Your Power Quality News Source - pps2.com Connection 1.pdf · “solving Power Quality issues is a very important challenge”. The challenge includes how to build an effective Power

Power Quality continues to be animportant topic in the electricalindustry. Our customers are facing a

bombardment of new products and servicesto provide clean power in the most cost-effective manner.

One recent survey by EC&M magazine (1998)found that 68% of engineers state that“solving Power Quality issues is a veryimportant challenge”. The challenge includeshow to build an effective Power Qualitystrategy and how to integrate varioustechnologies together into a reliable system.

To help professionals keep abreast of thedynamic changes in the power quality indus-try, Cutler-Hammer has introduced the “PQConnection” newsletter—a collaborativeeffort from our power quality team of

application engineers and technicalspecialists. Our objective is to includevaluable information on application tips,changes to UL or IEEE standards, casestudies and product announcements.

Cutler-Hammer has one of the largest Power Quality teams. Our expertise includesPower System Engineers, Product/SystemApplication Engineers, and we are leadingresearch efforts into new power qualitytechnologies. Call your local Cutler-Hammeroffice for more information on our range ofelectrical and automation solutions.

Figure 1: Cutler-Hammer’s Complete Solution

P.Q. METERING:

• Data event capture

• Voltage disturbances

• Harmonic content

• Facility wide power management

P.Q. ENGINEERING SERVICES:

• Site surveys, monitoring and evaluations

• Problem solving

• Independent assessment

• Power system studies

P.Q. SOLUTIONS:

• Surge Protection (AC, DC and datacomprotection)

• Powerline Filters (EMI/RFI)

• K Factor Transformers

• Automatic Transfer Switches

• Power Distribution Units

•Customized harmonic solutions ■

Cutler-Hammer offers creativeapproaches to power distributionproductivity issues

Over 2500 consulting engineers,industrial users, contractors anddistributors attended Cutler-

Hammer’s twelve Power for Productivity(P4P) seminars held across the US.These seminars were an over-whelming success. Response to the“solution” based—rather than productfocused—seminars was fantastic.Solutions to today’s mostpressing concerns for electricaldistribution systems thatrequire new levels of PowerQuality, Energy Management,Reliability & Uptime, andInformation and SystemsIntegration were discussed.

The second stage of P4P is local, condensedversions of these seminars. A Chicago Cutler-Hammer office recently hosted a series oftechnology updates during the first quarterof ’99 as a follow up to the bigger P4P heldlast year. Local P4P’s were held in bothOregon and New Jersey in the month of June.Over 5000 people are expected to attend thelocal P4P’s.

“Power for Productivityisn’t an event like the circus that comes to town once every three years, it’s a contin-uos process to educateand discuss with our

customers the latest technologysolutions,” says Bill MortensenIndustrial Segment MarketingManager, Cutler-Hammer.

This summer P4P is expanding into MexicoCity and Monterrey, Mexico using Spanishtranslated presentations. Following Mexico,the seminars will move into Costa Rica andCentral America.

Call your local C-H sales engineer to set up or attend a local P4P in your area. Call 1-800-525-2000 for the nearest C-H sales office. ■

Your Power Qual i ty News Source Vol. 1 No.1 Summer 1999

Welcome to PQ Connection

P4P a huge success

Index

Case Study - Marathon Oil 2‘99 PQ Training Schedule 3PQ Standards Update 4Monitoring Tips 5Feature Article 6New Product Info 8

METERING

ENGINEERINGSERVICES

SOLUTIONS

Figure 1

Pg 2 PQ Connection ~ Summer 1999

ObjectiveMarathon Oil Company wanted to improvethe life and reliability of their ElectricalSubmersible Pump (ESP) systems.

StrategyApply High Resistance Grounding (HRG)units to the electrical system. This technology,proven effective in other industrialenvironments, reduces the unsafe anddamaging overvoltage conditions that mayoccur under arcing ground fault conditions.The HRG unit can detect, identify, andcontrol the ground fault.

What makes this technology so desirable tothe application is that it does not necessarilyhave to take the ground fault system off-line. Once the HRG unit has detected andlocated the ground fault, Marathon wouldbe able to evaluate the situation anddetermine the best course of correctiveaction. If the location of the fault is deter-mined to be down-hole and not in a classi-fied wellhead area, then the well could berun with the ground fault on it indefinitely.

ResultsMarathon applied HRG units to two wells ontheir Tchatamba Marin platform located offthe coast of Gabon, Africa. Six weeks after theinstallation of the HRG units, both wellsexperienced failures. Well #2 failed first,experiencing a phase to ground fault andthen a phase to phase fault. The well operatedfor six hours with the phase to ground faultsince the HRG unit was able to control the overvoltages.

Marathon production engineers pulled well #2 to find that a packer penetratorinstallation problem had caused the initial

ground fault. Further investigation indicatedthat after the original ground fault occurred,the HRG unit kept the system on line andoperating until the phase to phase faultoccurred. The motor, cable, and down-holesensors were all undamaged and stillfunctional. However, the motor was replacedwith a spare as a precautionary measure.

While the work was being done on well #2,well #3 experienced the identical failuremode. Unfortunately, the HRG unit on well#3 was off-line at the time. Well #3 failedinstantly since it did not have any protectionfrom the ground fault induced overvoltages.

Immediately after finishing well #2,Marathon pulled well #3. The #3 motor wasburned at the star point. The Phoenix down-hole sensing system was also destroyed.Marathon did not have a spare motor for well#3 so elected to rerun the motor pulled fromthe #2 well in #3.

At the time this document was written (sixmonths later), there have been no additionalproblems with either well. Both ESP systemsare running with the HRG units on line andproducing approximately 10,000 bpd each.

Technical NotesSeventy percent of all faults start out as arcingground faults. This can lead to transient over-voltages. When the overvoltage reaches about700%, the system insulation breaks down.

High transient voltages can result in:

■ Motor Failure

■ Down-Hole Sensing Equipment Failure

■ Cable Insulation Failure

■ Penetrator Failure

The solution was to design a high resistancegrounding (HRG) unit tailored to thespecific needs of the petroleum industry.When an HRG unit is applied to an electricalsystem, you have the benefit of a groundprotected system without necessarilyimpairing the continuity of service. When itis determined that there is a ground fault onthe system, the HRG unit can alarm or, ifdesired, trip the system.

HGR technology is as close to an ungroundedsystem as you can get but without thenegatives of an ungrounded system. TheHRG unit was designed to handle up to 5kV. Itcan be applied to a delta or wye ungroundedthree wire distribution systems.

Interface with Down-Hole Sensor Technology– when down-hole sensing equipment isutilized on a well, the Cutler-Hammer HRGunit can be equipped with customized signalblocker circuitry. This signal blocker keepsthe down-hole sensor signal from erroneouslyflowing through the HRG unit’s groundconnection and resulting in an incorrectalarm or trip condition. With the signalblocker circuitry to guard possible nuisancetripping, the down-hole sensing equipmentcan use the power conductors as a signal

High Resistance Grounding - Case Study: Marathon Oil CompanyProtecting Down-Hole Submersible Pumps and Motors from Damaging Fault Related Voltage Transients

CASE STUDY

Jill RevoltSegment Marketing Manager

Dave ShippAdvisory Engineer

“If both motorshad burned,

Marathon Oilwould have

spent another$300K - $400K”

PQ Connection ~ Summer 1999 Pg 3

path, thus eliminating the need for expensivededicated control cable for a signal path.

ConclusionAccording to Keith Fangmeier, AdvancedSenior Production Engineer for Marathon OilCompany, “Both systems were essentially thesame except for the operation of the HighResistance Grounding units. I believe theHRG unit saved the motor on #2. ESPmanufacturers are not fond of grounding ESPsystems; but, in this case, Marathon mayhave saved a motor. More important thansaving the motor was the rig time andtransportation expenses in obtaining a newmotor for #3. If both motors had burned,Marathon Oil would have spent another$300K - $400K.” ■

Cutler-Hammer Engineering Services provides a full-range of on-site services including: Start-upCommissioning, Preventive and Predictive Maintenance, Power Systems Studies and Equipment Life extension.

Power Quality andGroundingPower Quality and Grounding is designedfor engineers and others who are responsiblefor maintaining the reliable and efficientoperation of industrial or institutionalpower systems.

Program Content:■ How power disturbances affect equipment■ Causes of interruptions, swell, sags,

flicker, transients■ Reducing power disturbance problems■ Causes and symptoms of harmonic

currents■ Correcting harmonic current problems■ Symptoms of ineffective grounding■ Grounding of power equipment,

sensitive electronic equipment andpower systems

■ Related ANSI/IEEE UL, CBEMA, GEand IEC standards

■ Hands-on practice using power analyzers

Dates:Indianapolis, Indiana, August 31- September 3Baltimore, Maryland, September 21-24Toronto, Ontario, October 19-22Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 16-19

Tuition:■ $1195 US for locations in the USA■ $1495 Canadian for locations in Canada10% discount for early registration (two weeks prior)

Power Quality MonitoringThe Power Quality Monitoring program isdesigned for engineers and technicians whoneed to know how to identify power qualityproblems or perform measurements of sags,swells, voltage transients, harmonic distortionand voltage flicker.

Program Content:■ Power Quality fundamentals – disturbances,harmonics, example waveforms, equipmenttolerances, CBEMA, IEEE 519, and IEC standards

■ Practice session - Monitoring multi-cyclevoltage variations

■ Practice session – Build your ownequipment tolerance diagram

■ Practice session – Monitoring transients,subcycle disturbances and flicker

■ Practice session – Monitoring harmonics■ Practice session – Evaluating power quality

problems using power monitor data

Dates:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Aug. 10-11Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Oct. 13-14

Tuition■ $695 US for locations in the USA■ $870 Canadian for locations in Canada10% discount for early registration (two weeks prior)

To register or for more information, pleasecall (724) 779-5840 or 1 (888) 436-1585

1999 Training Program – Locations and Dates

Pg 4 PQ Connection ~ Summer 1999

PQ STANDARDS UPDATE

International Standards Update

■ There was a seminar/workshop held inWashington DC during the last week ofJanuary ’99. It was held to discuss the U.S.position on IEC standards regarding har-monic limits for single-phase electronicequipment. Most participants believed theproposed limits similar to IEC 1000-3-2 weretoo stringent.

■ From now on you will notice that the 1000designation on the IEC standards is beingreplaced by the 61000 designation.

■ Other standards of note

IEC 61000-3-4; three phase equipment up to75 amps, has or soon will be published.

IEC 61000-3-6, this is a parallel document toIEEE 519 evaluating harmonic compliance,and is available from the IEC.

61000-4-7 this is the main IEC documentdetailing measurement of harmonics, andhas not been adopted in North America atthis time.

■ EN 50160 is the Euronorm standard thatdefines utility HV, MV, & LV levels in ECcountries. It details voltage regulation, andharmonic levels between different utilitiesselling and transporting power between ECcountries. It does not include transients orflicker levels.

■ The UK has issued a new version of itsstandard, and the current reference is G5/4.

Other standard groups of note(more on these groups in the next issue):-

■ Working Group P1433 Power QualityDefinitions

■ Working Groups under P1159

■ P1159.1 Task Force on Recorder Qualificationand Data Acquisition Requirements forCharacterization of PQ Events

(Appropriate Sample Rate for event measured)

■ P1159.2 Task Force on Characterization of aPower Quality Event Given An AdequatelySampled Set of Digital Data Points

(Characterization of the Sampled Data)

■ P1159.3 Task Force on the Transfer ofPower Quality Data

(Interchange data format)

P1346 – Electric Power System Compatibilitywith Electronic Process Equipment

P1509—Distribution Custom Power TaskForce—Guide for Application of PowerElectronics for Power Quality Improvement onDistribution Systems Rated 1 kV through 38 kV

P1453 – Flicker Task Force

P1531 – Harmonic Filter Task Force—Divided into 2 groups LV & MV/HV.

Single Phase Harmonics Task Force

The following groups are also working underthe PES Harmonics Working Group

■ IEEE Harmonics Modeling and SimulationTask Force

■ Probabilistic Methods Task Force.

■ Interharmonics Task Force—a chapter onthis subject has been developed for the latestdraft of IEEE 519a.

A new task force to meet for the first time atthe PES Winter Power meeting on ActiveFilters. A chairman (Chuck Gougler) hasbeen selected for this task force.

New IEEE 519 Harmonic Limits on Power Systems

■ The current thinking is that the newdocument will remain a RecommendedPractice – it will not progress to a standard.

■ The completion date has been pushed backto 2002.

■ The new document will not containharmonic limits for individual pieces ofequipment, or limits within facilities awayfrom the PCC, as once thought.

■ This document will be co-sponsored byboth the PES and the IAS groups.

■ The committee suggests a new column beadded to the tables, recommending limits forinterfaces at one kV or less.

■ Inclusion of limits on even harmonics stillbeing discussed.

P519A Task Force – Guide forApplying Harmonic Limits on Power Systems

The current draft (draft 6) is expected to bethe last version before it goes to ballot. Thereis a possibility that a tutorial on 519A will beprepared for the next IEEE PES WinterPower Meeting. ■

Standards are continually changing and it is important to be awareof how these changes affect the power quality industry. To assist you,Cutler-Hammer has summarized some of the key changes inInternational standards, IEEE 519, and other relevant topics.

George Bowden,P.Eng

Product Line Manager,Power Quality &

Predictive Maintenance

PQ Connection ~ Summer 1999 Pg 5

This monitoring tip outlines uses of theCutler-Hammer IQ Analyzer by a largechemical plant in the Southeastern

United States. The IQ Analyzer is a fixedmounted power quality meter that offersfully functional metering, ANSI C12 revenueaccuracy, harmonic parameters to the 50thharmonic including harmonic voltage andcurrent magnitudes and phase angles, andsystem disturbance capabilities including theability to capture waveforms. All waveformsshown are actual waveforms captured by theIQ Analyzer at the aforesaid facility.

Eight IQ Analyzers are located at the main4160V switchgear. They are each located atthe secondary of the 4 utility ownedtransformers providing 4160V to the facility.Thus, they are at the interface point betweenthis industrial facility and its electric utility.This facility is electrically connected to itssister facility on the primary side of theutility transformer. Using data collected fromthe IQ Analyzer, we will show fault currentbehavior during a fault on the primary sideof the utility transformer at the unmonitoredsister facility. We will also show the effects ofincreased load on the voltage.

Figure 1. shows the effect on Phase A currentand voltage of a major fault on the primaryside of the utility transformer feeding theunmonitored sister facility. The IA currentchanges directions and back feeds to thefault location.

Figure 2. shows phase B current and voltagewhich do not change directions, thus weknow that the fault occurred on Phase A.

Figure 1. also shows that some load was lostin the monitored facility due to the fault.Recorded time-stamped minimum andmaximum current and voltage data (notincluded) shows the sequence of events of asecond fault on the transformer physicallyadjacent to the previously faulted transformer.This data confirmed the sequence of eventsas described by witnesses to the explosions.Since, the two sister facilities were connectedat the primary of their utility transformers,the monitored facility lost voltage after thesecond transformer faulted.

A second example of the use the IQ Analyzeras a fixed mounted power quality monitorinvolves recording of voltage sags. Voltagesags and swells are the most common of allpower quality problems. The ability to recordvoltage sags and associated waveforms on acontinuous basis greatly reduce time andeffort in troubleshooting the cause and effectof these events.

Figure 3. illustrates a voltage sag probablydue to starting of a large load down streamfrom the monitoring device.

Figure 4. illustrates a recorded voltage sag.

By utilizing fixed mounted power qualitymonitors such as the IQ Analyzer, this facilityhas the ability to constantly monitor itselectrical distribution system for systemdisturbances, either before or at the point of utility delivery or in its own electricaldistribution system. This saves time inevaluation of disturbances and money inincreased production time, and producesmore reliable answers and solutions. ■

VAN 1062.65 V

IA 22.00 A

VBN 2133.70 V

IB -101.00 A

Device 1, 10/15/96, 12:56:27.31

Figure 1

Figure 2

Device 1, 10/15/96, 12:56:27.31

Documentation of PowerSystem Disturbances at a Large Industrial Facility

VAN 2948.54 V

VCN 348.62 VVBN -3238.35 V

IA -487.00 AIB 911.00 AIC -399.00 A

VBN -3183.75 VVCN 1629.68 V

VAN 1659.08 V

IB -1474.00 AIA 675.00 A

IC 789.00 A

Device 7, 7/13/96, 17:55:42.28

Figure 3

Figure 4

Device 7, 7/13/96, 17:20:07.58

MONITORING TIPS

Thomas DomitrovichApplication Engineer

Linda HarrisIndustry Manager, Utility Segment

Pg 6 PQ Connection ~ Summer 1999

Let’s jump to the bottom line: specifyingsurge suppressors with ratings above250 kA per phase is overengineering

that needlessly increases your clients’investment in electrical protection. It isanalogous to specifying a 4/0 cable to feed a20-amp outlet, or a 64-circuit loadcenter tosupply a one-bedroom apartment.

Yet, and despite the obvious folly of suchoverengineering, some manufacturers ofsurge suppressors are recommending it,insisting that ratings of 500 kA, 800 kA, evenone thousand kA are needed. They haveratcheted up the ratings during the past fewyears, arguing its validity by pointing outthat lightning strikes of up to a thousand kAcan, and do, impose those same amperageson facility wiring (untrue).

The continuous ratcheting raises otherimportant questions: are lightning strikescarrying more energy now than in the past?(not that we know of), and at what ratingwill the ratcheting end? (when consultantsand other specifiers say so).

The Plain Truth About Lightning StrikesLightning strikes are the flashes that jumpbetween clouds and earth; their currentsvary widely. Virtually all–99.98 percent bythe best estimates–carry an initial current ofless than 220 kA; about fifty percent of allstrikes carry a current of less than 18 kA.

According to the IEEE, the amplitude oflightning strikes varies from a few kA,through the medium values of 20 kA, to theexceptional values (only 5 percent of allstrikes) in excess of 100 kA (see Figure 1).

Regardless, the magnitude of strike currentsis irrelevant when specifying surgesuppressors. Why? Because when a strikehits a power line, service entrance, orbuilding it follows the paths of leastresistance. Most of its energy is shunted toground through the power provider’sarresters installed on distribution poles,other arresters installed at the facility’sservice entrance, the building’s structuraland plumbing systems, and lightning rods.

(see Figure 2) The remaining energy, by nowa small fraction of the energy in the initiallightning strike, enters the facility’s powersystem by inductance or capacitance.Several major conclusions can be drawnfrom these facts:

1. The induced or capacitive current creates atransient impulse (Fig.3) that lasts less thanone-half cycle with a maximum amplitudeof 20kV, 10kA (8x20 µs surge as recognizedby IEEE 62.41.

2. BIL limitations prevent higher currentsfrom traveling down conductors tovaluable equipment, causing arcing. Infact, low voltage wiring (defined as fewerthan 1000 volts by the IEEE) would havetrouble carrying a combination wave of 20kV, 10kA without exceeding 6000 V BILratings. Therefore it is impossible for thehigh current (ie > 500 kA) claimed by somesurge suppression manufacturers to travelinto a facility.

0.01 0.1 11

10

100

1000

2 5 10 20 40 60 80 95 99 99.99

FIRST RETURN STROKE

SUBSEQUENT RETURN STROKES

% GREATER THAN ORDINATE

PEA

K CU

RREN

T (k

A)

140 kA

70 kA

32 kA

3.1 kA1.5 kA

65 kA

20 kA

10 kA

6.2 kA

3.1 kA

Figure 1: Distribution of Lightning Strike Current.

Only .02 percent of all lightning strikes carry cur-

rents of 225 kA. The median amplitude is less

than 20 kA.

Specifying the Right Ratings for Surge SuppressorsThe Key to Specifying the Right Suppressor isUnderstanding that the Amplitude of a Lightning Strike is Unrelated to a Power Line Surge.

Figure 3: Lightning can produce surges with

high voltages and currents, but the duration of

the surges is short, typically fewer than 100 µs.

2.5 milliseconds/division

200

Vol

ts/d

ivis

ion

M

LA - Primary ArrestXF - Dist. TransformerM - Meter

XF

100 kA

40 kA

LA15 kA

30 kA

Figure 2: A lightning strike will seek paths to

ground according to the impedance of paths to

ground according to the impedance of each path

of parallel combination. The relative values

shown on the diagram are arbitrary, selected to

illustrate the concept.

High EnergyLightning Surge

FEATURE

Russ Barss, P.EngProduct Line

Manager, SurgeProducts

James Funke, P.EngChief Engineer

Surge Products

PQ Connection ~ Summer 1999 Pg 7

A Prudent Design ApproachA rational, deliberate approach to the

design of a practical surge protection systemmust balance, simultaneously, at least fourvariables:

1. The frequency of lightning strikes (or, the degree of environmental hostility),depends heavily on geography, and isgenerally expressed as strikes/squarekm/year (see Figures 4a and 4b).

2. The amplitude of lightning strikes, whichhas already been addressed.

3. The degree of protection desired based on the integrity and sensitivities of the equipment to be protected, thecharacteristics of the electrical system,and the performance of surge protectivedevices, including…

4. The life expectancy of arresters/suppressors,which is directly related to the rating of the device and the frequency and amplitudeof strikes.

UL requires that facility surge suppressorsin service entrance applications be tested to 10 kA per phase to assure safety andreliability. Yet, Cutler-Hammer recommendsactual ratings from 50 kA up to 250 kA perphase. The reason is life expectancy, notadded protection.

A service entrance suppressor will besubjected to thousands of surges of variousmagnitudes; each will shorten the life of thesuppressor by various degrees. Statisticaldata indicate that suppressors installed in,say, Florida, the lightening capital of NorthAmerica, and rated 250 kA per phase, can beexpected to remain in service for 25 years ormore, even longer in areas where lightningstrikes are less frequent.

Failure of a suppressor is extremely rare,and is generally caused by a swell ortemporary overvoltage (TOV) on theutility’s power line, i.e., when the voltage ona 120 V line rises to 170 V or higher for shortperiods of time. Therefore, it’s apparent thatno engineering or other value is derivedfrom ratings of suppressors that exceed 250kA/phase.

Conclusion: Specify Up To 250kA/PhaseThere is absolutely no direct relationshipbetween the amplitude of lightning strikesand the amplitude of surges—also calledtransient impulses—on power lines.

Surges can enter the facility’s incomingelectrical, telephone, and coaxial conductors,requiring that prudent design protect allthree paths. Surge suppressors rated 250 kAper phase will protect AC power linesagainst all recorded lightning strikes, and

will remain in service for 25 years or longereven where lightning strikes are mostfrequent. Protection is not increased byspecifying suppressors rated higher than250 kA, but cost is, and facility owners willpay for protection that is unwarranted. ■

1 IEEE 62.41-1991. Reaffirmed 1996. 2 IEEE 62.41-1991, Appendix B, paragraph B1. 3 Surge and Temporary Over Voltage Protection Considerations for Remote and

Wireless Telecommunications Sites, by Russell Barss and James Funke, Cutler-Hammer. 4 Orvill, R. E., Henderson, R.W., and Pyle, R. B. Lightning Flash Characteristics:

1987. Interim Report el-6413, August 1989, Electric Power Institute.

Figure 4b: Exposure to lightning can be related to the number of thunderstorm days/year in a

geographic area. The area just south of Tampa, Florida, is highest, at more than 100 thunder-

storms/year, followed by the rest of Florida and a good part of the Southeaster United States.

Suppressors of higher ratings should be specified in areas of higher densities, not because they

offer greater protection, but because their service lives will be longer.

flashes/km2

6

5

4

3

2

Figure 4a: The density of lightning strikes in the Eastern and Midwestern states varies widely

from 6 km2/year in Central Florida, Coastal South Carolina, and South Central Tennessee to only

1 km2/year throughout most of the Midwest and Northeast.

Pg 8 PQ Connection ~ Summer 1999

Published by: Cutler-Hammer

Editors:Russ Barss

Product Line Manager, Surge Products

George Bowden

Product Line Manager, Power Quality & Predictive Maintenance

Doug Dillie

Product Line Manager, Power Management

Kristin Vekteris

Creative Editor

For more information on Cutler-Hammer products and services please contact us via:tel: (800) 525 2000 • fax: (616) 982 0879 For engineering services: (800) 498 2678

web: www.cutlerhammer.eaton.com

PQ Connection™ is a trademark of Cutler-Hammer© 1999 Cutler-Hammer. All rights reserved

Printed in Canada

future issues:In future issues, we will be adding the section “Ask the Expert” and encourage you to

submit power quality questions or comments. Please fax your questions to (403) 717 0579 or e-mail [email protected], attention “Questions for the Power Quality Expert”.

NEW PRODUCT INFORMATION

IQ Analyzer Combines an Easy-to-Use Meter andPowerful Analyzer for Optimum Power Quality

The IQ Analyzer serves as a complete solution for industrial,commercial and institutional facilities managers who need to monitorall aspects of their electrical distribution systems. One of the mostuser-friendly devices in its class, the device combines the precision of digital metering with the continuous, real-time monitoring anddiagnostics capabilities of a state-of-the-art analyzer.

Data displays are hierarchically organized for easy, one-touch step-through, and include a built-in ‘Help’ utility which provides on-lineuser assistance. In addition to the pre-loaded standard screenformats, users can program two optional custom screens.

In its meter mode, the IQ Analyzer monitors a full range of systemparameters including current, voltage, power (in watts, Vars or VA),energy utilization, demand, power factor, frequency and harmonicdistortion parameters on % THD for both current and voltage phaseangle, K-factor, CBEMA and Crest Factor.

In the analyzer mode, any of four optionalanalysis functions may be selected: trend analysis,harmonic analysis, event/alarm analysis anddemand analysis. Within each function, variousanalytical operations can be performed, utilizingboth real-time and historical data stored in the IQAnalyzer’s non-volatile memory which can beaccessed from the device without the use ofadditional software. ■

Reflected Wave Trap extends motor life andincreases production uptime

Cutler-Hammer introduces the Reflected Wave Trap (RWT), apatented motor-protection device for the drives industry that can be used universally on any manufacturers VFD or motor. Reflected

wave spikes occur when distancesbetween drives and motors exceeds50 feet. These spikes damage motorinsulation, resulting in motor failureand operational downtime.

The RWT offers superior performanceover existing motor-terminated orreactor-based technologies. With aneasy to install, one-size-fits-all design,

the RWT adapts to new and existing drive applications and doesnot require sizing to motor horsepower and voltage. Its highcarrier frequency operates up to 12 kHz, compared to 2 to 6 kHzfor other manufactors’ designs. Additionally, the RWT providesinstallation and operational flexibility with long lengths betweenthe drive and motor – up to 750 feet (40˚ ambient) or 1000 feet (25˚ambient). Its low surface temperature offers a high level of safetyand extends the RWT’s life expectancy. Maximum surfacetemperature in a 40˚C environment is 90˚C compared to othersolutions that exceed 200˚C.

The Reflected Wave Trap can be used with other Cutler-Hammersurge protection products as part of a facility-wide approach toreduce equipment downtime or damage from power disturbances. ■

PQ Connection™

Cutler-Hammer

1000 Cherrington Parkway

Moon Township, PA 15108 U.S.A.

To Subscribe: fax: (403) 717 0579or e-mail: [email protected],“Attn: PQ subscription”Please indicate hard copy or electronic version (available in PDF format)