了这个问题，所以根据以往电站建设的经验总结我们参与建立了大

亚湾核电运营管理有限责任公司，主要负责大亚湾和岭澳核电项目工程，

当时岭澳核电项目也处于启动初期。大亚湾核电运行和管理有限公司是

一家高度专业化的公司，如今它的管理模式已经消化吸收了法国那样的

管理方式。

DPS：岭澳核电项目后你们有一段时间没有在中国建设其他的项目，你们开拓中国市场的策略是什么？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：后来我回到法国，在

生产部任职，也参与国际市场的事务。当时 EDF 管理层正考虑在中国市

场的新定位。2000 年我们签署了一份长期的经营合作协议。截至目前，

我们的合作关系已有 15 年之久，我们想要建立一种不是建立在合同的基

础上的新型的伙伴关系并赋予我们的长期合作一种全新的思想。

2003 年到 2004 年间，中法一直在考虑岭澳核电项目之后的再次合作，

EDF 也想要走向世界。

2003 年伊始，还是没有多少项目。由于合作伙伴的关系，我们和阿海珐

向中国国家核电技术公司和中国核工业集团提议 EPR 核电技术。但是中

国认为使用 EPR 技术为时尚早，相反，他们对已经被验证的 N4 更感兴趣。

虽然我们提供了 N4 技术，但后来中国政府又决定公开招标第三代核电技

术。所有 N4 项目被搁浅。当时，岭澳二期和秦山二期已经动工。

中国正在进行岭澳电站的扩建工程。他们改进了我们的技术，CPR1000以及后来的 M310，并称他们为二代加技术。

中国选择 EPR 技术、仪控系统。人机界面是安全操作的基本，所以岭澳

二期项目的设计和仪控系统得到了法国的有力支持。

中国核电公司做出了很多改进，作为技术顾问，我感到了与中国合作的限

制。阿海珐也遇到了这样的状况，岭澳二期工程的初级电路基本上本土化。

对我们来说，我们的下一步就是以运营商的角色投资中国 EPR 核电技术。

DPS：中国大部分的运行和在建核电项目都是建立在你们的标准和规范基础上（除了田湾核电1-4号机组，秦山核电1-3号机组，三门和海阳核电）。依据法国核电项目中遇到的问题，您认为将来中国核电机组可能遇到什么样的问题呢？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：法国核安全局很担心

核电机组出现一般性的缺陷。当我们发现问题时，我们就必须检查每一台

机组，这样操作很困难，不仅费用昂贵，在可操作性方面也存在种种困难，

如需要一套高效的反馈信息收集系统，强大的技术管理模式以及完整的土

木建设方案。

EDF 有 58 座反应堆，所以我们也有自己的一套体系。ASME 标准在中国

广为人知，但是其实法国核电标准应用比较广泛。

负责岭澳核电二期项目的岭东核电有限公司没有自己的规范标准，它决定

使用法国核电标准。

为了防范事故，法国核电标准非常严格。冶金工业深谙此理：生产失误早

晚会被发现，等到发现问题时，这个问题可能就更加严重甚至造成危险。

主要的危害不是在运行中，因为我们可以通过自动系统或其他方式解决问

题，但是生产过程中的过失造成的影响往往更为严峻，有时甚至会损害电

站运行。

DPS：EDF 最近一次参与中广核的核电项目是什么？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：EDF 制定了投资中国

核电项目的策略并不断扩张我们的市场。第三代核电技术招标使我们的策

略停滞不前。

当中国宣告选择 AP1000 核电技术后，我们又重新开始与中国讨论 EPR技术。中国要建造两台机组，所以这次很快寻求阿海珐和法国政府的帮助。

2007 年 1 月起，有了中法合作的项目，EDF 是投资商之一；2007 年 11 月，

58专访

我们在台山创立了合资企业；阿海珐供应反应堆机组和燃料。法国总统萨

科奇和中国国家主席胡锦涛签署反应堆销售协议，随后，合资企业和支持

协议也得以签署，当时正值北京 2008 年奥运会。2009 年 12 月，合资公

司开始运营，但是 2007 年底之前 EDF 已经建立了自己的团队，2008 年

初许多操作人员被分派到台山核电基地。

2007 年 11 月我们签署了全球合伙协议，EDF 和 CGNPC 的运营合作极似

拥有较高素质的建筑工程师。

2012 年 10 月 19 日，阿海珐，法国电力公司和中广核在法国阿维尼翁市

签署了一份关于设计一座新反应堆的合作协议。该协议既保证了 EDF 在

中国的长远发展战略，又能够促进双方在核电领域的交流。

DPS：您可以谈谈 EPR 核电安全标准吗？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：至于 EPR 技术，以中

核代表李晓明在 Flamanville 核电站参观的见闻为例，我们来比较一下电

站厂房。在FLA3（ EPR）所有的泵厂和柴油机泵应急机组厂都是混凝土的，

而 FLA2 的冷却系统是安装在厂房外面的。因此无论发生龙卷风，恐怖袭

击还是战争，EPR 核电站都可以有效的抵御这些外部灾害，这在当时是一

个巨大的进步。

我认为 EPR 核电在中国有很大的发展前景。

DPS：您与法中电力协会（PFCE）第一次结缘是什么时候 ?

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：我直到 2000 年才知道

PFCE 的存在，那时它已经创立好多年了。PFCE 的一次活动邀请到了我，

因为我参与了当时和之后的电站运营。我作了关于设备维护方面的演说。

EDF 控制着它的供应商，这是我们把他们带到中国的主要原因。法国的核

电项目进程减慢，因此发展中国核电项目就成了必然趋势。因为法国核电

机群很大，需要大量的设备形成一个设备维护工业，同时需要大量投资，

所以维护市场吸引了很多公司。在扩张中国市场的基础上，我们想把我们

的供应商也带进来。如果我们的供应商能够进入这个圈子，他们的业务就

可以持续，同时和有信誉的供应商合作能保证EDF的专业技能的有效传授。

我们知道市场在这儿，供应商拿到的是中文版的规范标准。从中国的核电

规划看来，我们想要使我们的供应商还能够为法国电站提供设备。因此，

AFCEN（法国核岛设备设计和建造规划协会）编写规范和标准，我们再推

广自己的规范、准则和标准。

DPS：PFCE 的主要目标是什么？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：PFCE 的终极目标是

加强中法企业的合作，促使法国供货商提供中国核电发展所需的服务和

设备。中国遇到了新的挑战：核电机群的管理。最大的核电机群的拥有

者 --CGNPC 意识到了这个挑战。当务之急就是要建立新的核电项目，他

们启动后，要确保他们安全运行，保持可靠的性能和有力的竞争力。如果

CGNPC 只有大亚湾核电项目，岭澳一期和二期，并且在相同的基地，同

样的机组，那就更简单了。现在他们有红沿河核电项目，宁德核电项目和

其他的核电项目，并且他们有不同的工作文化和建设承包公司。新的挑战

是知道如何管理这个庞大的机群。规则和程序是很重要的，但是人为因素

也很重要。操作之后便是维护服务。设备维护需要丰富的经验。

DPS：在您的参与下，PFCE 作出的主要改变有哪些？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：2004 年我正式接管

PFCE，主要关注两点：尽可能提供大量技术 : 当我们见到 EPC 或者设计

院时，我们要回答很多关于不同设备的问题。我们能回答的问题越多，我

们就能越多的宣传我们的设备。起初我们有很多阀门制造商，后来我们扩

张到了其它技术领域。

把设备维护和服务结合起来，包括与其他公司的土木工程施工，如 EGIS, SITES, APAVE, BV。以上技术均为核电行业所需，而法国工业是这些领域

的先驱。

EDF 知道这些公司，他们依照安全标准和指标要求运营。PFCE 现在有

85 个会员。我们的活动帮助我们推动法国工业的发展，他们甚至都不用广

告宣传推广。我们只需要涉足每个与核电相关的领域，吸纳新的会员可以

帮助我们拓展我们的核电领域。

中国的市场动向不确定。比如，当我们倾向服务方面时，他们却有控制和

监测方面的需求。这时就有其他公司插足进来，因为他们也想要进入中国

市场。直到岭澳一期，他们成为了 EDF, Areva 和 Alstom 的分包商。岭澳

二期时，中国更希望直接与每个供应商取得联系。

这些中小企业必须直接面对很大的买家、新的竞争者或者买家对产品本土

化的要求。

有时我们与中方合作，有时又不能。有时我们宁愿在法国。或许有一天我

们不能制造阀门，或者我们在他们扩张的市场圈之内。最近我看到了一些

机器制造企业崛起，这令我很惊讶，因为它意味着中国的市场需求很广阔。

DPS：您是如何成为 PFCE 的一员的？它的组织结构是什么样的？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：成为 PFCE 的一员很

简单，只需要填张表格就可以了。我见过每个新的申请人。

PFCE 是一个非盈利协会。我们会被审计，而且必须支付增值税，我们

的财政管理是很严格的。我们有内部条例，EDF 提议的主席，来自 EDF的秘书长，还有两个副主席，来自工程公司主管财务的 Jean-François Sageau 和来自 Velan 的 Michel Monier。我们有一个董事会，我们每年举

行四次大会，约 75% 的会员参加，大部分是 CEO。我更加喜欢这样有助

于促进信息交流的大会。

成为 PFCE 的成员有三个要求：必须是 EDF 的资质供应商；必须推销法

国技术；必须保护法国就业。

我们每年有一次特别的智囊团大会，我们参观我们成员的工厂。

我们的董事会每年换届一次，我们对新申请加入者提供意见建议。所有申

请加入者都要介绍自己的公司，公司概况要让所有参与者了解。我们建议

每个新申请者都要接受 PFCE 人员的指导。申请人要回答 PFCE 大会的所

有质询。成员不介意竞争，只看重申请人的理念：你想要在中国做些什么？

PFCE 的成员想要把这种合作伙伴理念作为协会的核心。我们也保持成员

间的友谊。我们协会有 “ 团队猎手 ” 的精神。

我们在会上介绍 PFCE 时会介绍我们的每一个成员，包括缺席的成员。

与中方合作，PFCE 有一套完整的合作理念，并且我们会邀请我们的法国

成员公司参与进来。

我认为，长远看来市场会越来越开放，设备维护和服务市场也是如此，运

营商不会过多要求国产产品。

中国希望我们设立更多的工厂，我们持开放态度。但只有在市场需求信息

明确是，我们的成员才会来中国建厂。认证费用昂贵，投资大，工作一贯

严格，我们经常会接受审查和评估。

DPS：你们是否遇到过其他行业领域的申请人？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：我们遇见过机械部件

的钢铁工业供应商申请加入我们，如 Vallinox, Mersen, CNIM 和 l’Union des Forgerons。中国需要他们的专门技术。

举一个例子：一个集成公司在中国分包了一些金属铸件。由于很难检测它

们的质量和工艺，这个公司不得不在法国订货。如果我们不创新，我们也

会丧失一些市场。所以 Nordlock 一直致力于创新，再创新。

59 专访

DPS：关于企业组成形式，您给您的成员提供了什么建议？他们应该以什么样的心态或持以何种理念在中国开展业务？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：在中国市场上合资企

业是一种解决方案，但绝对不是唯一的方案。Bernard Controls是合资企业，

后来被改为外商独资，仍隶属 Bernard 集团。许多公司是中小型企业，没

有专门的技术他们就会被淘汰。因此他们必须要保护自己的技术。现在无

论是合资，外商独资还是承包形式，中国企业更倾向于本土化生产。除下

一些小众市场，我们 90% 的成员将在中国设立工厂或办事处。这不是转

移工业而是扩张市场。

我们宣传我们的标准，认证和准则。这样推销了法国的产品。中国想要扩

张到海外市场，我们是他们的理想合作伙伴，因为语言沟通存在障碍，认

证方面需要我们的帮助，他们也需要达到国外安全机构规定的标准。就此

看来，我们是理想的伙伴，我们面向全球，我们已经帮助他们建立了自己

的标准和认证体系。我们与中国核能行业协会和中科华核电技术研究院签

署了认证工作合作协议。

中国有自己的认证体系，我们必须要宣传我们的文化，因为如果我们不了

解中国的认证，其他人也会这么做来占领市场的。

最后要以为法国创造更多的就业的心态来经营：说实话，没有这个市场，

我们很多的中小企业将会被市场淘汰。中国市场支撑着法国的电力工业。

DPS：PFCE 的成员公司表示福岛事件对核设备的安全性能和可靠性能产生了极大的影响 , 因此许多购买商都在观望。那么，PFCE 有没有采取方案或行动吸引他们购买法国产品呢？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：事实上对于中国来说，

福岛事件产生了一定的积极影响，如对于设备的设计以及制造要求比以往

更高。同时，它坚定了国家核安全局（NNSA）对于核能产业的领导作用，

局长李干杰在核能领域表现卓越。

2009 年，台山项目接受了评估。台山核电合营有限公司负责项目的把控，

这样 DEF 就可以对设备的质量进行评估。

我们在 PFCE 上对我们的准则、标准和资历做出了阐述。中方需要加强设

备制造的质量把控，而福岛事件恰好给中国核电企业敲响了警钟。福岛事

件对中国的直接影响就是核电站运营者选择质量可靠的核电设备，并对电

站安全负责。

DPS：PFCE 是否计划进军其他的电力市场？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：我们一直在考虑进军

中国的其它电力市场。但是 85% 的成员不想扩张市场。核电市场不是由

一方面决定的，至于其他的市场，也是很开放的，而绝大多数是打价格战。

能源市场有很强的竞争性。

DPS：对于中国内陆拓展核电站项目您将给予何种支持？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：PFCE 对于内陆核电

站有浓厚的兴趣，且我们在各个领域都有信誉度颇高的供应商（如哈蒙公

司）。

我们在法国内陆核电建设方面有丰富的经验。核电项目最重要的环节在于

运营，而我们也非常愿意帮助中国团队。我们在法国不同的河流都建有核

电站，如上游蓄水大坝，因此我们积累了丰富的用户反馈信息。此外，我

们在湖泊也建有核电站，湖泊发挥了核电散热器的作用（如 Cattenom 核

电站）。在内陆核电站项目方向，我们有很大的优势。

如今，EPR 在法国沿河核电站也有应用。我们可以将我们的技术应用于中

国内陆的 EPR 和 1000 兆瓦机组。

DPS：在福岛事故之后，中国核电企业更加关注核电站的质量与安全问题。中方核电运营者有没有要求 EDF 根据以往经验（如法国的 Le Blayais 事故）提供应对洪灾相关专业知识？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：我们确实在扩大在华

业务方面存在优势。我们有世界最大的运营机组和较为综合的工程体系，

由于 EDF 操作机组时间长，我们的经验较之中国同事更为丰富，这一点

我可以举例说明。就拿 Blayais 来说，现在是电站大修的第三个十年计划，

台山市政府 -- 中广核集团 -- 法中电力协会签约仪式

60专访

企业必须向中国提供全球化的技术。不仅是中方公司，所有与市场息息相

关的人都很重视这一点。我们在广东已有 12 个核电公司。广东省发展和

改革委员会希望 PFCE 能够起带头作用，推动其他法国公司在广东建立核

电公司。

我们希望 PFCE 的成员公司加入中国市场，前提是要有预见性和市场前景。

例如，我们协会的会员非常看好台山核电站 3 期 4 期项目以及 EDF 参与的

其它核电站项目。但是如果没有前景、没有市场，那么投资和建立分公司

就没有任何意义了。

两年前，由于广东想发展核电业务，中广核、法中电力协会与台山市签署

了三方协议。广东想大力发展包括核电在内的高科技企业。而当时，核电

相关企业都集中在深圳、南沙、和台山。核电研发企业分布在深圳，核电

重型设备聚集在南沙，如 VALINOX，核电辅助设备和设备维护企业分布

在台山。我们提高了广东核电企业的设备维护水平，同时，我们敦促法中

电力协会的会员公司进驻台山核电维护市场。ACPP 成为进驻台山市清洁

能源产业园的第一家外资核电公司。

DPS：这种合作关系将会延伸到其他国家。同时，更多的法国制造商为中国生产适合中国企业的本土化产品。我们能否这样理解：中国将作为PFCE 各成员公司走向国际市场的一个跳板？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：2011 年，南非总统雅

各布 . 祖玛邀请我们参加了圆桌会议。

会议主题是 “ 本土化生产成功典范 —PFCE”。我们有一半的成员公司在中

国进行生产，因此本地化生产不是一个虚无缥缈的梦。PFCE 就是一个很

好的例证。

我们非常认可我们在波兰做的演讲 —— 通过企业合作，我们提高了产品

质量，传授了法国精英企业的专业知识，并且提升了成员公司之间的凝聚

力。我们做事并不墨守成规。

我们还去了越南，越南企业对我们的品牌理念和合作模式表现出浓厚的兴

趣。

然而，我们需要了解的是，由于中国地域广大，很多政策都在变革，诸

多不确定因素决定了中国市场的特殊性。中国市场要求我们从大局考虑，

而不是仅保留单一的体制。我们在中国学到的最宝贵的经验就是团队合

作。

未来，中法将在在其它国际项目上进行合作。

EDF 正在为电站大修的第四个十年计划做准备。我们甚至考虑了极寒的气

候条件（如 1985—1986 年出现的传感器被冰冻的情况），同时我们会考

虑到像 Blayais 这样的洪灾因素、高温因素，我们还调整了地震警报的数

值标准。我们有自己的安全技术组织。我们在这方面取得的经验教训将会

使中国团队受益。

在大亚湾项目大修的第二个十年，我们将对核电站进行全方位核安全检查。

我们不仅更新了设计，还对设备进行了更新。

打比方说，如果一旦进水，设备内部就会被淹没。为了应对这种突发事故，

PFCE 的成员 Mecatiss 专门设计了一种产品，只要一进水就会自动关闭。

中国客户对此技术创新表现出浓厚的兴趣。

我认为法国在许多方面都存在绝对优势，如我们的组织体制、安全标准、

安全机构的严格监管、一套完整的建设模式等。且我们与一大批信誉较高

的供应商建立了合作关系。

DPS：自 2000 年以来，您为中国企业经理人举办了多场技术研讨会。能否谈一下都有哪些人士参加？主题是什么？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：EDF 常常组织技术研

讨会，但是通常不会带 EDF 的同事参加会议，而是邀请我们的供应商。

我们帮助中国合作公司延长核电站的使用寿命，确保反应堆的安全性能达

到在建压水反应堆的安全要求。

DPS：CNNC 和 CGNPC 打算依托法国反应堆向阿根廷和土耳其出口相关技术。您认为PFCE 的成员公司能从中获取什么样的利益呢？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：中国在这些国家创

办公司的形式取决于合同的类型，或是工程总承包的方式，或是本土产

业开发的方式。无论以上哪种方式，他们都将倾向于沿用合作多年的供

销商，一来降低成本，二来还可以保证质量。如果这些供销商能够像

PFCE 的成员公司一样在中国成立公司，他们将会有更多的机会加入中

国的核电项目。

中国供销商将联手法国合作伙伴共同进驻国际市场，双方都可以从中受益。

DPS：PFCE 在中国的发展前景如何？

Jean-Claude Prenez 先生：在高科技领域，国外

PFCE 参观台山市项目建设现场

61 专访

DPS：能否介绍一下您的个人背景？您是何时加入法国原子能机构（CEA）的？您实际担任什么职位？

科尔迪耶先生 : 我是一名接受过专业教育的化学工程师，曾在法国

一所工程院校就读，并于 1991 年 3 月份加入 CEA。当时我正在撰写一篇

关于核乏燃料再加工的博士论文，所以我其实是在 1995 年完成我的论文

之后正式加入 CEA 的。那时我在 CEA 实验室任职了 5 年，工作基本是在

法国南部的马尔库尔核废料处理站研究核废料再加工技术，主要是从核废

料中分离出次锕系元素。2000 年我离开 CEA 来到法国高杰马公司（现在

的阿海珐集团），在高杰马工作的 5 年间，我被派到日本青森县六所村核

燃料再加工厂，它当时是在阿海珐工程师的帮助下建造和测试的。2005年，

我回到了 CEA，在国际事业部就职，主要负责维系与日本，韩国和澳大利

亚的关系。2007 年 9 月，我以核工业参赞的身份被派往法国驻东京大使馆，

直到 2011 年 12 月我又以同样的身份被调到法国驻华大使馆，在北京工作

至今。

DPS：日本青森县六所村核燃料再加工厂和法国拉黑格核废料再加工厂情况相同吗？

科尔迪耶先生 : 由于拉黑格处理厂是在技术转移的基础上建造的，

所以他们的核心过程是一致的，包括剪切，分离，提纯等。我们可以把他

们称为姊妹处理厂。他们的区别之一在于玻璃化工厂，它采用的是日本的

技术。当时，这一特殊的工厂遇到了很多麻烦，至今仍处于测试阶段。所

以总的来说，它还没有开始投入运营。

DPS：2013 年 1 月，中法即将迎来两国核电事业合作 30 周年。第一次合作始于 1986 年的大亚湾核电项目。CEA 在大亚湾核电项目中起到了什么作用？

科尔迪耶先生: 1983年5月5日中法签署了关于核电合作的备忘录，

开启了大亚湾核电项目合作之门。有趣的是，代表法国签字的其中一位是

叫做 Lauren Fabius 的年轻的研究与工业部长，他现在正是法国外交部长。

1982 年 11 月 22 日 CEA( 国家原子能机构 )和当时的核工业部签署了另一

份协议，它更关注研发领域和制度关系。30 年过去了，这份协议仍然具有

效力，并且每 3 年修订一次 -- 起初是和核工业部，然后和 CNNC ( 中国

核工业集团)，现在是和CEA。我们现在正在和CEA协商第十一次草案协议。

DPS：中国国家原子能机构 (CAEA) 和法国原子能机构 (CEA) 是对等机构吗？

科尔迪耶先生 : 作为一个政府机构，就制度关系而言，CAEA 是我

们的对等机构。但就研发工作而言，我们有 CEA-CAEA 协定框架下的其

他协议和合作作为 CEA 的保护伞或者框架协议。例如，我们与中国的相

关机构建立了几个针对不同领域的联合研究实验室：

-- 和中国核电工程有限公司联合建立的关于反应堆物理学和严重事故应对

方案研究实验室。

-- 和中国核动力研究设计院联合建立的有关热工水力学研究实验室。

-- 和中国原子能科学研究院合作建立的关于快堆研究的联合实验室。

-- 和北京地质研究院建立的关于核废料地质埋存方面的实验室。

-- 和 RIMPO 合作设立的辐射材料老化研究实验室。

这些实验室不断更新数据，坚持引进人才，并且定期召开会议。

简单来说，在中法合作的 30 年里，数百名中国科学家参与到 CEA 实验室

研究中去。此外，我们与中国科学技术部和中国科学院还有涉及不同课题

的非核活动的合作协议。

DPS：2009 年，CEA 更名为“ 法国原子能与可替代能源委员会”。这一新名字是否有助于CEA 扩大与中国的合作范围？

科尔迪耶先生 :CEA 确实已将其名称改为“法国原子能与可替代能

源委员会”。CEA 设立的最初目标是（现在依然如此）核能的研发，但是

随着时间的推移，CEA 在新能源和可再生能源领域发展了强劲的技术。先

简单来了解一下 CEA：CEA 现在是一个拥有约 16000 名人员，活跃在低

碳能源，信息技术，医疗技术，国防和全球安全等领域的组织机构，并且

它运营大型设备，提供技术研发和技术转移。如果提到可替代能源，CEA

法国驻华大使馆核工业参赞

科尔迪耶先生专访

拉黑格核废料再加工工厂图片来源于阿海珐公司

62专访

DPS：这些不同的领域是否都属于 CEA 和CAEA 签署的合作协议的一部分？

科尔迪耶先生 : CEA 和 CAEA 签署的协议是个无所不包的综合性

协议。基于上面提到的某些原因，目前我们与 CAEA 和 CNNC 的大部分

合作保留在核工业领域。

但是 CEA 在中国的活动不仅限于协议框架下的合作。CEA 与中国其他组

织之间还签署有别的协议，包括中科院和中国科学与技术部。

CEA也与一些中法多方研究机构的国际实验室有直接或间接的联系。例如，

几个月前，我参加了一个叫 MONOCL 机构的成立仪式，它主要从事季风，

海洋和气候的研究。事实上，为了研究地质气候，中法正在南海基地进行

训练。但是也有机构进行粒子物理学，有机化学等领域的研究。由此说来，

我们也不尽然只在核领域合作。

DPS：教育是 CEA 的关注点之一。2010 年，CEA 和中山大学合作建立了中法核工程与技术学院（IFCEN）。您能否告诉我们“法国国家核能科学与技术研究院”（INSTN）在这一新机构中的地位？

科尔迪耶先生 : 教育确实是 CEA 的一项重要任务，培训和知识的

传播是我们的核心任务之一。CEA 成立初期，INSTN 就是为保证核方面

知识的相应教育而创立的。由于它是 CEA 的一部分，许多老师其实就是

CEA 的科学家和工程师。INSTN 是核知识教育的示范性机构。

因此，当中法合办核教育类学院的主意萌生时，INSTN 和 CEA 就理所当

然的参与其中了。

IFCEN 于 2010 年创办于珠海市，中国方面，它是设立在广州中山大学并

与其合作的研究机构：法国方面，它是几个机构的联合体，由格勒诺布尔

技术学院牵头，INSTN，南特矿业学院，蒙彼利埃化学研究生院和巴黎国

家化工学院共同参与。

DPS：是谁资助这一机构的？

科尔迪耶先生 : 目前，资助费用由中法双方平均分摊。法国方面，

像 EDF（法国电力集团），AREVA（阿海珐）和 BV（法国船级局）这样

的工业集团是这笔资助费的主要承担者。

DPS：中法两国是否都承认在此学校获得的学位？

科尔迪耶先生 :当初的设想就是颁发中国学位证书，并在两国都认

可。当然，IFCEN 设在中国，所以学位证书是中国的证书。但是工程学院

的学位在法国也是适用的，我们也希望得到相关机构的认可（如法国工程师

职衔委员会）。很快一切都会步入正轨的，因为 2013 年 9 月第一届工程学

院学生将开始他们的课程。每个毕业班约 100 人，随着 6 年多课程的结束，

2016 年 9 月第一届学生将毕业，那时就有约 600 名核工程方面的人才诞生。

DPS：这样的大学合作项目会被复制到其他学校吗？还是你们只和中山大学开设这样的学院？

科尔迪耶先生 :目前没有复制这一项目的计划。我想在复制一个项目之

前，如果真的有必要扩大规模，最容易的办法就是增加每个班级的学生人数。

DPS：这一培训要求最初来自哪里？教育部门还是运营商？

科尔迪耶先生 : 这是两国的共同意愿：中国想要培训出具有法国核

能教育背景的工程师，因为法国是中国乃至世界核技术参考和借鉴的典范。

对法国来说，对外传播核能教育知识，有助于在华法国公司找到训练有素

的会说法语的中国工程师，这样就可以形成中 - 法 - 核能三位一体的文化

体系。对于 EDF，AREVA 和法国的中小企业来说，这样的三位一体文化

无疑是天赐之物！这也将有益于所有与法国有业务来往的中国公司—客户

公司或是作为合营企业的伙伴公司（如中广核）。对我而言，我的前任就

为此项目费尽心血，它真的是中法核能合作的伟大成就和中法变得更加强

大的鲜明例证，试问还有什么方法比创办学院更加适合为未来铺路呢？

在中国创办一所专注核能教育的机构，并采用法国的教学方法，这似乎是

满足中国宏伟的核电项目的巨大需求的最好方式。何况，也不可能在法国

培训这么多的需求人才。

IFCEN 的教育是依照法国高等专业院校或工程院校的教学原则进行的：3年的数学和物理的加强学习，外加 3 年的工程学习。另外，IFCEN 的中国

学生要求在此期间学习法语，这可不容易！

而且，培训的同时还有一些研发活动，这是工程学习期间要求做的。目前这些

都还在发展中，还可以做一些有意义的研究，比如建模，传感器，材料，安全等。

我会定期去那里，当法国专业人员参观田湾核电站时，他们也去 IFCEN演讲。最近的一次是 2012 年 4 月法国核安全局专员 Marie-Pierre Comets女士在 IFCEN 做出的演讲，她用法语讲授，学生们听得懂并用法语提问，

这真是太了不起了！

DPS：为外国学生提供教育的“国际核能研究院”（I2EN）和 IFCEN 的主要区别是什么？

科尔迪耶先生 : I2EN 实际上不是一个学院或者培训机构。它为法

国的合作伙伴提供核电行业人力资源发展方面最好的培训方案。它的运行

模式是这样的：I2EN 通过政府或企业收到外国的培训要求，分析他们的

请求，然后根据具体需求量身定制培训方案。另外，为了使对核知识培训

感兴趣的人找到满足他们培训需求的最好方案，I2EN 建立了一套完整的

仅在法国本土有效的核能培训课程登记体系，并对该体系不断的进行更新。

I2EN 的优势在于它连系着参与法国核能培训的各个单位：在法国相关部

门的监管下的 15多所大学或工程院校，企业公司（包括AREVA和EDF等）

和研究机构（包括 CEA，CNRS 和 ANDRA），共有 27 个伙伴单位聚集

法国太阳能研究所太阳能电池板测试照片由 CEA 提供

是法国能源效率（智能电网）、太阳能、氢（燃料电池）、生物燃料和能

量储存（电池）等方面一流的研发机构，例如 CEA 参与了 2005 年设立

的法国国家太阳能研究所项目。

63 专访

在会议室里，会议由原子能机构的高级专员主持。

DPS：I2EN 是什么时候建立的？

科尔迪耶先生 : I2EN 是由当时的法国总统萨科奇在 2010 年 3 月

举办的“国际民用核能大会”上宣布成立的。几个月后，即 2010 年 9 月，

DPS：中国是否准备投资朱尔斯·霍洛维茨反应堆 ( 简称 JHR)?

科尔迪耶先生 : JHR 是一个功率达 100 兆瓦的材料试验反应堆（简称

MTR）。运用 JHR 我们可以模拟核电站（甚至在某些极端情况下）进行材料

筛选、鉴定以及燃料元件的质量检测。第二代核电技术（材料老化）、第三

代核电技术（燃料和材料）甚至第四代核电技术都可以用 JHR进行研发工作。

由于目前欧洲所有 MTR 都已运行了 40—50 年，设备已经相当老旧。因此

法国原子能机构决定制造该种设备，并向全球推广，以成立一个服务于核

电反应堆和燃料研发的基地。

JHR 将在核电研发方面发挥重要作用。一个月前我去了 JHR 建设现场，该

项目还在建设阶段。当我们决定生产 JHR 时，法国原子能机构表示要从一

开始就要向全球推广 JHR。

所有加入 JHR 协会的机构、企业或公用事业公司都可以对该实验设备的

使用权进行管理，并且在 JHR 的运营方面有发言权。而成为该协会会员

的前提是对该项目进行投资。JHR 由位于法国卡达拉舍（Cadarache）中

心的法国原子能机构管理。法国电力集团公司（EDF）和法国能源公司阿

海珐（Areva）也参与了该项目。JHR 的对外开放使用也分几个层面。如果

你是协会会员，你可以独立进行研发，研发成果将归你自己所有，并且作

为投资商，你将享有优先使用权；或者你也可以邀请其他团队进行联合项

目研发；如果其他非协会会员想要进行项目研发，就需要提交国际文件，

一般流程包括提议提交、协会董事会审议、提议通过或驳回。JHR 预计于

2016 年正式运行。

JHR 反应堆建设现场图片来源于 CEA

DPS：中国的公司，比如，中国东方电气集团有限公司、上海电气集团股份有限公司、哈尔滨电气集团公司，在第三代核电技术制造资质方面面临一定问题。他们有资格投资 JHR 吗？

科尔迪耶先生 : 是的，如果他们有这个意愿就可以投资。JHR 协

会的成员是多样化的。例如，非法国本土的协会成员中，研发组织有比利

时核能研究中心、印度原子能部和芬兰国家技术研究中心；工业公司有瑞

典 Vattenfal 公司；国家协会有西班牙环境能源技术研究中心。所以无论

是外国制造商还是公用事业单位均可以加入 JHR 协会。

DPS：在新发布“核安全与放射性污染防治规划”中多次提到紧急状况下的撤离方案。法国国家原子能机构成立了紧急救援队 (FLS)，这在马库勒(Marcoule) 很有名气。你们在此领域跟中方有什么合作吗？

科尔迪耶先生 : FLS 作为紧急情况的第一反应小组，对于法国原

它开始运营，直到 2011 年 6 月，它才正式成立。福岛核事故后，全世界

对核电的认识发生变化，各国放弃核电项目或者暂停拟建项目的传闻不绝

于耳，包括意大利，德国，瑞士等。事实是以中国为首，包括俄罗斯，波

兰，越南，土耳其和阿拉伯在内的更多国家通过行动证实了他们的核电计

划和承诺。所以 I2EN 在后福岛时代还完全保持着纽带作用，因为第一道

安全防线就是让人们接受最好的培训。I2EN 仍然在为满足这个需求和加

强全球核安全做出贡献。

DPS：法国原子能机构以拥有快中子增殖反应堆的专门技术而享誉全球。2004 年时任中国国家原子能机构主任的张华祝先生会晤了法国核能部的主任 Jacques Bouchard 先生。他们会谈的主要话题之一就是让中国加入“第四代核能系统国际论坛”。五年后，中国核工业集团董事长孙勤与 Bernard Bigot 先生就快堆签署了一项合作协议。此合作产生了什么样的效果？

科尔迪耶先生 : 中国加入第四代核能系统国际论坛（简称GIF）时，

Jacques Bouchard先生还是该论坛的主席。中国计划大力发展核电项目，

且实施的是闭式循环核电发展政策，因此对于 GIF 来说中国的加入显得

意义非凡。

法国在研发快堆方面有着悠久的历史，最著名的有凤凰快堆和超凤凰快堆。

现在中法两国依然在进行快堆的研发工作，如法国有 ASTRID 项目（先

进钠技术工业示范反应堆），中国有 CEFR（中国实验快堆）和 CIAE（中国原子能科学研究院）。中法两国在快堆领域已合作多年。我参观过

CEFR 两次，并有幸结识了中国工程院首席科学家徐銤—中国快堆事业的

开拓者和奠基人。他在法国也有很多朋友。现在两国的核电合作进展很顺

利。几个星期以前，中国原子能科学研究院和法国原子能机构在中国举行

了一次信息交流会。

未来这种合作将会延续。明年，法国的先进钠技术工业示范反应堆项目有

望得到批准，预计在本世纪 20 年代运行。而未来的中国核电项目众多，

如建造动力强大的反应堆项目、中国示范快堆项目以及为俄罗斯基地建造

两个 BN800 快堆项目。

IFCEN 揭牌仪式图片来源于格勒诺布尔技术学院网站

64专访

子能机构的任何一个中心来说都是不可或缺的。福岛事件后，许多核电相

关单位都会想的一个问题是：“如果这种事发生在我们身上，我们应该怎

样做？”说实话，我认为在面临像福岛这样的重大事故，没有一个国家可

以做到完美应对。这是一个由重大自然灾害—地震和海啸引发的核电事故。

这次核事故令人深思，但是人们也从中汲取了经验教训。以法国为例，法

国电力集团公司成立了“快速反应核能部队”（简称 FARN）。法国公用

事业公司准备建造设备中心。发生事故时，这种中心可以在二十四小时内

启动核电站的辅助制冷设备和发电设备，且没有地点限制。

对于所有有核电项目的国家来说，核电安全都是头等大事。福岛事故之后

的核电安全成为各国热议和交流的一个主题。当然，从国际层面来说，国

际原子能组织成为该种议题讨论的主要交流机构。而就中法两国而言，也

存在这种交流。

近期，法国核事故应急协调委员会的代表团来到法国参观法国相关部门。

代表团会见了法国原子能安全委员会、放射防护与核安全研究员（IRSN）

的危机处理中心、法国电力集团及其“快速反应核能部队”。这次交流汇

集了全球核能部门所关心的核电问题，并且就好的解决方案和方法进行了

有效的交流。对于核安全来说，危机应急是不可缺少的。我认为，核安全

是所有核电国家都想实现的共同目标，所以对于合理的核电理念和有效的

核电方案进行交流合作符合各国利益。

DPS：阿海珐（Areva）正在和中国核工业集团公司（CNNC，简称中核）就中国建立再加工厂进行商谈，您有什么看法？

科尔迪耶先生 : 根据 2009 年中法两国发布的联合声明：阿海珐和

中核将会就在中国建立废料再加工厂进行商讨。这将是拉黑格工厂和梅洛

克斯的结合体。这是一个庞大的工程，我也真心希望这一项目能够早日得

以实现。阿海珐和中核还要就许多相关事宜进行协商，同时中法两国也要

就一项特殊的协议进行磋商。所以两国之间一直保持着沟通，所有进程都

在缓慢但却有序的进行着。

DPS：为再加工厂制造部件的公司和为核电站生产设备的公司有什么不同吗？

科尔迪耶先生 : 核电站建设是一个大型产业：全球运行中的反应堆

有 440 个，在建的有 60 个，其中有 40% 分布在中国。核电站建设是一个

成熟的产业，而且受到严格的控制。而人们对核废料再加工的了解并不多。

阿海珐的拉黑格核废料再加工工厂在产业运作和商业运营方面都没有后顾

之忧，因此在核废料再加工领域显得比较特别。中法两国决定推进核燃料

闭式循环体系建设。

对于那些正在建造核废料再加工工厂的公司来说，参与这种项目的机会也

就只有一次，因为所有的设备都是专门为工厂定制的。例如，像用于将乏

燃料剪切成几厘米长的剪切机和将乏燃料碎片浸入热硝酸进行溶解的旋转

溶解器这种独特复杂的设备，以及抗损坏设备都是废料再加工厂的必备品，

但是这种设备基本上只需制造一次就可以了。

也就是说，参与核燃料循环项目的公司和参与核电站项目的公司没有什么

区别。这两个项目都需要高科技部件，且都要满足国际核电产业的质量要

求。例如，日本东芝、日立和三菱重工公司参与了日本青森县核废料处理

厂的建设，同时也参与了核电站的设计和建造项目。

DPS：在中国的核废料再加工项目中，谁占据领导地位？是阿海珐还是法国原子能机构？

科尔迪耶先生 : 根据中法两国于 2009 年 12 月颁布的联合公告，

阿海珐和中核集团正在就在中国建立核废料再加工厂这一事宜进行洽谈。

阿海珐的拉黑格核废料再加工厂多年成功运行为阿海珐积累了丰富的运营

经验，而拉黑格工厂用的化学加工技术却是由法国原子能机构提供的。并

且，根据此公告，中法政府间还会就该项目的实施签署一份协议，其中法

国原子能机构代表法国就协议内容同与中方进行洽谈。

DPS：法国原子能机构（CEA）的研究引发了新兴公司的建立和专利的产生，这些专利由外国和法国的公司所使用。中国是否也在发展类似的制度？

科尔迪耶先生 : 每个国家都面临一个相同的问题，也就是如何

完成从基础研究到成品制造的转型。我们把这一现象成为“死亡谷”：

如何完成从依靠公共基金进行研发，到依靠企业投资研制产品，再到制

造可以面向市场销售的产品这样一个转型？而“死亡谷”是失败和成功

的分界线，跨过去就是成功，跨不过去就是失败。我们在法国原子能机

构设有技术研发部（DRT）。这个部门的主要职责是与企业合作伙伴密

切合作，并协助其完成从研发到产业的过渡。法国原子能机构主要涉及

的三个领域包括微电子学和纳米技术（LETI）、软件密集系统 (LIST) 和替代能源与纳米材料 (LITEN)。不得不提的是，大约有 150 家企业

是在这种研发过程中成立的，以 SOITEC 为例，它的营业额达到 3 亿

欧元。

技术研发部（DRT）也在考虑与国外企业或研发伙伴进行合作。美国和日

本已经建立了有效的合作战略，他们外派工程师对潜在合作企业所在国家

进行考察，以决定是否可以建立合作关系。几个月前，DRT 的一个代表加

入了 CEA，她现在正在对中国市场进行调查。由于我们刚刚开始对中国进

行此项调研，所以现在我很难回答中国是否会发展类似的制度。

LETI 实验室净化室图片来源于 CEA

DPS: 您对中法两国在未来的核电合作有什么看法？

科尔迪耶先生 : 我一直强调中法两国在核电领域的长久合作。今年

10 月中国国务院出台了新的核电政策，中国的新建核电项目面临着向第

三代核电反应堆转型的问题。这对于我们来说也是一个转折点。

法国大部分机组建于 20 世纪 80 年代，现在法国有核电反应堆 58 个，其

输出电量占本国总电量的 75%。因此中法合作是天作之合—法国拥有先

进的技术和运营经验，而中国的核电市场朝气蓬勃，存在大量潜在核电项

目。台山核电站的反应堆是由中广核、法国电力集团和阿海珐共同建造的，

这一项目体现了中法两国在核产业的高精技术，同时也是两国合作的最好

例证。同时，他们现在正在就一个 1000 兆瓦的类反应堆项目进行洽谈。

中法两国的合作不仅仅局限于反应堆，在上文所述的其它领域也有合作。

这种合作是国家间最高级别的合作，且是没有偏差、相互平等的合作。

总之，中法合作已经成功走过了三十年，我相信未来的发展之路将更加顺

畅。就我自己而言，我将努力做好本职工作，为中法合作做出贡献。同时

我也希望三十年后，我的接班人能够为他们在这个岗位做出的贡献感到自

豪！

65 专访

除了目前 27 个在建新项目外，若要使能源能够自给自足，中国还应稳固铀矿供应和当地制造加工的能力。长期的合作关系和技术转让是确保这一问题的关键。核设备和燃料供应商——法国阿海珐集团是中国最重要的合作伙伴之一，支持中国核工业逐渐走上能源自给自足的道路。

北京阿海珐中国区总部BRIC JV（北京反应堆核心控制）

上海分支机构CAST JV（锆管）

AD JV（北京反应堆核心控制）

大亚湾工地办事处

台山工地办事处

深圳分支机构WECAN JV（工程设计）台山项目PM台山项目JDO/JDT

田湾分支机构天津

德阳

上海

深圳大亚湾

台山

阿海珐集团中国区前总裁 Andolenko 说道：“ 与中国首次合作 25 年之后，Andolenko 集团进入

了一个新的阶段，其中，关键的一点是我们都愿

意与中国企业合作，打入国际市场，并帮助中国

企业在其国内市场实现能源的自给自足 ”。“ 中法两国需要发展新的合作关系，包括工程设计以

及反应堆设计的收购。2009 年成立的 WECAN JV 就是中法两国更深入合作的最好证明 ”。由阿海珐集团和中国广东核电集团（CGNPC）

共同建立的合资公司旨在向未来的中国核电站在

核岛工程设计和收购方面提供支持，并向国外潜

在的 EPR 反应堆提供支持。目前，合资公司拥

有员工 350 多人，全部运作时，将成为中国核

领域最大的合作伙伴。

反应堆建设

目前，广东省台山市正在建设两个 EPR 反应

堆。CGNPC 的两家子公司参与建设该项目。阿

海珐负责核岛的工程建设和收购，并领导中国核电工程有限公司

（CNPEC）共同承担收购和交付责任，中国核电设计有限公司

（CNPDC）负责工程建设和设计。阿海珐与 CNPDC 在深圳成

立了合作设计组织（JDO），汇集阿海珐的工程师和 CNPDC 中

由阿海珐管理的工程师共同建造台山核电站一期二期项目。

Andolenko 说：“ 中国企业在所有主要方面广泛、深入地参与台

山核电项目。”“CGNPC 工程师正在进行一项规模巨大的工程 ——欧洲和中国加起来总共需耗费 150 万小时，并

参与了台山 EPR 反应堆的详细设计 ”。2008-2011 期间，CGNPC 的 190 多位工程师作为法

国核电集团自力更生计划的一部分加入了阿海

珐设计团队，参与项目的不同阶段，积累丰富的

经验。按照合同规定，全球工程建设量的 25%将由中国工程师完成。

中法两方的企业按照预算和计划完成工程，阿

海珐在 2012 年 1 月之前完成了 85% 的采购订

单和 69% 的工程建设。2011 年 10 月，1 号机

组反应堆压力装置交付工程现场，反应堆建筑

封顶，在第一次浇筑混凝土后仅用了 24 个月

（而芬兰的基洛托 3 号项目历时 47 个月）。

CGNPC 副总经理郑东山最近在接受关于阿海

珐的采访中说道：“ 我们将之前从 EPR 项目总

结出的经验全部运用到台山核电站项目中 ”，该项目的成功归功于 EPR 的舰队系列效应以及

CGNPC 与阿海珐的密切协作）。

30 年的合作

阿海珐是中国电力工业的第一批国外合作伙伴之一，已对中国的核工业发展做出了巨大的

贡献：20 世纪 80 年代中期首次与中国合作建设大亚湾核电站（NPP）项目，随后是岭澳

核电站项目，这两个项目均位于广东省深圳市。

阿海珐中国区总裁 Andolenko 说道：“ 在中国目前正在运作的 15 个核电站中，阿海珐直接

和间接参与了其中六个核电站的建设。” 目前，中国在建的 26 个反应堆中的 19 个采用了

阿海珐技术，特别是配置了大亚湾和岭澳核电站一期设计演变的产物 —— 中国设计软件

CPR-1000。阿海珐在中国的队伍不断扩大，共有办事处 12 个，员工 850 多人，并与中国主泵制造和核

心仪表领域的关键核电企业共同建立了数个合资企业。

2005年，阿海珐与中国东方电气集团公司（DEC）共同建立了阿海珐 -东方电气合资公司（AD JV）。该公司法方和中方各持股 50%，主要从事主泵制造，目前向中国的主要公共事业单

位定期供应反应堆冷却泵。目前已制造完成但未交付的泵有六十个，计划在 2012 年夏季开

始扩建，已满足不断增长的需求。

2010 年，阿海珐与中国广东核电集团（CGNPC）共同建立了北京反应堆核心控制（BRIC）

合资公司，对压水反应堆核心仪表系统进行设计和开发。

2011 年签了两个大订单，2011 年底交付了第一批设备。

阿海珐在中国的成长之路

66专访

中国上海 CAST 核电站 Zy4 管和 Zy4 管层的目检

关于收购方面，由于与中国核工业持久不间断的合作关系，台山 1号机组主要部件的 30% 已由中国企业制造并安装；2 号机组的大

部分重型部件将在中国制造。除了台山的两台 EPR 机组外，阿海

珐还将首次提供两个燃料堆芯和 17 个加料装置，并提供 15 年的

浓缩铀，使台山 EPR 合同成为最大的核电项目合同。

中国企业走向能源自给自足道路的另一个典型例子就是 2011 年岭

澳核电站二期项目的竣工。CGNPC 在阿海珐的支持下，领头完

成第二台机组的建造，并于 2011 年 8 月进入商业运行。

前沿燃料合作关系

根据中国目前配置的大型核电计划，中国核燃料市场有望强劲增

长。中国核工业集团公司（CNNC）估计，截止 2015 年，锆管

的年需求量为 1500 km，截止 2020 年，锆管的年需求量为 2000 km。为满足这一需求并确保燃料供应安全，2010 年阿海珐与

CNNC共同建立了制造并销售PWR燃料组件用锆管的合资企业，

并建立了持久的合作关系。

中核阿海珐上海锆管有限公司（简称 CAST）是阿海珐与 CNNC各子公司共同建立的持股比例各占为 50% 的合资企业，下属

台山核电站 EPR1 号反应堆建筑封顶，2011 年 10 月。本图由 EDF/TNPJVC 提供。

子公司有：全球领先的锆部件制造商

CEZUS 以及专业制造各种锆管的上海

高泰锆管有限公司（SGTC）。CAST合资企业将为中国的两家燃料组件制造

厂生产套管：即四川省宜宾市的 CJNF以及内蒙古包头市的 CNNFC，生产出

的套管仅供国内的公共事业单位使用。

目前，CAST 制造厂的 70 名员工已接

受阿海珐团队的培训。该厂将于 2012年底开始运行，并在 2011 年逐渐达到

300km 管 / 年的生产量，2015 年将达到

1500km 管 / 年的生产量，届时将创造

工作岗位 140 个。2011 年 7 月，CAST通过秦山核电站反应堆的锆合金 4 管

认证。2011 年 10 月，合资企业向秦山

核电站一期项目交付了第一批加料装置

（13 台）。

CAST 合资企业的创立标志着阿海珐与

CNNC 的合作关系迈出了新的一步。在

燃料设计和制造领域，自 1991 年起，

两家公司一直不断努力，并进行了两次技术转让。

1991 年 5 月签订的首次技术转让协议是针对 AFA 2G 燃料组件的，

并包括提供制造燃料组件所需的设备以及向 CJNF（中核建中核燃

料元件）制造厂提供技术服务。该厂 1996 年通过相关认证，同年

交付了第一批 AFA 2G 加料装置。1998 年，阿海珐与 CNNC 继续

合作，进行 AFA 3G 设计。目前，CJNF 为大亚湾 / 岭澳和浙江秦

山核电站以及 CPR1000 新建核电站的压水反应堆提供了所需的全

部燃料。

CNNFC 制造厂是阿海珐与 CNNC 密切合作三年的成果，2010 年

4 月取得 AFA 3G 燃料组件生产的资格证书。凭借阿海珐最新的法

国和德国先进技术，CNNFC 制造厂现正为秦山核电站的 3 号反应

堆制造第一批燃料组件加料装置。目前，AFA 3G 组件中使用的关

键进口部件全部由阿海珐提供，这些部件用于中国大部分第二代

PWR 反应堆中。2011 年，该集团刷新了向中国交付的部件记录，

大约交付了 1600 个燃料组件和相关控制棒束，即一个 1000 MWe PWR 有 30 个加料装置。

展望未来，阿海珐将支持 CJNF 项目每年扩容 400 吨的计划，并

协助 CNNFC 创建电网制造机组。这些新项目进一步巩固了阿海

珐在促进中国核燃料市场增长和加强套管生产能力的重要地位。

67 新政策

河北省电力建设第一工程公司设备安全等级范围

控制棒驱动机构 1 级安装

阀门 1 级安装

安全壳钢衬里 2 级安装

堆内构件 3 级安装

压力容器 2 级安装

管道及管配件 1 级安装

换热器 2 级安装

泵 2 级安装

支撑件 1 级安装

闸门 2 级安装

储罐 1 级安装

湖南湘电长沙水泵有限公司设备安全等级范围

泵 2 级 & 3 级设计 &制造

广东火电工程总公司

设备安全等级范围

控制棒驱动机构 1 级 & 3 级安装

阀门 2 级安装

安全壳钢衬里 2 级安装

堆内构件 3 级安装

压力容器 2 级 & 3 级安装

管道及管配件 1 级 ,2 级 & 3 级安装

HAF 601 更新证书 12/10/2012

2012 10

设备安全等级范围

换热器 2 级 & 3 级安装

泵 2 级 & 3 级安装

支撑件 1 级 ,2 级 & 3 级安装

闸门 2 级安装

储罐 1 级 ,2 级 & 3 级安装

传感器 1E 安装

仪表 1E 安装

电缆 1E 安装

应急柴油发电机组 1E 安装

电池（组） 1E 安装

阀门驱动装置 1E 安装

电动机 1E 安装

机柜 1E 安装

江南阀门有限公司设备安全等级范围

阀门 2 级 & 3 级设计 &制造

浙江省火电建设公司设备安全等级范围

安全壳钢衬里 1 级 & 3 级安装

四川三洲川化机核能设备制造有限公司设备安全等级范围

管道及管配件 1 级 & 3 级制造

68新政策

核安全与放射性污染防治“十二五”规划及 2020年远景目标

前言党中央、国务院历来高度重视核安全与放射性污染防治工作，有关部门和企事业单位认真贯彻落实国家确定的方针政策，我国核能与核技术利用事业

多年来保持了良好的安全业绩。日本福岛核事故发生后，国务院立即做出重要部署，明确要求抓紧编制核安全规划。本规划深入分析当前核安全工作

中存在的薄弱环节，坚持 “ 安全第一、质量第一 ” 的根本方针，力争至 “ 十二五 ” 末我国核能与核技术利用安全水平进一步提高，辐射环境安全风险

明显降低；到 2020 年，核电安全保持国际先进水平，核安全与放射性污染防治水平全面提升，辐射环境质量保持良好，为保障我国核能与核技术利

用事业安全、健康、可持续发展提供坚实有力的支撑。

一 . 现状与形式目前，我国已经形成较为完整的核工业体系，核能在优化能

源结构、保障能源安全、促进污染减排和应对气候变化等方面发

挥了重要作用。2011 年 3 月 11 日本福岛核事故后，进一步保障

核安全与防治放射性污染任务更加艰巨和紧迫，相关工作面临新

的形势和挑战。

（一）核安全与放射性污染防治取得积极进展。

1. 核安全保障体系渐趋完善。

参考国际原子能机构和核能先进国家有关安全标准，我国

已基本建立了覆盖各类核设施和核活动的核安全法规标准体系。

2003 年以来，先后颁布并实施了一系列部门规章、导则和标准等

文件，为保障核安全奠定了良好基础。初步形成了以营运单位、

集团公司、行业主管部门和核安全监管部门为主的核安全管理体

系，以及由国家、省、营运单位构成的核电厂核事故应急三级管

理体系。核安全文化建设不断深入，专业人才队伍配置渐趋齐全，

质量保证体系不断完善。核安全监管部门审评和监督能力逐步提

高，运行核电厂及周边环境辐射监测网络基本建立。在汶川地震

等重特大灾害应急抢险中，我国政府决策果断、行动高效，有效

化解了次生自然灾害带来的核安全风险，核安全保障体系发挥了

重大作用。

2. 放射性污染防治稳步推进。

近年来，国家不断加大放射性污染防治力度，早期核设施退

役和历史遗留放射性废物治理稳步推进。

成就包括：

--- 多个微堆及放化实验室的退役已经完成。

-- 一批中、低放废物处理设施已建成。

--2 座中、低放废物处置场已投入运行，1 座中、低放废物处

置场开始建设。

--完成一批铀矿地质勘探、矿冶设施的退役及环境整治项目，

尾矿库垮坝事故风险降低，污染得到控制，环境质量得到改善。

-- 废旧放射源得到及时回收，一批老旧辐照装置完成退役。

国家废放射源集中贮存库及各省（区、市）放射性废物暂存库基

本建成。

总的来说，从业人员平均辐照剂量远低于国家限值。

（二）核安全与放射性污染防治面临挑战。

1. 安全形势不容乐观。

我国核电多种堆型、多种技术、多类标准并存的局面给安全

管理带来一定难度，运行和在建核电厂预防和缓解严重事故的能

力仍需进一步提高。铀矿冶开发过程中环境问题依然存在。放射

源和射线装置量大面广，安全管理任务重。

2. 科技研发需要加强。

核安全科学技术研发缺乏总体规划。现有资源分散、人才匮乏、

研发能力不足。法规标准的制（修）订缺少科技支撑，基础科学

和应用技术研究与国际先进水平总体差距仍然较大，制约了我国

核安全水平的进一步提高。

3. 应急体系需要完善。

核事故应急管理体系需要进一步完善，核电集团公司在核事

故应急工作中的职责需要进一步细化。核电集团公司内部及各核

电集团公司之间缺乏有效的应急支援机制，应急资源储备和调配

能力不足。地方政府应急指挥、响应、监测和技术支持能力仍需

提升。核事故应急预案可实施性仍需提高。

4. 监管能力需要提升。

核安全监管能力与核能发展的规模和速度不相适应。核安全

监管缺乏独立的分析评价、校核计算和实验验证手段，现场监督

执法装备不足。全国辐射环境监测体系尚不完善，监测能力需大

力提升。

核安全公众宣传和教育力量薄弱，核安全国际合作、信息公

开工作有待加强，公众参与机制需要完善。核安全监管人才缺乏，

能力建设投入不足。

二 . 指导思想、原则和目标（一）指导思想。

以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落

实科学发展观，坚持“安全第一、质量第一”的根本方针，以法

规标准为准绳，以科技进步为先导，以基础能力为支撑，进一步

明确责任、优化机制、严格管理、持续改进、消除隐患，不断提

高我国核安全与放射性污染防治水平，确保核安全、环境安全和

公众健康，推动核能与核技术利用事业安全、健康、可持续发展。

（二）基本原则。

预防为主，纵深防御。

新老并重，防治结合。

依靠科技，持续改进。

坚持法治，严格监管。

69 新政策

2. 综合考虑全厂断电工况下满足反应堆堆芯冷却、乏燃料水

池冷却、防止反应堆冷却剂泵发生轴封小破口失水事故和保持必

要的事故后监测能力的要求，采取设置移动电源、移动泵和增设

相匹配的接口等措施。

3. 确保核电厂地震监测记录系统的有效性，提高核电厂抗震

响应能力。

2013 年底前：

-- 结合各核电厂可能遭遇水淹情况的评估结果，落实各核电

厂防水淹措施；完成秦山核电厂防洪改造工程。

-- 完成沿海核电厂地震、海啸影响的复核、评估及必要的改

造。

-- 制定并实施严重事故管理导则。

-- 对在严重事故下用于缓解事故的设备和系统的可用性以及

可能发生的氢气爆炸进行评估，并根据评估结果实施相应改进。

-- 开展抗外部事件安全裕量分析评估。

-- 研究制订核电基地多机组同时进入应急状态后的响应方

案。

2015 年底前：

-- 开展外部事件概率安全分析。

提升在建核电站的安全水平

首次装料前：

-- 结合各核电厂可能遭遇水淹情况的评估，逐项排查并完成

管沟、廊道、门窗和贯穿等的防水封堵。

-- 综合考虑全厂断电工况下满足反应堆堆芯冷却、乏燃料水

池冷却、防止反应堆冷却剂泵发生轴封小破口失水事故和保持必

要的事故后监测能力的要求，采取设置移动电源、移动泵和增设

相匹配的接口等措施。

-- 增强乏燃料水池的补水和监测能力。

-- 制定并实施严重事故管理导则。考虑各类事故工况和多堆

厂址共因失效工况，分析评估严重事故下重要设备、监测仪表的

可用性和可达性。

-- 完善严重事故下安全壳或其他厂房内消氢系统的分析评

估，并实施必要的改进。

-- 分析评价双机组布置的核电机组缓解严重事故后果的能力

和可靠性。

-- 进一步加强对环境监测布点的合理性和代表性的分析评

估，完善严重事故下应急监测方案，确保在各种事故工况下有可

用的应急监测手段。

-- 完善应急控制中心功能及可居留性的分析评估，并实施必

要的改进。

-- 开展抗外部事件安全裕量分析评估。

-- 加强与气象、海洋部门之间的实时联系，以及与地震部门

间的信息交流，进一步完善防灾预案和相关管理程序，提高外部

灾害发生时的预警和应对能力。

-- 研究核电基地多机组同时进入应急状态后电厂的应急响应

方案，并评估应急指挥能力及应急抢险人员和物资的配备、协调

方案。

2015 年底前：

公开透明，协调发展。

（三）规划目标。

总体目标：

进一步提高核设施与核技术利用装置安全水平，明显降低辐

射环境安全风险，基本形成事故防御、污染治理、科技创新、应

急响应和安全监管能力，保障核安全、环境安全和公众健康，辐

射环境质量保持良好。

具体目标：

在核设施安全水平提高方面，运行核电机组安全性能指标保

持在良好状态，避免发生 2 级事件，确保不发生 3 级及以上事件

和事故；新建核电机组具备较完善的严重事故预防和缓解措施，

每堆年发生严重堆芯损坏事件的概率低于十万分之一，每堆年发

生大量放射性物质释放事件的概率低于百万分之一；消除研究堆、

核燃料循环设施重大安全隐患，确保运行安全。

放射性同位素和射线装置 100％落实许可证管理；放射源辐

射事故年发生率低于每万枚 2.0 起；有效控制重特大辐射事故的

发生。

在辐射环境安全风险降低方面，基本消除历史遗留中、低放

废物的安全风险；基本完成铀矿冶环境综合治理。

在事故防御方面，完成运行和在建核电厂、研究堆、核燃料

循环设施的安全改造，提高核设施抵御外部事件、预防和缓解严

重事故的能力。

在污染治理方面，建设与核工业发展水平相适应的、先进高

效的放射性污染治理和废物处理体系，基本建成与核工业发展配

套的中、低放废物处置场。

在科技创新方面，完善核安全与放射性污染防治科技创新平

台，培养一批领军人才，突破一批关键技术。

在应急响应方面，强化各级政府和有关单位的应急指挥、应

急响应、应急监测、应急技术支持能力建设，形成统一调度的核

事故应急工程抢险力量，充实应急物资及装备配置。

在安全监管方面，基本建成国家核与辐射安全监管技术研发

基地，构建监管技术支撑平台，初步具备相对独立、较为完整的

安全分析评价、校核计算和实验验证能力；建成全国辐射环境监

测网络，国家、省级辐射环境监测能力 100% 达到能力建设标准。

2020 年远景目标：

运行和在建核设施安全水平持续提高，“十三五”及以后新

建核电机组力争实现从设计上实际消除大量放射性物质释放的可

能性。

--全面开展放射性污染治理，早期核设施退役取得明显成效，

基本消除历史遗留放射性废物的安全风险，完成高放废物处理处

置顶层设计并建成地下实验室。

-- 全面建成国家核与辐射安全监管技术研发基地和全国辐射

环境监测体系。

-- 形成功能齐全、反应灵敏、运转高效的核与辐射事故应急

响应体系。

三、重点任务提升运行核电厂安全水平

近期：

1. 逐项排查并完成有关门窗、通风口、电缆贯穿和工艺管道

贯穿等的防水封堵。

70新政策

-- 从设计、验证和故障分析等方面分析评估安全级数字化控

制系统的可靠性，查找薄弱环节并实施相应的改进。

-- 进一步开展二级概率安全分析、外部事件概率安全分析工

作。

-- 进一步改进放射性废物处理系统；开展严重事故下废物处

理系统的有效性研究。

强化质量保证，提高设备可靠性。

完善核安全设备相关法规要求和管理体系，进一步明确营运

单位、工程总承包单位和核安全设备许可证持证单位的安全责任。

强化核安全设备设计、制造、安装和无损检验单位资质管理，

提高准入门槛，建立健全持证单位质量评价体系。

推动科技进步，促进安全持续升级。

鼓励企业开展核安全技术创新，加强新技术和新工艺开发和

使用，不断提高设施安全水平。支持核安全技术科研单位基础能

力建设，充分整合、利用现有科研资源和重大专项渠道，在此基

础上建立一批核安全相关技术研发平台。

有针对性地开展核安全技术研发，集中力量突破制约发展的

核安全关键技术，提升我国核安全整体水平。积极推进大型压水堆、

高温气冷堆和乏燃料后处理重大专项安全技术科学研究和成果应

用。

提高核燃料循环设施安全水平

2012 年底前：

-- 按照现行标准对核燃料循环设施老旧厂房进行抗震校核，

并根据校核结果进行加固或限期退役。

-- 根据核燃料循环设施厂址特点，建立外部应急支援接口，

完善应急预案，提高抵御极端自然灾害的能力。

2015 年底前：

-- 开展核燃料循环设施的应急和“三废”等配套建设，确保

其与主工艺建设同步。

-- 制定贫化六氟化铀的处理规划，加强贫化六氟化铀贮存的

安全管理，必要时进行稳定化处理。

完善应急体系，有效应对突发事件。

根据常备不懈、积极兼容、平战结合原则，完善应急管理体系，

建立综合协调、功能齐全、反应灵敏、运转高效的应急准备和响

应体系。加强严重事故应急准备和响应的研究。

充实核事故监测、预警、信息、后果评价、决策和指挥能力。

加强核应急救援体系建设，建立统一指挥、统一调度的核事故应

急响应专业队伍，进一步提高核事故应急响应能力。

合理规范核电厂核事故应急计划区范围。

针对长时间失去电源以及同一厂址多机组发生事故的工况，

重新评估各类核设施场内应急能力，完善应急计划，调整和充实

核设施营运单位就地应急响应能力，加强场内外应急计划的协调。

四、重点工程为实现规划目标，推动核能与核技术利用的技术升级和进步，

进一步消除安全隐患，提高核安全水平，计划实施安全改进、污

染治理、科技创新、应急保障和监管能力建设等重点工程。为提

高重点工程实施效果，环境保护部会同有关部门建立重点项目库，

实行动态管理，由各相关部门按职能分工指导各地区分别在年度

计划中予以落实。“ 十二五 ” 期间重点项目投资需求约 798 亿元。

（一）核安全改进工程

-- 运行核电厂安全改造项目，主要内容包括持续改进核电厂

抵御外部自然灾害、缓解严重事故的能力，进一步提高安全水平。

-- 在建核电厂安全改造项目，主要内容包括核设施防水淹、

抗震、消氢等措施及全厂断电工况下的应急措施的安全改进，事

故后堆芯状态监测系统优化、升级。乏燃料水池供水能力改造，

应急指挥中心等构筑物安全技术改造，严重事故应对技术改造。

-- 研究堆和核燃料循环设施安全改进项目，主要内容包括为

大、中型研究堆增设事故后堆芯监测装置。

-- 研究堆和核燃料循环设施实物保护系统改造建设项目，主

要内容包括改造研究堆和核燃料循环设施的厂区围栏、出入口控

制系统、防入侵探测系统、保安通信及监控管理系统等实物保护

系统。

-- 辐射防护改造工程项目，主要内容包括根据辐射防护最优

化原则，实施铀矿冶设施、早期研究堆和核燃料循环设施辐射防

护最优化改造工程 , 开展核技术利用装置辐射防护升级改造。

-- 核技术利用安全改造项目，主要内容包括针对核技术利用

装置存在的安全隐患，实施安全改造。加强金属熔炼企业辐射监

测能力建设。

-- 经验反馈体系建设项目，主要内容包括开展核设施、核技

术利用装置的建造、运行经验反馈体系建设。

（二）放射性污染治理工程。

-- 核设施退役及放射性污染和废物治理项目，主要内容包括

历史遗留的核设施退役及放射性污染和废物治理，及其他核设施

退役及放射性废物治理等。

-- 区域废物处置场建设项目，主要内容包括建设 2-3 个区域

中低放固体废物处置场。

-- 铀矿地质勘探与矿冶设施、伴生矿退役及污染治理项目，

主要内容包括开展铀矿地质勘探与矿冶设施、伴生矿退役、放射

性废物治理及放射性污染环境整治等。

-- 铀矿冶、伴生矿尾矿（渣）坝监测预警系统示范项目。

-- 辐照装置退役及废放射源回收项目，主要内容包括开展辐

照装置退役及污染治理，收贮闲置、废旧放射源等。

（三）科技研发创新工程。

1. 核安全技术研发能力建设项目，主要内容包括建设核电厂

安全设计与分析技术研发中心、核电厂超设计基准事故研发中心、

核电厂安全级设备鉴定检验中心、核电厂运行安全与维护技术研

发中心、核电厂设备安全与可靠性研发中心、先进燃料元件和核

级设备材料研发中心、核设施退役及放射性废物治理工程研发中

心。

2. 核安全技术研究项目，主要内容包括开展一批为管理决策

服务的基础科学和工程技术研究：

-- 反应堆安全技术研究

-- 核电厂厂址安全技术研究

-- 核安全设备质量可靠性技术研究

-- 核燃料循环设施安全技术研究

-- 核技术利用安全技术研究

-- 放射性物品运输和实物保护技术研究

-- 核应急与反恐技术研究

71 新政策

-- 辐射环境影响评价及辐射照射控制技术研究

-- 放射性废物治理和核设施退役安全技术研究

-- 核与辐射安全管理技术和法规标准基础技术研究

（四）事故应急保障工程

-- 核与辐射环境应急监测能力建设项目，主要内容包括开展

国家级、省级、地市级以及覆盖我国管辖海域及周边海域的核与

辐射事故应急监测系统和能力建设；建立航空应急监测能力。

-- 核与辐射事故应急及事故后果评价能力建设项目，建设

核与辐射事故应急技术支持平台，建设涵盖核电厂、研究堆、

核燃料循环设施、放射源、铀矿冶等应急目标的应急数据平台

及核与辐射事故预测、后果评价和决策支持系统。建设核设施

现场监测数据采集与传输系统，建设应急决策、指挥调度系统。

建立或完善 6 个区域性和 31 个省级核与辐射安全监控和应急指

挥中心。建设反应堆事故工况及堆芯损伤状况的实时评价专家

系统。

-- 完成重点核基地的应急能力建设项目，主要内容包括建设

秦山、大亚湾、连云港等重点区域核应急基地。

-- 核应急物资储备和抢险能力建设项目，主要内容包括开展

国家、区域、省级的应急物资储备和抢险能力建设；开展核电基地、

核设施营运单位的应急物资储备和抢险能力建设。

-- 进出境口岸应对核与辐射事故应急放射性检测能力建设项

目，主要内容包括增加口岸放射性检测设备，实验室放射性检测

仪器及个人防护用品等。

-- 事故应急医学保障项目，主要内容包括开展应急救治能力

建设，形成覆盖全国的核应急救治网络。

-- 世界气象组织和国际原子能机构北京区域环境紧急响应应

急能力建设项目，主要内容包括建设一体化的多尺度精细化核应

急业务数值模式系统，开展放射性污染物扩散预报以及核事故长

期影响评估。

（五）监管能力建设工程。

-- 国家核与辐射安全监管技术研发基地建设工程。主要内容

包括核电厂安全验证能力建设；核安全设备安全性能验证能力建

设；核电厂运行安全仿真分析能力建设；放射性废物安全管理及

核设施退役安全验证能力建设；辐射环境监测技术能力建设；辐

射防护研究能力建设；核与辐射安全监控和应急响应能力建设；

核与辐射安全中心综合楼建设；中国核与辐射安全国际联合研究

平台建设。

--全国辐射环境监测体系能力建设工程。主要内容包括国家、

省和地市级三级辐射环境监测体系能力建设；全国辐射环境质量

监测国控网点建设；国家重点监管的核与辐射设施监督性监测系

统建设；全国辐射环境监测信息汇总及发布系统建设。

-- 核与辐射安全监督站能力建设工程。主要内容包括 6 个地

区核与辐射安全监督站基本能力建设，配套必要的业务用房、执

法仪器及装备。

五、保障措施（一）健全法规标准，夯实安全基础。

抓紧研究制订原子能法和核安全法，加快制修订核安全行政

法规、部门规章和标准，力争到“十二五”末建成比较完整的核

与辐射安全法规标准体系。完善核安全监管部门对相关工业标准

的认可制度，强化相关工业标准与核安全法规导则的衔接。加强

核安全管理和政策研究，适时发布核安全政策。

（二）优化管理机制，提升管控效率。

进一步增强核安全监管部门的独立性、权威性、有效性。明

确和强化核行业主管部门、核电行业主管部门的核安全管理责任。

完善应急机制，把应急管理与日常监管紧密结合，充分发挥

各涉核部门的职能作用和核企业集团公司的专业技术优势，细化

涉核企事业单位的主体责任。

行业主管部门将核安全要求作为制定相关产业和行业发展

决策的重要依据，确保发展与安全的协调统一。完善核安全监

管部门与行业主管部门在制定行业发展战略、规划，项目前期

审批和安全监管中的协调机制。建立行业主管部门、核安全监

管部门与气象、海洋、地震等部门的自然灾害预警和应急联动

机制。

（三）完善政策制度，弥补薄弱环节。

完善核安全许可证制度，进一步明确核电集团公司、业主

公司、专业化公司的核安全责任。完善核燃料循环、核设施退

役和放射性废物处理处置的管理制度和政策，制定核设施退役

费用和放射性废物处理处置费用的提取和管理办法。建立健全

相关准入和执业资格制度，建立民用核设施“三废”处置经费

筹措和使用制度，制定民用核设施退役管理办法。研究并制定

废旧放射源和核技术利用废物处理处置相关管理办法。推动核

电集团研究建立核赔偿基金，核设施营运单位购买第三方核责

任险。研究建立高危放射源退役保证金制度。落实规划环评制度，

依法开展规划环评工作。建立政府、行业组织和企业等各个层

面间的经验交流和反馈制度。建立并完善良好核安全实践的激

励制度。

（四）加快人才培养，促进均衡流动。

制定满足核能与核技术利用需要的人力资源保障规划，加大

人才培养力度。搭建由政府、高校、社会培训机构及用人单位共

同参与的人才教育和培训体系，加强培训基础条件建设，实现人

才培养集约化、规模化。在核安全相关专业领域开展工程教育专

业认证工作，加强高校核安全相关专业建设，进一步密切高校与

行业、企业的联系，加快急需专业人才培养。完善注册核安全工

程师制度，加强核安全关键岗位人员继续教育和培训工作。完善

核安全监督和审评人员资格管理制度和培训体系。完善人才激励

和考核评价体系，提高核安全从业人员的薪酬待遇，吸引优秀人

才进入核安全监管部门和核行业安全关键岗位，促进人才均衡流

动，保证核安全监督、评价和科研的智力资源。

（五）加大经费投入，落实资金保障。

充分发挥政府导向作用，建立有效的经费保障机制，加大对

核安全与放射性污染防治的财政投入，推动规划项目落实。落实

好相关税收优惠政策，建立多元化投入机制，积极拓展融资渠道。

完善核安全管理的资金管控模式，对涉及核应急、核保险与核赔偿、

民用核设施放射性污染防治、公益性核安全基础设施建设等需要

政府和企业共同承担的费用，明确规定资金来源、出资方式、审

批流程、资金用途，严格审查资金流向，确保资金筹集和使用到位。

六 . 规划实施与评估加强协调联动。

国务院各有关部门要加强沟通协调，按照职责分工，明确责

任主体，完善行业主管部门、核安全监管部门之间的合作协调机制，

共同推进规划实施。

严格督促检查。

国务院有关部门要定期对规划实施情况组织督查，及时研究

解决规划实施中出现的问题，总结推广好的经验做法；对规划实

施效果进行跟踪评价，重大情况及时向国务院报告。

72 会议会展

北京天津陕西

上海

义乌

广东深圳

1. 2012 第十五届深圳国际连接器接插件与线缆工业展览会

时间：2012/12/25-2012/12/27地址：深圳会展中心联系人：严岩联系方式：021-64841807 网址：http://www.kuozhanexpo.cn/home.asp

2. 2012 第五届 SSC 中外安防产品采购洽谈会

时间：2012/12/2-2012/12/2 地址：北京临空皇冠假日酒店联系人：许金龙联系方式：010-63326302 网址：http://www.sscchina.com.cn/2011cn/index.asp

3. 2012 中国北京国际社会公共安全产品博览会

时间：2012/12/3-2012/12/6地址：中国国际展览中心（新馆）联系人：刘芸联系方式：010-68730588网址：http://www.securitychina.com.cn/index.shtml

4. 2012 第十九届广州清洁设备用品展览会

时间：2012/12/8-2012/12/10地址：中国进出口商品交易会展馆（广交会展馆）联系人：朱灼彬联系方式：020-23376029网址：http://www.fxhotshow.com/

5. CLSE2012 第五届中国（广州）劳保及安全防护用品交易会

时间：2012/12/13-2012/12/15 地址：广州琶洲保利世贸博览馆联系人：Key Miss联系方式：020-28033663 网址：http://www.laobaoexpo.com/

会议展会

6. 2012 中国国际环保设备及节能产品展览会

时间：2012/12/17-2012/12/19地址：义乌国际博览中心联系人：任正权联系方式：0579-85236221网址：http://www.cepefair.com/

7. 2012 年能源峰会及第四届中国能源企业高层论坛

时间：2012/12/7-2012/12/8地址：北京凯宾斯基饭店联系人：苏慧联系方式：010-67185498网址：http://www.inengyuan.com/a/huiyi222/

8. 2012 年中国国际煤化工展览会

时间：2012/12/6-2012/12/8地址：北京展览馆联系人：赵卿联系方式：010-64283093网址：http://www.ciccec.com/index.asp

73 科技文章

科技文章Technical Article

L-3 MAPPS: 紧凑型输入 / 输出（I/O）系统解决方案

74 科技文章

L-3 MAPPS 最近的全范围仿真机一直使用紧凑型输入 / 输出系统解决方案和仿真机输入 / 输出系统的替代方案。这篇文章以Orchid® IO 为例，阐述了这项技术的广泛应用。

输入 / 输出系统是所有核电站仿真机的重要组成部分。这项系统负责将操作员的操作传给仿真系统，然后提供操作员操作设备所需的视觉线索（显示和警报）。它实际上是操作电站模型的模拟服务器和仿真机主控室面板之间的数据链路。

近几年，L-3 MAPPS 为不同的项目工程配置了几种输入 / 输出系统。几年前，当 L-3 MAPPS 从它原来的输入 / 输出设备供应商那里得知觅到传统的数据通路 SC I/O 系统所需的几种电子元件很难之后，它决定为客户重新评估并选择一种全新的，性价比高的输入 / 输出系统解决方案。因此，L-3 MAPPS 针对来自美国，加拿大，中国，德国，西班牙等全球不同的供应商提供的 23 种输入 / 输出系统解决方案进行了全面的技术评估。评估标准包括高可靠性，非专属性，高可利用性（全球），较大的用户基础，可扩展性，灵活性（集中和分散结构）和成本等。

虽然 L-3 MAPPS 找到了几种非常适合用户需求的几种输入 /输出系统，我们在这里只讨论被广泛使用的解决方案中的一种。

紧凑型输入 / 输出解决方案

L-3 MAPPS 采取的方案是全程仿真机和仿真机 I/O 替换项目都采用紧凑型 I/O 系统。选定的紧凑型 I/O 解决方案其实是市场上最小的模块化的，现场总线独立的，低能耗的分散型 I/O 系统。这项创新技术是由两家制造商共同提出的，被用于工业自动化，楼宇自动化，船舶自动化以及在岸 / 离岸公司应用：德国 WAGO 和德国 Beckhoff 公司。每个制造商在世界范围内都有许多经销商。L-3 MAPPS采用了两家的技术，用于不同的项目上。I/O模块体积极小：12mm (W) X 65mm (H) X 100mm (L)。

所有的 I/O 模块安装在标准 35mm DIN 导轨上，而不需要专用的底架或底板。一组模块中的第一个 I/O 模块（I/O 节点）通常是以太网控制器，它读取 / 写入到 / 从本地总线（连接相邻的 I/O 模块）

紧凑型输入 / 输出（I/O）系统解决方案

并与模拟服务器连接。以太网控制器比标准模块宽约 3 倍，使用中继器模块的话（64 个模块以内无需中继模块），最多可支持 255 个 I/O 模块。如果超过 64个模块，可以在特定节点上添加所需的总线扩展器。以太网控制器也还具有运行用户可编程的控制逻辑的能力，该逻辑可以被用来驱动需要更快的更新率的特殊设备（例如同步示波器）。各种各样的 I/O 模块可用于专门的应用程序，以补充高密度标准颜色编码的模块，如模拟输入（最多 8个通道），模拟输出（最多 8 个通道），数字输入（最多 16 个通道）和数字输出（最多 16 个通道）。为了便于维护，I/O 模块具有内置式接线端子，模块可以方便地进行更换。所有的 I/O 模块使用被动式通风，从而比传统的 I/O 系统制造更少的机箱噪音。

Orchid® I/O

Orchid I/O 解决方案离不开强大的 Orchid I/O 软件。该软件可以在模拟服务器或专用的 I/O 电脑上运行。Orchid I/O 处理工程，电气单位换算，并与模拟和各种 I/O 节点连接。Orchid I/O 包含配置，维护和故障诊断整个 I/O 系统等必要的功能。它允许硬件工程师和技术人员监控所有的 I/O 节点的安全状况，并强制和监视单个 I/O 节点。该软件还包含详细的故障排除历史记录。Orchid I/O能够从不同类型的 I/O 系统中无缝集成 I/O 节点。Orchid I/O 还提供详细的现成文件。

左边是 I/O 节点

紧凑型输入输出系统

第三方输入输出系统

数据通路 SC

Orchid® IO 能同时操作不同的 I/O 设备。

75 科技文章

全范围仿真机

L-3 MAPPS 使用 Orchid 输入 / 输出技术，为阿根廷国有电力企业阿根廷核电公司拥有的恩巴尔赛核电站（位于阿根廷科尔多瓦省）研发了一台全范围仿真机。这台全范围仿真机目前在蒙特利尔的一家工厂接受工厂验收试验。L-3MAPPS 使用同样的技术，也为南非国家电力公司 Eskom 的科布尔核电站（位于南非开普敦西部）制造了一台仿真机。

I/O 系统替代方案

目前，L-3 MAPPS 与太平洋煤气和电力公司合作一个项目，以Orchid IO取代代阿布洛峡谷核电站（美国加利福尼亚州）传统的 I/O 系统。这个项目的独特之处是 L-3 MAPPS 设计了一个自定义的 I/O 底架并带有连接器适配器，使传统的 I/O 连接器接口新的紧凑型 I/O 模块。紧凑型 I/O 模块既可以安装在底盘上，也可以安装在现有的机架或面板控制室的墙壁等任何方便的地方。该解决方案的主要优点是，仪表盘架的现有导线不受干扰。

Orchid IO 也被新不伦瑞克电力公司选中为莱普罗角核电站（加拿大新不伦瑞克省）的仿真机提供一个先进的（面板与面板）I/O 替代方案。新不伦瑞克电力公司选择在我们的支持下升级自己。该项目目前正在进行中。

电厂分布式控制系统软件验证

紧凑型 I/O 解决方案另一个潜在应用是分布式控制系统（DCS）软件验证。L-3 MAPPS 提供给美国阿莫林密苏里分公司卡拉威核电厂（美国密苏里州）一台工程仿真机，在电厂进行实际安装之前，它的作用是辅助给水控制系统刺激西门子SPPA-T3000 综合控制系统（ICS）。

工程仿真机使用 Orchid IO 在 ICS 和运行工厂模型的模拟服务器之间传输数据。工程仿真机还包含一个软件开关来选择传统的模拟给水控制系统或者新的模拟综合控制系统。

把 Orchid IO 作为神经系统，紧凑型 I/O 解决方案现在已经在全范围仿真器上得到了验证。对于老化的仿真机来说，当

恩巴尔赛电厂全范围仿真机的紧凑型 I/O 系统

L-3 MAPPS8565 Côte-de-LiesseMontréal, QuébecCanada, H4T 1G5Tel: +1-514-787-4999Fax: +1-514-788-1442Email: [email protected]/MAPPS

对于 I/O 网络上任何计算机的 I/O 系统，Orchid® IO 软件都提供必要的配置，监控，排解故障功能。

传统的 I/O 系统已经过时，可利用的备用配件数量不足而难以确保仿真机持续安全运行时，I/O 系统的升级就是必须的。 L-3 MAPPS 的 Orchid IO 系统就传统的 I/O 系统老化问题提供了一个可信的方案。由 L-3 MAPPS 提供的解决方案是有效益的，可靠的，易于使用的，灵活的，可扩展的，并充分利用现代化的，广泛使用的 I/O 设备，前景无限。

新闻 76

重点新闻

企业新闻

国际合作

核电站新闻

新闻 NEWS

新闻77

重点新闻我核电工业一关键技术打破国外垄断

将近半米厚的大规格金属板材卷弯成所需要的筒形、弧形或者锥形制件，这是核工业、造船、航空航天以及军工企业等众多领域所必需的一项关键基础核技术。近日，具有完全自主知识产权的此项技术在山东研发成功。鉴定专家认为，该核技术超过国内外现有设备，属于国际领先水平。

这一名为 “WS11K-350/450x3500 大型数控水平下调式三辊卷板机 ”的设备，实现了加工板材的规格全球最大、设备精度世界最高。据项目研发者、泰安华鲁锻压机床有限公司负责人介绍，该技术的亮点之一便是液压系统和动力系统，“ 各项技术指标及性能均达到或超过国家标准，液压和动力系统技术甚至优于国外同类产品 ”。该技术还拥有独特的专用数控系统，可实现远程电脑监视和控制设备，以及在线故障分析处理。据介绍，该技术最大可以加工 35 厘米的冷板、45 厘米的热板，为全球最大，价格却仅约为进口产品的四分之一。

来源：http://news.bjx.com.cn/

Vogtle 核电站由 Charles C. Watson Jr. 先生提供

CAP1400 核电首个大型锻件通过性能测试

11 月 6 日，由上海电气集团所属上海重型机器厂有限公司承制的大型先进压水堆重大专项 CAP1400 核电蒸汽发生器筒体 B 锻件完成了所有要求的性能测试，测试结果显示，各项性能指标均满足 CAP1400 蒸汽发生器的设计要求，部分指标达到了国际领先水平。

该锻件是重大专项 CAP1400 项目首个通过性能测试的大型锻件，为蒸汽发生器的后续制造奠定了良好的基础。

来源：http://www.china-nea.cn/

我国核电企首次为发达国家建核电站提供技术服务

国家核电技术公司与美国绍尔集团公司 26 日签署《美国 VOGTLE 项目技术支持服务合同》。根据合同，国家核电所属国核工程有限公司将在年内派出首批工程技术人员，赴美参加 VOGTLE 核电项目建设。这是中国核电企业首次为世界发达国家建设第三代核电站提供技术支持服务。

三代核电是当前世界新一轮核电发展的主流，安全性和经济前景较好，具有建设周期短、运行寿命长等特点。AP1000 技术是目前公认的最具安全性的三代核电技术。但 AP1000 核电技术设备要求高、制造难度大，从图纸变成实践也没有先例可循。

中国在引进 AP1000 技术后，建设世界首批 4 台 AP1000 机组。通过消化吸收、攻坚克难，先后掌握了核岛安全壳、模块、主管道、大型锻件制造、核岛筏基混凝土一次性整体浇注等关键技术，并联合中外有关方面，顺利完成了 AP1000 全部关键设备的研制。目前，4 台机组建设总体进展顺利。

今年 2 月 9 日，美国核管理委员会批准美国南方电力公司的 VOGTLE核电站 3 号和 4 号两台 AP1000 机组的建造和运行联合许可证。这是美国时隔 34 年后重新启动核电建造，美国绍尔集团获得这两台机组的总承包合同，并负责项目管理。

新闻 78

国家核电技术公司董事长王炳华说，此次与美国绍尔集团公司签署《美国 VOGTLE 项目技术支持服务合同》，国家核电技术公司将派出首批 6名技术人员参与到绍尔承担的美国首个 AP1000 项目 ─VOGTLE 电站的建设中，将中国 AP1000 项目建设的经验应用到美国项目上。同时，也将此次积累的经验传承到双方未来更多的合作领域中，有力推动第三代非能动安全核电技术在全球的应用和推广。

来源：http://np.chinapower.com.cn/

方大炭素进入核级炭素制品生产领域

近日，方大炭素研发建设历时四年的重大科技项目 ―― 高温气冷堆炭堆内构件制造项目通过专家审核小组审核，并正式开工生产。这意味着方大炭素正式进入了核级炭素制品的生产领域，填补了我国高温气冷堆炭堆内构件生产制造技术和产品的空白。

方大炭素一位高管人员表示，公司核级炭素材料自主研发实现了核电关键材料的国产化。同时，因为价格仅为进口产品的三分之一，更具备市场优势。

高温气冷堆具有安全性好、发电效率高、小容量模块化建造等特点，其冷却剂出口温度可达 950 ～ 1000℃ ，不仅可以直接发电，提高发电效率，而且可以作为高温热源，提供高温工艺热，用于制氢、煤的气化、液化、直接炼钢等，从而打破了核能只能用于发电和低品质热能的限制，扩大了核能应用领域。同时高温气冷堆的固有安全性，选址更加灵活。高温气冷堆正好适应了全球正在兴起的电力系统发展趋势对电厂的要求。在美、韩等国相继推动的第四代核能系统发展规划中，高温气冷堆是优先发展的技术，也是最有希望成为适应未来能源市场安全和经济需要的首选堆型之一。

2008 年方大炭素与华能山东石岛湾核电有限公司和中核能源科技有限公司三方签订了《高温气冷堆核电站示范工程碳堆内构件制造技术研究合同》，公司作为该项目的唯一中标企业接受委托进行高温气冷堆核电站示范工程碳堆内构件关键技术的研究。

2011 年，方大碳素高温气冷堆炭堆内构件生产技术及依据 HAF003 建立的核质保体系获国家核安全局《民用核安全机械设备制造许可证》，通过了《高温气冷堆炭堆内构件制造项目》生产工艺评定，标志着该公司具备了批量生产核级炭材料的资质。

此次，6 人专家审核小组对该项目做了开工投料前的最后核查。核查组仔细审阅了炭堆内构件项目所涉及的体系文件，参观检查了原料仓储现场、炭堆内构件成型设备及加工线、成品库房、设备部物资库等关键部位。

经专家组严格审核和现场检查，一致认为公司炭堆内构件项目所涉及的人员培训、设备安装、工艺文件、质保体系等运行有效，现场设备及仓储环境等标识明确，达到炭堆内构件投产条件，同意公司炭堆内构件制造正式投料生产。

作为国内目前唯一一家具有生产核级炭素制品的炭素企业，方大炭素炭堆内构件制造项目成功开工投料，标志着方大炭素具备了生产核级炭材料的能力，对我国核电发展具有重要意义。


复旦大学携带神奇“药膏”参展

于 11 月举行的 2012 中国国际工业博览会上，复旦大学材料科学系的杨振国教授团队展示了其自主研发的高分子复合粘合剂，该成果可以使核电装备关键器件克服在复杂工况环境下外包材料被腐蚀的情况，从而极大降低由于材料腐蚀所造成的有害物质泄漏风险，提高核电站的综合安全系数。

复旦专家介绍，一些在国外经过测试寿命长达 40 年的传热管，到了中国可能 “水土不服 ”。杨振国带领科研团队经过反复的材质检测和试验后，研发出一种高分子复合粘合剂，可给传热管容易 “ 受伤 ” 的 “ 皮肤 ” 涂上一层保护 “ 药膏 ”。它的专业名称叫做 “ 多组分多官能团嵌段聚合拼混树脂 ”，是应用于重防腐设备和管道表面涂覆工程的理想材料。


内蒙古现国内最大世界级铀矿核电获强力保障

据新华社电记者昨日从国土资源部获悉，由中央地质勘查基金投资实施的内蒙古中部大营地区铀矿勘查取得重大突破，发现国内最大规模的可地浸砂岩型铀矿床。连同此前的勘查成果，该地区累计控制铀资源量跻身于世界级大矿行列。这对我国立足国内提高铀资源供应，提高核电发展资源保障能力有重大意义。

内蒙古中部大营地区铀矿勘查实现找矿重大突破，主要得益于中央地质勘查基金 “ 煤铀兼探 ” 的勘查思路创新，即根据区域矿产分布规律，进行勘查技术优化组合，在开展煤炭勘查的同时，利用煤炭钻孔同步进行放射性测井和编录，探索砂岩型铀矿存在的可能性。在发现并圈定一系列重大铀矿找矿靶区后，果断决策开展铀矿勘查会战。

据悉，中央地质勘查基金管理中心组织了分别隶属于中国核工业集团、中国煤炭地质总局、内蒙古国土资源厅和地勘局的 4 支勘查队伍、28 台钻机、500 余名勘查技术和施工人员，顶严寒、冒酷暑，精心组织、科学施工，苦战 300 天，一举实现大营铀矿勘查的快速重大突破。

“ 煤铀兼探 ” 找矿新思路实现了一矿变双矿的创举。中央地质勘查基金在该地区既勘查评价了一处资源量达 510 亿吨的超大型煤矿，又发现了一处超大型铀矿。不仅节省了大量铀矿前期找矿投资，同时也缩短了 4 至5年的铀矿勘查周期，预计开发利用后可取得显著的经济效益和社会效益。

来源：http://hn.ifeng.com/

我国核电行业或面临不小调整

五大发电集团之中唯一具有控股核电项目建设的中电投集团，正在挂牌出售旗下辽宁核电有限公司 ( 下称 “ 辽宁核电 ”)100% 的股权。这家成立于 2005 年公司曾经肩负着开发辽宁红沿河核电项目的使命，但在中广核集团接手红沿河项目之后，辽宁核电开始把更多精力转向该地区的其它厂址。在此次被挂牌出售之前，辽宁核电已经淡出业界视线很久。

中投顾问新能源行业研究员萧函认为，中电投 “ 抛弃 ” 自己的下属企业并不能说明其完全退出核电领域的决心，不过，此举却透漏出一个强烈的信号：我国核电行业或面临不小调整。

首先，沿海核电站的获批标志着我国核电重启的序幕正式拉开，诸多规划好的沿海核电站有望尽快投入建设，我国核电发展的道路不会停止。其中，中核和中广核两大核电巨头将受益匪浅，其凭借垄断优势将进一步扩大市场份额，诸多中小企业面临被淘汰出局的危险，核电行业结构将更加 “ 单一 ”。

其次，内陆核电站的暂时搁浅将加剧某些核电企业的营收困境。多数内陆核电企业在尚未获得路条的情况下就动工建设，前期投入巨大，资金、人才、技术的消耗比较严重。而这些企业如今将面临尚未取得丝毫盈利就被迫退出的局面，诸多设备厂商或能将销售重点转移到沿海核电站，而核电建设、营运企业恐难收回巨额投入。

最后，我国核电道路越来越不明晰。去核化是世界核电行业的主流方向，我国贸然重启核电已经是犯了大忌，而部分核电项目尽快上马的决定令人匪夷所思。若核电并非未来中国能源版图的重要组成部分，国家应当及时调整核电规划；而若核电在我国未来能源构成中占据重大比重，为何不趁早启动内陆核电呢？

中投顾问研究总监张砚霖指出，毋庸置疑，国内核电项目的发展对短期内能源安全具有重大意义，不过对未来能源电力的影响却令人堪忧。从过去一年电力行业的发展情况可以看出，核电缺失并未对我国电力安全造成多大影响，待太阳能、风能得到有效开发后，实现零核电并非 “白日做梦 ”。

来源：http://finance.ce.cn/

核电重启呈现短期利好

上周，国务院总理温家宝主持召开国务院常务会议，讨论通过《能源发展 “十二五 ”规划》，并再次讨论并通过《核电安全规划（2011-2020年）》和《核电中长期发展规划（2011-2020 年）》。

会议对当前和今后一个时期的核电建设作出了部署，“ 十二五 ” 时期只在沿海安排少数经过充分论证的核电项目厂址，不安排内陆核电项目；提高准入门槛，按照全球最高安全要求新建核电项目。新建核电机组必须

新闻79

符合三代安全标准。

业内人士表示，上述两个规划的通过，意味着目前核电项目重新审批已不存在政策障碍，标志着自福岛核电站事故暂停约一年半的核电建设全面重启。国海证券 (000750, 股吧 ) 表示，乐观预计 11 月将恢复核准新核电站的建设，首批机组规模有望达到 4400MW，根据目前在建机组情况，预计到 2015 年我国将建成 40596MW 核电机组，也就是在目前基础上再新建 28000MW 核电机组，2012-2013 年是其交货高峰年。

平安证券表示，从短期看，堆型 “ 真空 ” 状态将破冰，在 AP1000 首堆正式投运之前的过渡期间，预计有部分不存在堆型争议的项目会提前审批，如石岛湾高温气冷堆项目、田湾 VVER 项目、CPR1000 项目福清、阳江等尾堆等 7 个堆没有堆型争议或已难更改堆型，将作为核电重启先锋首先审批。


国产核电站用电缆及桥架防火保护装置研制成功

10 月 12 日，中国核电工程有限公司与烟台金润消防工程有限公司、北京山江科技发展有限公司联合科研项目 “ERFBS-100 型核电站电缆和电缆桥架防火保护装置 ” 研制成功，标志着一项涉及安全停堆的被动防火装置所有试验项目结束，该装置初步实现国产化。

电缆和电缆桥架防火保护装置（以下简称电缆包覆）是一种火灾期间保护电缆，防止 A/B 系列电缆共模失效的防火保护装置。自 2010 年 8 月签订联合科研合同，合作各方历经 2 年的艰苦研发，进行了大量试验，最终确定电缆包覆性能相当于国外同类产品。


实验快堆工程通过验收中国四代核电技术研发进入国际先进行列

中国实验快堆工程 31 日通过中国科技部组织的专家验收。实验快堆的建成标志着中国核能发展 “ 压水堆－快堆－聚变堆 ” 三步走发展战略中的第二步取得了重大突破，也标志着中国在四代核电技术研发方面进入国际先进行列，已成为世界上少数拥有快堆技术的几个国家之一。

据介绍，快堆具有铀资源利用率高、嬗变核废料和安全性高的特点，是世界上第四代先进核能系统的首选堆型，代表了第四代核能系统的发展方向。中国实验快堆热设计功率 65 兆瓦，电功率 20 兆瓦，是目前世界上为数不多的大功率、具备发电功能的实验快堆，其主要系统设置和参数选择与大型快堆电站相同。

中国实验快堆项目由中国原子能科学研究院具体承担。原子能院组织国内几百家产、学、研单位参与了研发，同时与俄罗斯等国家的有关研究机构开展了密切的国际合作，先后完成了预先研究、设计、建造、调试，试运行，于 2010 年 7 月 21 日实现首次核临界，2011 年 7 月 22 日完成40％功率并网发电 24 小时的预定目标。

中国原子能科学研究院院长万钢表示，通过中国实验快堆的研发和建设，取得了一大批自主创新成果和专利，实现了实验快堆的自主研究、自主建造、自主运行和自主管理，形成了完整的研发能力，培养了一批优秀的技术人才。作为一个先进的大型科技研发平台，中国实验快堆将为中国乃至世界的快堆技术进步以及核能可持续发展做出重要贡献。

在中国实验快堆平台基础上，科技部和中核集团等正在继续支持原子能院等单位进行示范快堆、MOX 燃料、后处理等关键技术研发，以期实现中国快堆的产业化和建立先进核燃料循环体系。同时，为了推进中国快堆商用化进程，打造快堆产业链，中国成立了以原子能院为龙头，50 多家产学研单位参与的快堆产业化技术创新战略联盟。

来源：http://news.ifeng.com/

保险资金投资核电首单出炉

随着全国核电安全综合大检查的结束和国家核安全规划的颁布，酝酿

近三年的保险资金投资核电第一单终于在 10 月出炉。

证券时报记者今日获悉，由太平资产管理有限公司发起设立的 “ 太平资产 - 中广核核电项目债权投资计划 ”，将投资 50 亿元用于中广核集团下属台山核电站和阳江核电站的建设。该计划为保险资金投资核电的第一单。

来源：http://realtime.xmuenergy.com/

中广核集团与清华大学建立联合实验室

11 月 6 日上午，“ 中广核 - 清华核材料及服役安全联合实验室 ” 成立仪式在清华大学深圳研究生院举行。中广核工程有限公司总经理束国刚与清华大学副校长姜胜耀代表双方共同为联合实验室揭牌。

作为中广核集团与清华大学在科技协同创新方面合作的重要内容之一，“ 核材料及服役安全联合实验室 ” 将致力于核材料及其安全服役领域的科技研发并推进成果转化。实验室将充分利用清华大学材料系在核材料设计、制备工艺和服役性能等方面的技术基础和人才优势，结合中广核工程有限公司在核电建设领域丰富的工程实践经验与能力，合作开展核电材料制备，关键零、构件设计与制造，核电安全性提升等核材料及服役性能研究，并通过核电装备协同创新平台推动研发成果转化与推广。

清华大学副校长姜胜耀在揭牌仪式上讲话表示，此次清华大学与中广核集团的合作，是技术创新、成果转化、产业化推广的协同，通过 “需求牵引 ”与 “ 技术推动 ” 的良性互动，不仅能够壮大清华技术研发力量，更加速了将技术创新转化为工程实际应用的过程，相信联合实验室的成立必定能够在基础研究和应用技术创新方面，为积极推进我国核电装备协同发展做出积极贡献。

中广核工程有限公司总经理束国刚在讲话中指出，“ 核材料及服役安全联合实验室 ” 是中广核工程有限公司首个与高校组建的联合实验室，是为进一步推动公司科技创新，充分借助高校的人才和技术优势资源，打造核电装备 “ 政产学研用 ” 协同创新平台迈出的关键一步。大力发展核电装备协同创新，积极开展创新型研究，正是国家倡导的 “ 协同创新 ” 的具体体现，是适应我国核电安全与稳步发展的需要，也是培养和不断提升中国核电企业核心竞争力的需要。

随后，国家自然科学基金委员会委员朱旺喜，深圳发改委、创新委领导分别致辞，对实验室提出了殷切的希望。中国工程物理研究院、中广核工程有限公司以及清华大学深圳研究院相关负责人出席揭牌仪式。

中广核工程有限公司是中国广东核电集团的主要成员企业，也是我国第一家专业化的核电工程建设和管理公司。在大亚湾核电站和岭澳核电站一、二期建设经验的基础上，已经发展成为目前全球同时在建核电机组容量最大的企业，并在核电建设领域形成了科技创新、市场经营、项目建设三大核心能力，能够为核电工程建设提供全方位的规范化、现代化和国际化服务。根据目前我国核电发展现状和核电装备自主化与技术升级的需要，中广核工程有限公司大力推行建立以企业为主体、产学研相结合的技术创新体系，该联合实验室的建立就是构建协同创新平台的关键措施，也是实现核电技术装备与核电产业的全面协调发展，有效推动我国核电技术进步的重要策略。


企业新闻

新闻 80

中核地研院与中矿成功签署资源开发合作意向书

11 月 3 日～ 6 日，第十四届中国国际矿业大会期间，核工业北京地质研究院参加了矿产资源勘查开发项目对接签约仪式。核地研院李子颖院长应邀出席了本次签约仪式，并与中矿资源勘探股份有限公司就非洲赞比亚的两个探矿权区，达成了海外风险勘查合作意向。

此举进一步推动了核地研院与国内外矿业企业开展实质性项目合作的进程，也再次表明了核地研院力求加快海外资源勘查步伐的决心。


国家核电与东方电气签订 CAP1400 示范电站汽轮机组设备研制采购合同

2012 年 11 月 7 日，国家核电技术公司（简称 “ 国家核电 ”）与东方电气集团有限公司（简称 “ 东方电气 ”）在北京签署国家重大科技专项大型先进压水堆核电站 CAP1400 示范工程 T/G 包设备研制采购合同。根据合同，东方电气将担负起完全具有自主知识产权 CAP1400 汽轮机组的研发、设计和制造。国家核电董事长王炳华、总经理顾军、副总经理曲大庄、总工程师王俊，东方电气董事长王计、总经理斯泽夫等领导出席了仪式。

据介绍，此次 T/G 包采购合同经过了历时两年多的招标、评标、试验验证、设计评审和多轮合同谈判，经过多轮评审和反复论证，东方电气提出的汽轮机、发电机、汽水分离器的研制方案，达到了重大专项提出的自主化和先进性的要求。若此目标实现，将使我国核电大型汽轮发电机组的研发设计制造达到世界先进水平。

核电大型汽轮机组是核电站常规岛的核心设备，包括汽轮机、发电机等主要设备。目前我国百万千瓦级汽轮机的供货，主要由国内装备制造企业与国外先进装备制造企业合作进行。由国外企业负责研发，我国企业参与设计，负责制造。

斯泽夫在签字仪式致辞中说，近年来东方电气核电产业在快速发展，核电设备的自主开发和制造能力显著增强，形成了相对完整的核电设备制造能力，为岭澳核电、宁德核电等提供百万千瓦级汽轮机组，并为台山核电生产 175 万千瓦级核电汽轮发电机组。东方电气对保质按期完成完全具有自主知识产权的 CAP1400 大型汽轮发电机组的研发设计制造充满信心。

顾军在致辞中指出，在国务院常务会议刚通过 “核电安全规划 ”和 “核电中长期规划 ”，以及 “ 十八大 ” 召开前夕，签署国家重大科技专项大型先进压水堆核电站 CAP1400 示范工程 T/G 包设备研制采购合同，具有十分重大的意义。希望各方肩负国家使命，切实履行合同，高质量地完成国家重大科技专项 CAP1400 相关主要设备的研发设计和制造，为我国在确保安全的基础上高效发展核电，为我国能源安全和经济社会发展多做贡献。

东方电气及国家核电职能部门和所属单位的负责人出席了仪式。

来源：http://www.china-nea.cn/html/

中广核拟与中核合资建核燃料公司

中国两大核电巨头 —— 中核集团与中广核集团正在谋划在核燃料生产领域进行合作，消息人士 11 月 8 日对本报记者透露。

虽然两大核电巨头之间存在着一定的竞争关系，但双方仍然在当下的核电市场中找到了可以合作的领域。上述消息人士称，中核集团与中广核集团对核燃料产业的合作形成了初步共识，但很多现实问题还在磋商之中。

他表示，目前已有的思路是通过建设一个核燃料产业园实现合作，即将从天然铀到核燃料组件生产的整个产业链都纳入到这个产业园之中。如果合作成功，中广核集团将可以进入核燃料元件生产领域。

双方股比初步分配是中核集团占股 51%，中广核集团占 49%。由于磋商仍在进行，具体的合作内容未来还将会调整。

该消息人士称，中核集团与中广核集团都希望能尽快推进项目启动，并争取在明年开工，但市场定位的问题将可能导致项目进度不会过于迅速。

中广核铀业发展公司副总经理魏其岩在 11 月 8 日的演讲中表示，该公司规划未来将进入核燃料元件生产领域。

近年来，中广核集团在国内外天然铀市场收获颇丰，已经在哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、澳大利亚、纳米比亚等国家成立了铀矿方面的合资企业。

魏其岩介绍，中广核集团在纳米比亚的 Husab 铀矿项目已经于今年10 月开工建设。按计划该矿经过三年建设后可以投产，并逐步达成最大产能，据测算最大产能将能达到 5700 吨铀 / 年。

然而，虽然握有丰富的铀矿资源，中广核集团在核燃料生产领域仍是空白。由于核电技术出口通常都要配套向客户提供相应的核燃料元件，对于一直谋求实现核电出口的中广核集团来说，核燃料元件是其产业链中的短板。而且即便在国内，中广核集团未来将运营更多核电站的现实情况，也要求其在核燃料元件供应上有更强的控制力。

目前，中国核燃料元件生产企业主要包括中核建中核燃料元件公司、中核北方核燃料元件有限公司、中核包头核燃料元件股份有限公司。其中，前两家为中核集团下属公司。中核包头核燃料元件股份有限公司则是由前两家企业及国家核电技术公司共同出资成立，分别持股 15%、50% 和35%，主要目的是实现 AP1000 核燃料自主化生产。

来源：http://finance.sina.com.cn/

国家核电技术公司将建国家能源装备及材料产业园

昨天下午，国家能源装备及材料产业园建设合作恳谈会在北京举行。国家核电技术公司、江苏宜兴经济开发区和银环控股集团有限公司三个合作方，就产业园建设下阶段的工作目标、重点推进事项达成共识，并签订了备忘录。国家核电技术公司董事长王炳华，江苏省委常委、无锡市委书记黄莉新，我市领导王中苏、张立军、朱晓晔等出席恳谈会。

恳谈会上，黄莉新指出，宜兴一直将建设国家能源装备及材料产业园作为提升产业层次、壮大经济总量、促进转型发展的重大项目来对待，思想上高度重视，工作上全力以赴，取得了阶段性成果。她要求我市利用自身良好的核电装备及材料制造产业基础和集聚优势，抓住机遇，为我国核电产业发展多作贡献。

市委书记、市人大常委会主任王中苏表示，加快打造特色鲜明、国内一流、国际领先的国家级能源装备及材料产业基地，不仅是宜兴抢占能源产业发展制高点、推进经济加快转型的战略抉择，也是推动我国能源装备及材料产业迈向集约化、规模化、高端化的重要引擎，对于提升我国能源装备水平、有效保障能源供给，具有巨大而深远的意义。他希望在三方的通力合作下，通过本次恳谈会达成的新一轮共识，加快推动产业园建设。

从 2010 年起，开发区积极对接国家能源局、国家核电技术公司，就国家能源装备及材料产业园建设展开洽谈，并做了大量前期筹备工作。2010 年 9 月，国家核电技术公司与银环控股首次提出建设国家能源装备及材料产业园的意向，2011 年 2 月，在上海核工院召开了合作三方的联席会议，正式确定产业园立项。根据昨日签订的备忘录，国家核电技术公司将派遣专门工作组进驻宜兴，牵头组建以国家核电技术公司、江苏宜兴经济开发区、银环控股集团有限公司三方为股东的国家核电 ( 江苏 ) 技术有限公司，并于今年年底前完成注册，注册资本 5 亿元。公司将作为国家能源装备及材料产业园项目的实施和运营主体，具体负责产业园的产业规划、招商引资、投资合作、项目建设和服务管理等。产业园项目计划总投资 100 亿元、总规划面积 5000 亩。按照 “ 一次性规划、分步实施 ” 的原则，项目一期占地 2500 亩，其中规划科研用地 500 亩，并根据项目进展建设研发基地、培训中心及生活配套设施等。


孙勤表示铀矿走出国内保障新路子

10 月 27 日，中核集团董事长、党组书记孙勤在中核集团总经理助理、地矿事业部主任曹述栋及总部相关部门负责人陪同下，围绕国务院通过新的核电发展规划后存在的天然铀保障课题，专程赴内蒙古中核通辽铀业有限责任公司调研天然铀开发、建设情况。

孙勤指出，国务院常务会议通过了《核电安全规划（2011-2020 年）》和《核电中长期发展规划（2011-2020 年）》，明确我国核电将稳妥恢复

新闻81

正常建设，对天然铀产业发展也提出了明确的目标，这为集团公司天然铀产业的发展，创造了良好的机遇，也提出了严峻的挑战。核电要发展，天然铀资源勘探与开发是重要的基础。作为地矿人，既要有干事业的光荣感、使命感，也应该有强烈的责任感和危机感。

作为地矿事业部天然铀开发 “ 新项目、新机制 ” 先行先试的典型代表，孙勤很高兴看到通辽铀业在合作机制、管理创新、科技创新和安全环保创新等方面取得了可喜的成果，充分体现了集团公司 “开放、包容、合作、共赢 ”的经营理念。通辽铀业转变发展模式，在很短时间建成了达产达标的企业。公司人员少，科技含量高，生产成本控制好，安全环保效果好，实现了铀业系统人均产量第一、人均产值第一和人均效益第一。孙勤对通辽铀业经营的发展用 “ 四好 ” 给予了肯定，即项目建设好、生产管理好、人才队伍好、标杆示范好。

孙勤还指出，通辽地区铀资源丰富，发展潜力巨大，有望在该地区建成铀矿生产大基地、技术研究基地和人才培养基地，集团公司各部门要支持通辽铀业的发展，加强指导，配备资源。同时，要积极总结好的经验和做法，推广地矿事业部提出的 “ 小核心、大协作 ” 项目开发模式和技术创新模式，创新资源开发新机制，走出一条国内天然铀保障的新路子。

孙勤对通辽铀业今后的发展提出四点要求：一是搞好铀资源开发合作，要积极推进与中石油辽河分公司的合作，实现互惠互利、合作共赢，同时要制定好 “ 十二五、十三五 ” 产能、技术和人才规划；二是要继续推进科技创新，做好知识产权保护，进一步提升管理水平，全面加强安全环保管理，要积极 “ 走出去 ”，学习国外先进的技术和管理经验；三是要加强队伍建设，培养过硬工作作风，要加强企业文化的建设、凝练企业精神，提升员工的精神面貌和活力；四是要坚定发展信心，加快发展速度，出效益、出人才、出经验，为核工业的发展作出新的贡献。

来源：http://np.chinapower.com.cn/

中电投挂牌转让辽宁核电股权

日前，中国电力投资集团公司 ( 以下简称 “ 中电投集团 ”) 持有的 “ 辽宁核电有限公司 100%股权 ”在北京产权交易所挂牌转让，挂牌金额为 2.02亿元。

挂牌公告中显示，辽宁核电有限公司成立于 2005 年 1 月 27 日，注册资本为人民币8600万元，经营范围包括核电站项目建设，其股权结构为：中电投集团占比 80%，辽宁能源投资 ( 集团 ) 有限责任公司占比 10%，大连市建设投资集团有限公司占比 10%。

辽宁核电有限公司 2011 年年度审计报告数据和 2012 年企业财务报表显示，该公司 2011年度营业收入为 17.77万元，净利润为 35.29万元 ;2012年截至 8 月 31 日，营业收入、营业利润、净利润三项均为零。

此外，以 2011 年 12 月 31 日为评估基准日，经评估辽宁核电有限公司的资产总额为 62073.18 万元，负债总额 41877.87 万元，净资产20195.31 万元，转让标的对应评估值为 20195.31 万元。

挂牌公告就受让方资格条件指出，为标的企业长远健康发展，要求意向受让方应具有从事核能发电的资质 ( 以营业执照为准 ) 并承诺符合国家核能开发建设的相关政策。而且，意向受让方须为中国境内注册且有效存续 5 年以上的内资企业法人，且注册资本金不低于 10 亿元人民币 ( 以营业执照为准 ); 意向受让方应具有良好的支付能力，需提供挂牌公告期内不低于挂牌价的银行存款证明等。

据了解，辽宁核电有限公司与江西核电有限公司 ( 彭泽核电站 ) 和山东核电有限公司 ( 海阳核电站 ) 一样，均是中电投集团在核电领域的的控股子公司之一。信息显示，该公司成立之初的角色是全面负责辽宁核电项目的前期开发、建设、运营等工作，其中就包括红沿河核电项目。

而最新的信息显示，辽宁红沿河核电工程的建设和运营由辽宁红沿河核电有限公司负责，该公司由中国广东核电集团有限公司、中电投核电有限公司、大连市建设投资公司按照 45 ∶ 45 ∶ 10 的股比投资组建，并于2006 年 8 月 28 日在大连市工商行政管理局注册成立。

另悉，作为我国 “ 十一五 ” 期间首个批准开工建设的核电项目，红沿河核电站 1 号机组将于今年底并网发电。


中核集团阿泽里克矿业公司首批铀产品启运回国

10 月 22 日，中核集团阿泽里克矿业股份有限公司在尼日尔举行了首批铀产品启运仪式。阿泽里克铀矿历经 4 年多的建设和试生产，实现首次产品销售并进入商业运营，标志着中国企业海外铀资源商用实现 “ 零的突破 ”。

阿泽里克铀矿项目是中尼两国政府共同推动的政治互信、经济互利的合作经营项目，由中核集团主导开发，是我国自主设计、建造、运营管理的第一个铀资源海外开发项目。该项目于 2008 年 7 月正式动工，2011 年3 月进入试生产运行。4 年多来，在中核集团及其他股东方领导和支持下，阿泽里克公司中方员工克服了非洲地区条件艰苦、气候恶劣、政局动荡以及海外开发经验缺乏等诸多困难，取得了突破性成果。同时，也使我国在一直由西方国家垄断的非洲铀矿市场上占有了一席之地，为实施 “ 走出去 ”铀资源开发战略积累了经验，锻炼了队伍。

此次铀产品运输不仅环节管理严格、程序复杂，还面临着陆海联运、多国过境等困难。阿泽里克公司通过细致系统的工作，全面了解和熟悉了国际铀产品运输的关键环节，确保铀产品出口运输顺利进行，积累了铀贸易运输方面的经验。

来源：http://www.cnnc.com.cn/

国核总经理魏锁到隶属公司调研

10 月 12 日，国家核电技术公司副经理魏锁到国核 ( 北京 ) 科学技术研究院（以下简称 “ 国核研究院 ”）进行调研。公司人力资源部、计划发展部、科研部（重大办）负责人及相关人员陪同调研。

国核研究院从组织管理、未来科技城建设、科研工作等方面汇报了近期工作进展情况以及下一步的工作计划。

魏锁对国核研究院成立一年多来所做的工作给予了肯定，并希望国核研究院全体同志继续努力工作、克服困难，扎实做好近期的各项任务，不断加强研究院基础设施、组织管理、规章制度、人才队伍等方面的建设，明确目标和任务，进一步理清下一步工作思路，并加强团结、协调配合，不断提高班子的整体合力。

来源：http://www.snptc.com.cn/

温家宝会见法国总统提出加大核能领域合作力度

11 月 5 日 , 国务院总理温家宝在万象会见法国总统奥朗德。

温家宝表示，法国是第一个同新中国建交的西方大国。在中欧关系发展的许多方面，法国发挥过重要作用。面对当前错综复杂的国际局势，双方要继续从战略和长远角度出发，保持高层交往，深化中法全面战略伙伴关系。

温家宝说，法国有很强的科技实力和雄厚的工业基础，中国有巨大的市场潜力，双方要更好地把各自优势和需求结合起来，实现互利共赢。一是发展全面、平衡的经贸关系，中方不追求贸易顺差，欢迎法方开拓中国市场，希望法方坚持开放和公平贸易。二是在核能、航空领域加大技术合作力度，共同开拓第三国市场。三是在新能源、节能环保、创意设计、现

国际合作

新闻 82

代农业等领域拓展合作，使它们成为新的经济增长点。四是加强金融合作。中方将继续通过双边和多边渠道参与解决欧债问题，相信欧盟依靠自身的不懈努力和国际社会的支持，一定能够渡过难关，实现新的发展。

奥朗德表示，法中拥有广泛的共同利益，进行了很好的合作，在许多国际和地区问题上有着相同的观点，都主张世界多极化。良好的法中关系对法国至关重要。法方对中国的发展充满信心，也希望中国对法国和欧洲继续抱有信心。奥朗德赞成温家宝提出的加强两国关系和中欧关系的建议，愿与中方共同作出努力。

来源：http://www.gov.cn/ldhd/

中广核集团在澳大利亚天然铀供应渠道正式建立

近日，首批产自澳大利亚的天然铀产品运抵上海洋山港。在紧张的货物交接活动完成后，这批天然铀被运往转化厂进行后续加工。该单天然铀的顺利交付，标志着中广核集团在澳大利亚天然铀供应渠道正式建立。

总部位于澳大利亚珀斯市的 EME 公司，是中广核集团在澳大利亚的唯一下属企业，肩负着从澳大利亚向中广核集团供应天然铀产品，保障中广核集团核燃料供应的重要使命。2011 年初，EME 公司获得了澳大利亚联邦政府颁发的天然铀贸易资质。获取该资质的 7 个月后，EME 公司与澳大利亚天然铀生产商和中广核铀业公司分别签署了采购和销售合同。

来源：http://www.cgnpc.com.cn/

张华祝理事长会见世界核协会候任总干事

11 月 8 日，中国核能行业协会理事长张华祝在京会见了世界核协会（WNA）候任总干事 Agneta Rising 女士。张华祝首先向即将就任总干事的 Rising 女士表示衷心的祝贺，并希望双方的交流与合作在其任内能有更大的进步。

张华祝谈到，双方自正式建立合作关系以来，已分别在北京和香港共同主办了两届中国国际核工业研讨会，反响较好。特别是双方联合清华大学共同主办的世界核大学清华周已在中国连续举办了六年，培训专业人员和学生约 1300 人，开拓了他们的国际视野，增长了其知识技能，希望双方未来能继续深化这种合作。

张华祝理事长会见世界核协会候任总干事。雷梅芳（左二）张华祝（中）及 Agneta Rising 夫妇（右一、二）

Rising 女士说，中国核能行业协会与世界核协会都拥有众多的会员单位，双方开展合作取得了积极的效果，希望双方能继续加强沟通，在世界核电行业内搭建交流与互动的平台，促进行业的安全健康发展。

中国核能行业协会国际合作部主任雷梅芳等参加了会见。


西屋与绍尔公司专家齐聚三门探讨 AP1000 核电设计与建造技术优化方案

11 月 6 日，三门核电现场风和日丽，施工热火朝天，1# 机组主管道焊接正式开始，来自美国西屋公司与绍尔公司的专家、中国核工业第五建设有限公司代表、三门和海阳 AP1000 建设土建分包商代表齐聚三门，第二次 AP1000 核电设计与建造技术优化研究交流会隆重召开！

本次会议在三门核电工程施工总承包部第一会议室进行。中国核工业第五建设有限公司经理助理姚文军担任会议主持人。中国核工业第五建设有限公司总经理吴杰同志在交流会上致欢迎词，他热情地欢迎远道而来的西屋公司专家，对他们给予交流会的重视表示感谢，并希望通过这次交流会，加深各单位间的友谊，使 AP1000 核电设计与建造技术能够得到大幅优化，为第三代核电的蓬勃发展贡献更大的力量。

西屋公司 Bill Poirier 先生针对本次会议的目的进行了简单介绍，并十分感谢中核五公司各位领导的招待，他表示通过这种形式的会议一定能够促进 AP1000 核电设计与建造水平的提高。

由于本次交流会是该层面交流的第二次，上次会议中双方确定了部分行动项，三门核电工程施工总承包部首先公布了行动项的落实情况，并介绍了 AP1000 三门项目的总体形象进度及施工逻辑，之后分专业的交流和讨论正式开始。与会各单位代表在为期一天的会议过程中就施工过程中各专业遇到的主要设计与建造技术接口问题，施工过程中取得的经验进行了深入的讨论与交流；并就如何通过好的技术措施以加快施工进度、减少建造成本、提高施工质量，向设计方提出一些建议。会议气氛热烈，中核五公司代表详细的进行汇报，并提出了诸多有建设性的建议；西屋专家认真听取了 CNF 的汇报和建议，并逐一进行研究讨论，解释设计理念，分析建议的可执行性，讨论解决问题的方法，给出明确答复。西屋专家也吸取和采纳了部分建议，将用于今后 AP1000 的设计当中去。

AP1000 核电设计与建造技术优化研究交流会是设计方与建造方良好

新闻83

沟通的典范，是提升技术和管理水平的一条途径，希望今后这样的交流会能够经常开展，为我们的 AP1000 核电事业更好发展助力。

来源：http://www.cnec5.com/

法国源讯网源公司总裁潘杰明一行到访广利核

2012 年 10 月 18 日，法国源讯网源（Atos Worldgrid）公司总裁兼首席执行官潘杰明（Jérôme De Parscau），中国区总经理安地（Andéol Ayzac）、中国区核电业务经理叶晨和中国区业务拓展经理刘洋一行 4 人对公司进行了友好访问。

公司总经理江国进热情接待了法国客人，双方就公司产品、市场情况、项目机会等进行了深入会谈。本次会谈有助于加强双方的战略合作关系和获取项目机会。

源讯网源公司是法国源讯（Atos）公司旗下主责能源和公共事业的分公司，其核电业务涉及法国电力集团所有 58 台在役机组。今年 4 月，公司与源讯网源公司签署合作谅解备忘录，约定在核能领域加强合作。

市场总监肖玉华参加了接待、交流活动。

来源：http://www.ctecdcs.com/

中法就全球核电发展现状进行沟通交流

10 月 29 日，法国阿海珐集团高级执行副总裁夏文到访国家核电技术公司。公司总经理顾军、总工程师王俊等会见了到访的一行。双方就全球核电发展情况进行了沟通并交换了意见。

公司计划发展部、工程管理部、国际事业部部门负责人及有关人员参加了会见。


罗马尼亚核电渴望中国投资中方有意

深陷经济危机的罗马尼亚将来自中国的投资看作其重振发展的 “ 救命稻草 ”。该国表示欢迎一切形式来自中国投资，包括参与建设最新的两座核电站反应堆，而中国投资方也已经表露出了参与其中的兴趣。不过德国媒体指出，罗马尼亚更多地希望新建核电站能为其在欧洲能源政策方面争取地缘政治话语权。

据 “ 德国之声 ”10 月 31 日报道，罗马尼亚经济部长 10 月 30 日称，有意参与罗马尼亚核电厂建设项目的中国企业为中国广东核电集团，该集团将有可能为罗马尼亚东南部切尔纳沃德 (Cernavoda) 核电站的第三和第四个核反应堆提供 40% 的资金，筹建领域包括电器设备、汽轮机以及发电机设施的建造。据估计，这两座即将兴建的核电站将总共耗资约 51 亿美元。报道称，如若投资落实，中国广东核电集团将占有切尔纳沃德三、四号核反应堆 40% 的股权。

报道指出，罗马尼亚其实并非真正需要依靠核电来保证该国的电能供应。实际上，切尔纳沃德核电站目前已有的两座核反应堆正处于运行中，提供了全国 18% 的电力，而新建核电站所产电能将主要出口欧洲，以此增加罗马尼亚在欧洲能源政策方面争取地缘政治话语权。

此外，由于受经济危机的影响，罗马尼亚过去几年的投资额一直下降，各个领域的投资需求都很旺盛，因此，和中国合作不仅是能源政策的重要组成部分，也是是吸引境外投资的重大举措。

“ 德国之声 ” 罗马尼亚组主任施瓦茨分析称，罗马尼亚非常愿意成为中国投资欧洲的大门。来自中国的投资对于罗马尼亚来说就好像是新鲜氧气。所以，罗马尼亚欢迎中方的各种投资。不仅仅是在核电站方面。在风能、水能、热力发电以及基础设施建设方面都盼望着能和中国合作。可以说，罗马尼亚希望快速成为一个令中国感兴趣的市场。

据罗马尼亚经济部长透露，他此前还向中方发出了参与建设热力和水力发电厂的邀请，投资需求估计在 30 亿美元。


法国阿海珐集团副总裁马杰坤一行到访广利核

2012 年 10 月 26 日，法国阿海珐集团 (Areva) 核反应堆与核服务部执行副总裁马杰坤，阿海珐中国运行与新建核电厂事业部高级副总裁博文，核电仪控与电气系统业务发展经理吴正强一行 3人对公司进行了友好访问。

在公司总经理江国进的陪同下，马杰坤一行参观了公司，对我公司DCS 系统集成、工厂测试、安全级板卡生产以及研发进展情况进行了详细的了解。

作为世界核能领域全球首屈一指的公司，阿海珐集团的主要业务是包括核燃料采矿、核燃料提炼和销售、核反应堆制造、废料回收。目前，阿海珐集团同中国广东核电集团以及法国电力公司 (EDF) 联合在中国台山市建造两座 EPR 核反应堆。

市场总监肖玉华参加了接待、交流活动。

来源：http://www.ctecdcs.com/

美国能源部核能助理部长莱昂斯访问国家核电

10 月 25 日，美国能源部核能助理部长彼得·莱昂斯（Peter Lyons）先生一行访问国家核电技术公司。公司董事长王炳华、副总经理马璐等会见来访一行。

双方就 AP1000 依托项目 4 台核电机组建设进展情况、中美能源企业合作等议题深入交换了意见。

公司科研部、国际事业部、商务部等部门负责人参加会见。


阿海珐集团亚洲人力资源副总裁一行到访核干院

7 月 18 日，阿海珐集团亚洲人力资源副总裁张伟东一行到访核工业管理干部学院，双方就培训合作事宜进行了座谈。

座谈会上，双方就人力资源管理与开发、员工评估与业绩考评、人才培训与校际合作等方面进行了深入交流。双方将根据各自现状、需求与合作意向，初步确定战略合作框架。

来源：http://www.cnnc.com.cn/

众知名研究院参与“严重事故仿真平台及氢气控制装置研发”项目

日前，国家能源局正式批复 “ 严重事故仿真平台与氢气控制装置研发项目实施方案 ”，标志着该项目正式进入实施阶段，这是中广核所属中科华核电技术研究院自成立以来首次牵头负责国家能源应用技术研究及工程示范项目，也是中广核集团 2012 年在该领域唯一获批的项目。

“ 严重事故仿真平台及氢气控制装置研发 ” 项目下设 “ 核电厂全范围严重事故仿真平台研发 ”、“ 放射性释放源项评估方法研究 ”、“ 核电厂氢气控制装置研发”三个研究课题。该项目是针对福岛核电站事故的

核电站

新闻

新闻 84

田湾核电站有望成首个核电重启项目

中国核工业集团公司昨日发布消息称，国家发改委副主任、国家能源局局长刘铁男近日在田湾核电站视察时表示，核电发展对于促进国家节能减排和保障能源可持续发展方面具有重要作用，田湾核电站 3、4 号机组有望成为我国在《核电安全规划（2011-2020 年）》和《核电中长期发展规划（2011-2020 年）》批准后首个启动的新建核电项目。

据了解，田湾核电站为中俄战略合作项目，厂址位于江苏省连云港(601008, 股吧 ) 市连云区田湾，符合此前国务院常务会议提出的沿海核电项目厂址条件。“ 田湾核电站的安全性、可靠性较高，当前的准备工作也比较充分，所以能够成为率先启动的新建项目。” 厦门大学中国能源经济研究中心主任林伯强预计，年底之前田湾核电站 3、4 号机组将开工建设。不过田湾核电站在原本设计上属于二代改进型核电技术，而按照国务院 “新建核电机组必须符合三代安全标准 ” 的要求，3、4 号机组在重启前应该改成三代技术，这意味着其在技术设计、设备安装等方面的资金成本都将大幅提高。

数据显示，我国目前正在运行的核电装机容量为 1256 万千瓦，在建装机容量为 2944 万千瓦，两者相加已经超过 4000 万千瓦。林伯强预计，到 “ 十二五 ” 末，我国核电装机运行容量达到 4000 万千瓦的目标可以实现，按国务院当前谨慎重启的态度，2020 年的装机容量预计不会超过 8000万千瓦。


台山核电 EPR 堆型稳压器顺利就位

10 月 29 日，台山核电 EPR 堆型又一重型设备 —— 稳压器顺利就位。

此次吊装的稳压器重约 170 吨，总长度 15.47 米，是继压力容器和蒸汽发生器之后，再次应用空中翻转技术的重型设备。核反应堆公司按照最高星级 (5 星级 ) 标准进行全过程管控。与压力容器和蒸汽发生器安装不同的是，EPR 堆型稳压器选取前后各一个吊点的连接方式进行空中翻转。此次稳压器的安装就位又一次检验了核反应堆公司安装过程中的空中翻转技术。


海南核电 1 号机组首台蒸汽发生器完成出厂验收

10 月 9--17 日，由中国核电工程有限公司、海南核电有限公司和上海电气核电设备有限公司同相关单位人员组成验收团组，对海南昌江核电工程 1 号机组首台蒸汽发生器进行了出厂验收，这是该项目验收的第一项重大关键主设备。

据悉，这台蒸汽发生器已于 2012 年 10 月 20 日发运出厂，标志着集团公司对海南核电公司考核里程碑节点提前 10 天完成。


台山核电 1 号机组压力容器顶盖成功吊装就位

10 月 24 日，由中国核建二三公司负责施工的台山核电核岛安装工程 1 号机组压力容器顶盖顺利引入厂房并就位于存放架上，至此，压力容器顶盖吊装引入工作全部完成。1 号机组压力容器顶盖带包装重 130 吨，净重 120 吨，高约 3 米，直径 5.785 米。10 月 23 日，该设备由液压提升装置成功吊装，并顺利牵引入反应堆厂房，24 日 17时 30 分成功吊装就位。该项工作的完成为后续相关设备的安装奠定了基础。


西屋公司为三门核电提供第二组操纵员模拟机培训

10 月 21 日，由西屋公司提供的三门核电有限公司第二组操纵员

经验反馈而提出的，将研发严重事故仿真平台、高效非能动氢气复合器、在线连续氢气浓度监测系统等设备，并开展燃料厂房氢气控制技术、安全期过滤排放氢气控制技术和放射性源项评估方法等方面的研究。项目由技术研究院牵头、仿真公司、清华大学核研院参与组织实施。

来源：http://www.cgnpc.com.cn/

山东三大核电项目两项落定石岛湾年底开建

山东核电建设近期提速。经济导报记者 26 日从参与石岛湾核电建设的内部人士处获悉，华能山东石岛湾核电厂有望今年 12 月中旬正式动工 —— 浇筑核岛 ( 核电厂中核蒸汽供应系统及其配套设施以及其所在厂房的总称 )，这将是山东继烟台海阳核电站之后开建的第二座核电站。

24 日，温家宝主持召开国务院常务会议，再次讨论并通过《核电安全规划 (2001 － 2020 年 )》和《核电中长期发展规划 (2011 －2020 年 )》。会议指出，恢复核电项目正常建设，但 “‘ 十二五 ’ 时期只在沿海安排少数项目 ”，并且 “ 新建机组必须符合三代安全标准 ”。据前述人士透露，石岛湾核电厂正是符合这样的条件，才有了获批的机会。

至此，山东省内的三大核电规划项目 —— 海阳核电、石岛湾核电、乳山红石顶核电，已有两项落定。


内陆核电项目唯有静待“十三五”

日前，国务院通过了《核能安全规划 (2011-2020 年 )》和《核电中长期发展规划 (2011-2020 年 )》，其中规定我国稳妥恢复正常建设、不安排内陆核电项目、机组必须符合三代标准等建议和意见。厦门大学能源经济研究中心主任林伯强在接受采访时说，虽然暂缓内陆核电建设会在一定程度上影响我国核电发展速度，但核电建设首先要保证的就是安全，内陆省份发展核电，要看 “ 十三五 ” 的能源政策。

由于我国能源分布不均，不少常规能源匮乏的内陆省份经常面对 “ 电荒 ” 局面。根据报道，湖南、湖北、江西、河南、重庆等地在当时都在积极着手核电项目的准备工作。

据报道，无油少煤的中部省份湖南自 20 世纪 70 年代就开始绸缪启动核电前期工作。根据资料显示，经勘测，湖南可建核电站约 10 座。报道称，专家预测 2015 年至 2030 年将是湖南核电建设的高峰期。

但自福岛核事故发生以来，我国对核电建设的要求愈加严格，此次重新启动建设，明确规定在 2020 年前，不在内陆地区建设核电站。内陆省市区的 “ 核电梦 ” 暂时 “ 破灭 ”。

林伯强说，稳妥恢复核电的正常建设对我国能源产业是有积极意义的，核能毕竟是清洁能源。但核电发展现在在世界上的很多国家都存在一定争议，所以现在发展核能的最首要保证就是安全。所以，这次出台的《规划》才重点强调新建核电机组必须符合三代安全标准。

在日本福岛核电站事故之后，国务院紧急叫停了核电项目审批，并进行核电站的全面安检。林伯强表示，国家明确表示 “ 十二五 ” 期间不安排内陆核电项目，这的确会在相当程度上影响国内核电发展的速度，但出于安全方面的考虑，国家做出这样的规定很合适。

林伯强表示，目前我国核电规模还比较小，只在沿海地区有几个项目。在未来我国核电发展成熟时，在内陆地区建核电项目还是很有必要的。

在未来的三年里，湖南桃花江核电项目、湖北咸宁核电项目和江西彭泽核电项目所需要做的工作已经与建设关系不大。一位不愿透露姓名的总经理表示，“ 十二五 ” 期间该项目的工作重心将转移到内陆核电的科研、电站设计的修改和厂址维护等上，而这些工作所需要的投资也并不多。

截至 2011 年年底，湖南桃花江核电项目前期工作投入约 38 亿元、湖北咸宁核电项目完成投资约 34 亿元，江西彭泽核电项目到今年 5 月也已完成投资 34 亿元。


新闻85

模拟机培训开始，旨在使学员能够掌握正常的电厂和系统运行、电厂启动和停堆、系统报警、电厂应急运行以及严重事故工况和严重事故管理导则运行等，也为 2013 年 5 月开始的预备操纵员取照考试做准备。

此次开始的模拟机培训将于 2013 年 2 月 8 日结束。至此，操纵员取照考试前的培训内容将全部结束。西屋提供的模拟机培训将最终培养一批以安全、可靠方式进行管理、运行及维护电厂的 AP1000 核电站运营队伍。


海南核电 1 号机组蒸汽发生器全部交货

日前，海南核电 1 号机组第 2 台蒸汽发生器在上海临港重型装配产业基地码头顺利装船并启运。

海南核电 1 号机组两台 60F 型蒸汽发生器分别由上海电气核电设备有限公司和西班牙核设备有限公司承制，主锻件由上海重型机器厂有限公司制造。考虑到主设备交货进度对工程总工期的影响，海南核电有限公司于2008 年 10 月即完成了蒸发器合同招标工作，同年 12 月签订了供货合同。2009年5月30日，蒸发器首件主锻件—管板投料，时至设备最终交付出厂，累计制造周期 42 个月。


海阳核电核岛系统移交工作拉开序幕

10 月 30 日下午，在山东核电有限公司 A300 会议室举行了 “ 海阳核电一期工程核岛 PLS-01 系统建安向调试移交签字仪式 ”。山东海阳核岛各主要参建单位相关领导参加会议。PLS-01 系统共有 10 台柜体，位于核岛40 厂房电气房间。这是海阳核电一期工程核岛建安向调试移交的第一个系统包，标志着核岛系统移交的序幕已经拉开，这一移交成果是核岛各方共同努力的结果。

中核五公司海阳核电工程施工总承包部副总经理李星文代表建安施工方发言。他感慨地说，第一个系统移交包今天终于顺利完成，回顾 PLS 移交包的工作历程，海阳倒送电系统安装从今年 5 月份启动，6 月下旬开始调试，到今天正式移交，在此期间中核五公司面临诸如设计、设备供应、交叉施工等方面的实际问题，在山东核电业主、海阳 SPMO、JST 的大力支持下克服了许多困难，我们这个团队团结一致最终取得这一良好成果。PLS-01 系统移交标志着整个核岛系统开始从建安向调试移交的启动，在以后的施工过程中我们还有更多的工作要做，我们还会面临很多复杂问题，我相信我们的团队有能力、有决心勇于面对这样的困难、敢于接受各种挑战，为全面做好核岛施工工作而努力。

山东核电副总经理薛一鸣、海阳 SPMO 中方总经理助理王伟分别发言，要求各参建单位团结一致，努力工作确保满足工程要求。最后海阳 SPMO Alex Lim（Construction Manager）、山东核电有限公司调试管理部经理夏亚峰分别代表海阳 SPMO 和山东核电有限公司在交接文件上签字。

来源：http://www.cnec5.com/

三门核电首条输出线路铺设各界蔚为关注

10 月 15 日早上，在浙江三门核电厂区 500 千伏三门核电 - 回浦双回输电线路 1 号塔基工程现场，电力工人们正娴熟地将 10 多米长的钢筋笼慢慢放入塔基孔洞中。

作为三门核电首条输出线路，500 千伏三门核电 - 回浦双回输电线路工程建设进度备受各界关注。据了解，该输电线路起于三门核电站，止于临海市东塍镇 500KV 回浦变电所，途经三门县健跳镇、六敖镇、横渡镇、亭旁镇和临海市东塍镇，总长 47.425 公里，需新建 101 基杆塔，静态投资近 4.5 亿元。该工程建设需要跨越多处港口、公路、山地、房屋和养殖塘，施工难度大。

据该工程项目部经理、浙江省送变电工程公司工作人员叶国钢介绍，该项目从今年3月20日开工建设以来，公司抽调精兵强将组成施工突击队，

共有 350 余名施工人员加班加点抢工期。截至目前，38 基杆塔的基础施工已完成，45 基杆塔的基础正在加紧施工中，计划在年底前完成全部基础施工，完成部分线路施工。

“ 按照目前的工程进度，预计明年 6 月能完工。” 叶国钢告诉记者，虽然工程时间紧，任务重，但是他们一定会保质保量完成任务。


世界首台 AP1000 屏蔽电机主泵正式发运

美国东部时间 2012 年 10 月 22 日，AP1000 首台屏蔽电机主泵装船离开美国费城码头运往中国三门核电项目现场，预计年底前抵达。

在国家核电、西屋电气公司和柯蒂斯怀特 EMD 公司三方的共同努力下，首台 AP1000 核电主泵于 2012 年 4 月 16 日在 EMD 成功完成全部台架试验，并于 9月 24日完成出厂验收。首台AP1000屏蔽电机主泵的装运，为中国 AP1000 依托项目顺利建设提供了保障。

第三代核电 AP1000 屏蔽电机主泵取消了常规轴密封系统，简化了主泵仪控系统，消除了冷却剂泄漏隐患，提高了安全性和运行可靠性。


海南核电 1 号机组蒸汽发生器全部交货由 CNEA 提供

86新闻摘要

摘要澳大利亚

澳大利亚能源部长马丁 • 费格森本周对一份呼吁核电的报告表示欢

迎且谨慎对待，尽管他一直敦促澳大利亚执政党工党重新考虑发展

核电的好处，工党却一直对发展核电持反对态度。费格森对澳大利

亚经济发展委员会（CEDA）11 月 13 日的 “ 澳大利亚能源选择 ”报告作出回应时说道，“ 澳大利亚政府的责任是要测试所有形式的

清洁能源，如果将来我们没有获得基荷清洁能源上的突破，澳大利

亚需要认真考虑发展核电 ”。澳大利亚政府应检讨其反对核能的态

度，因为核电是 “ 解决澳大利亚的长期能源需求，减轻气候变化消

极影响，并确保铀矿开采和国际核废料储存工业相关经济利益的重

要贡献者，” 作为一个备受推崇的代表两党的非盈利性组织 CEDA如是说。这篇报告是在政府公布年度能源白皮书驳回 “ 核电带来的

经济利益永远比不上化石燃料技术 ” 后的一周发布的。

澳大利亚

必和必拓集团（BHP Billiton）已承诺未来四年要花费 5.4 亿多

美元重新部署其在南澳洲的奥林匹克坝扩建工程，以换取被延长

四年的一份契约，该契约是去年联邦政府批准的。南澳洲议员杰

伊 • 韦瑟里尔在 11 月 13 日发表的声明中说，“ 奥林匹克坝的世

界级资源将被不被限制，但可能需要经过较长的时间，” 必和必

拓集团（BHP Billiton）现在将有更多的时间来开发开采和加工

的 “新的创新的方法 ”。这个声明发表近三个月前，必和必拓（BHP Billiton）还透漏，依照政府的初步契约的要求，它今年年底不会

作出最终的投资决定。 “ 我收到的信息确实显示必和必拓（BHP Billiton）面临着不可预期的经济情况，” 韦瑟里尔说道，但他仍

然相信必和必拓（BHP Billiton）最终将继续进行该项目。韦瑟

里尔称被修订的资本密集程度较低的采矿计划将包括新的开采和

加工技术，还包括堆浸处理技术。“ 这有可能使南澳大利亚成为

堆浸采矿技术的全球领导者，” 他说。

法国法国总统弗朗索瓦 • 奥朗德任命 Pierre-Franck Chevet 为法国原子

能安全委员会新主席，接替 11 月 12 日任期届满的 Andre-Claude Lacoste。11 月 9 日通过法令，Chevet 成为法国原子能安全委员

会自 2006 年发展成为独立的行政机构以来的第二任主席。（此

前，委员会执行者要被迫屈服于特定的政府部长的意愿；随着它

日益增强的独立性，它已经能够调节该国的核工业而不用过多担

心政治或经济后果。）Chevet 1986 年开始在原子能安全委员会工

作，但先后担任了不同工作，包括担任法国前总理 Dominique de Villepin 在能源，工业，研究和环境方面的特别顾问。同时，Margot Tirmarche 被任命为法国原子能安全委员会委员，接替 Marie-Pierre Comets，其任期与 Lacoste 重叠。安全委员会共有 5 名委员。

韩国路透社报道称，据韩国知识经济部周五发布的计划，由于 11 月

初韩国灵光核电基地的两座反应堆停堆，这迫使韩国政府寻求额

外的 4000MW 电量来避免冬天可能出现的断电情况。1 月份的

备用电量预计不到正常目标三分之一，知识经济部正在计划从私

有和公共发电企业获得额外的 1270MW 电量，而另外 3000MW将通过节电来实现。报道称知识经济部一位负责人表示没有这个

计划，东北亚国家在 1 月份将只有比预计需求量多出 1270MW的发电量，政府只寻求 28％的安全裕度来保证供应。灵光核电

站 5号和 6号机组的两个约 1000MW的压水堆预计将关闭数月，

因为关于伪造反应堆组件安全认证的调查正在进行中。

英国英国政府在本周宣布，阿海珐集团和法国电力公司预计今年年底

将最终通过英国监管机构对他们 EPR 技术的验收。英国核监管

办公室在它的季度动态中称，“ 如果他们提供的解决突出问题的

信息是及时且有效的，核监管办公室和环境局将会考虑在今年年

底通过最终设计验收。” 这与法国电力公司将与 12 月 31 日前做

出对于其提议的欣克利角核电站新建 EPR 项目最终的投资决定

这一目标相一致。同时，阿海珐向普华永道会计事务所委托了一

份报告，大肆吹捧巨大的经济效益将涌入英国新建核电项目，并

且从现在到 2030 年英国四到八座反应堆机组都将使用同样的技

术。普华永道会计事务所在 11 月 14 日的声明中表示，“ 这一系

列的经济利益把英国本土的技术，资金等在新建项目中的参与机

会从原来的 44% 提高到 80%。因为新项目的巨大工作量以及它

给投资者增加的信心会给英国带来更多机会。”

美国11 月 14 日，美国加州海岸委员会否决了向海洋发射响亮的音速

脉冲（通过空气炮）的计划，太平洋瓦斯与电力公司（PG&E）将不得不寻找另一种方式在加利福尼亚海岸做抗震测试（NIW Oct.5'12）。与环保主义者意见一致，委员会工作人员报告说，

该计划将 “ 给海洋生物资源带来严重的不可避免的恶果 ”，包括

7000多种哺乳动物如鲸、鼠、海豚等。PG&E希望进行一项研究，

能够做建在海岸峭壁上代阿布洛峡谷（Diablo Canyon）核电站

附近的断层线的 3-D 绘图。虽然美国核管理委员会不需要 3-D 绘

图，但是福岛事故和 2008 年发现的一个新的断层线迫使 PG&E在 2014 年获得电厂两台机组延续使用许可之前必须更好地了解

核电站周围的地震风险。PG ＆ E 在一份声明中说，它对这个决

定很失望，将会衡量其下一步的行动。

美国当 VC Summer 核电站的工程师在补救 1 号机组反应堆容器封头

上发现的破裂焊口时，SCANA 公司本周表示，它已经解决了与

西屋公司和绍尔公司关于南卡莱罗纳州基地新建的拥有两台机组

的核电项目的争议。SCANA 公司的 CEO 凯文 • 马什说对未预

料到的成本和延误，公司上周已经批准支付 $1.38 亿的和解费用

给承包商西屋公司和绍尔，现在 AP1000 项目重新步入正轨。马

什在美国亚利桑那州一次企业会议上说，“ 转移不是因为建设问

题，“。在 1 号机组的裂缝是在 10 月 12 号一次例行加油中断运

行时被发现的。南卡罗来纳州电力和天然气公司操作员说这次维

修后可以安全使用 40年，行业监管机构却说可能出现新的裂缝，

公司应该考虑更换容器封头，一位专家预计更换的话，费用在

4000 万美元到 6000 万美元之间。

87 核电词汇

activated charcoal filteractivated charcoal filter bankactivated charcoal filter packageactivated nucleusactivated wateractivationactivation analysisactivation detector activation energyactivation productsactiveactive carbon filteractive componentactive core heightactive energyactive failureactive fuel lengthactive height (fuel)active loopactive poweractive power meteractive surface agentactive volumeactivityactivity affecting qualityactivity concentrationactivity curveactivity levelactivity meteractivity supervisoractual capacity (compressor)actuateactuating variableactuationactuatoractuator armactuator manufactureracute exposureadaptoradaptor lugadaptor plate (fuel assemply top nozzle)adderaddition or deletion of variables (welding procedure qualification)additional contactsadditional HP governing valveadditional lightingadditional loadadditional power sourceadditional workadditive

活性碳过滤器活性碳过滤器组件活性碳过滤器组件活化核活化水，放射性水活化活化分析放射性检测仪，活化检测仪激活能量，活化能活化产物放射性的，活化的活性炭过滤器火星部份，火星部件堆芯活性高度有效能量有效损坏（故障）燃料活性高度活性高度 ( 燃料）放射性环路有功功率有功功率计表面活化剂激活体积活化率，放射性影响质量的放射性放射性浓度，容积放射性衰变曲线放射性浓度，容积放射性放射性测定仪表放射性检验员实际出力压气机开动，驱动作用变量，感应变量，影响变量起动，投运传动装置，起动器传动杆起动器制造商强裂照射适配器，适配座适配接线片燃料组件上管座配析

加法器变量的增添或删除

辅助触点辅助高压调节阀辅助照明超负荷，超载附加电源，第三电源额外工作，附加工作添加剂

核电专业词汇Nuclear GlossaryEnglish Chinese English Chinese

addressadhesionadhesive adjadhesiveadhesive tapeadjoint fluxadjoint of the neutron flux densityadjustadjustableadjustable blade propelleradjustable pliersadjustable wrenchadjustingadjusting bolt bearingadjusting ring set screwadjusting screwadjustment deviceadjustment moduleadjustment pelletadministration buildingadministrative lockoutadministrative manageradmission pressureadvanced fuel assemblyadvantage factoraerialaerial cableaerial viewaerosolaerosol monitorAFI test (filters)after-heatafter-powerafterglowafterset insertAG 5 aluminum-zinc alloyage v.age hardeningage peaking factoraged uranium agglomeratedagglomerated fluxagglomeration (powder)aggregateaggregate recoilaggressiveaggressive atmosphereaggressive mediumaggressive wateraging

地址（电缆）粘附胶粘的附着力胶带辅助通量中子通量密度的修正

校准可调的，可校准的可调螺奖叶片调节芯块活扳手调整调节螺栓支承点调节环定位螺丝调节螺丝调节装置调整摸数，调节系数调节芯块行政楼行政上的判决行政经理允许压力改进型燃料组件有利因子大气的架空电缆俯视图悬浮微粒，气溶胶气溶胶监测器AFI 试验（过滤器）剩（残）余热，衰变热剩余功率余辉凝固后鑲嵌件AG5 铝锌合金使变老，老化时效硬化年令峰值因子衰（蜕）变铀聚结的聚结熔剂团聚（粉末）骨料集合反冲，群体反冲腐蚀性的，侵蚀性的，生锈的污染大气集蚀介质集蚀性水老化，衰变，变质

L-3逼真的仿真技术与安全紧密相连

L-3 MAPPS L-3com.com

L-3的超级仿真培训系统采用Orchid 仿真技术，为电厂操作人员提供真实的操作环境，帮助他们获得处理任何紧急事故的经验。不管是多复杂，多危险的事故工况，都可以在仿真器上实时逼真地推演，对事故工况提供有效的监视并能对事故工况进行适当的调整。

请点击www.L-3com.com/MAPPS您可以详细地了解我们近40年所积累的核电仿真领域的相关经验，以及我们能如何改变您的现在和未来。

Dynatom_Need for Safety.indd 1 9/12/2012 2:41:01 PM

Your Window to the Chinese Nuclear Market

Documents

years of cooperation

french industry

nuclear fuel reprocessing

nuclear safety

global nuclear industry

use of nuclear power

future cooperation

cooperation framework